The law of effect
The effects of our actions determine whether we will repeat them. Organisms learn through consequences.
Social Validity
The
... [Show More] goals, procedures, and results of an inervention are acceptable to the client, the behavior analyst, and society.
Reliability Measures
The comparison of measurements of dependent variables and independent variables obtained by individual observers.
Informed consent
Consent to intervene in a way that is experimental or risky; participant/guardian is informed of the risks and benfits and of the right to stop intervention.
Forgetting procedure
preventing the opportunity for a response.
Response dimensions
The physical properties of a response. Ex: intensity, topography, latency, force, duration, pitch
Response differentiation
The reinforced response class occurs more frequently than an extinguished response class, usually as a result of differential reinforcement.
Process vs. Product
Sometimes you need to make reinforcers and feedback contingent on the component responses of the process, not just the product.
Unconditioned reinforcer
A stimulus event or condition that is a reinforcer, though not as a result of pairing with another reinforcer.
Initial behavior
Behavior that resembles the terminal behavior along some meaningful dimension and occurs at least with minimal frequency.
Deprivation
Witholding a reinforcer increases relevant learning and performance.
The procedure of shaping with punishment
the differential punishment of all behavior except that which more and more closely resembles the terminal behavior.
Intermediate Behaviors
Beavior that more closely approximates the terminal behavior.
Positive Practice
Repeating the correct response after making an incorrect response.
Group Research Design
An experiement that is conducted with at least two groups of subjects and the data are usually presented in terms of the mean of the performance of all subjects combined for each group.
Differential Reinforcement
Reinforcing one set of responses and extinguishing another set of responses.
Fixed-outcome shaping
Shaping that involves the delivery of a fixed magnitude of a reinforcer, when performance meets the changing criterion or the delivery of a fixed magnitude of an aversive when performance fails to meet changing criterion.
Variable-outcome shaping
Shaping that involves an increase in the magnitude of a reinforcer or a decrease in the magnitude of an aversive outcome as performance more and more closely resembles terminal behavior.
The procedure of shaping with reinforcement
The differential reinforcement of only the behavior that more closely resembles the terminal behavior.
Terminal Behavior
Behavior not in the repertoire or not occuring at the desired rate; the goal of intervention
Response Class
A set of responses that are similar on at least one response dimension, share the effects of reinforcement and punishment; serve the same function
Latency
The time between the signal for a response (SD) and the beginning of the response.
Duration
The time from the beginning to the end of a response
Response topography
The sequnce, form, or location of components of a response relative to the rest of the body (response looks the same but may have different functions)
Task Analysis
An analysis of complex behavior and sequences of behavior broken into their component responses.
Overcorrection
A contingency on inappropriate behavior requiring the person to engage in an effortful response that more than corrects the effects of the innappropriate behavior.
Independent variable
The variable that is systematically manipulated to influence the dependent variable
Multiple-baseline Design
An experimental design in which replications involve baselines of differening durations and interventions of differing starting times (when behavior is stable at first baseline). Can be across participants, settings, and behaviors. Usually done when a reversal design is not appropriate.
Extinction Burst
Initial increases in the response rate and magnitude or intensity following extinction. [Show Less]