Assessed first in trauma patient
Airway
(*)Degree of burn that is characterized by bone involvement
Fourth
Complications of head
... [Show More] trauma
Intracerebral hematoma
Extradural hematoma
Brain abscess
Most common cause of laryngotracheal stenosis
Trauma
Intervention that can help prevent development of acute renal failure
Infusion of normal saline
A 26-year-old male is resuscitated with blood transfusion after a motor vehicle collision that was complicated by a fractured pelvis. A few hours later, the patient becomes febrile, hypotensive with a normal CVP, and oliguric. Upon examination, the patient is found to be bleeding from the NG tube and IV sites. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Hemorrhagic shock
B. Acute adrenal insufficiency
C. Fat embolism syndrome
D. Transfusion reaction
D. Transfusion reaction
Skin antiseptic
-Ethanol 70% is an effective skin antiseptic
-Acetic acid can be used to treat Gram- skin infections
-Salicylic acid is used to treat certain skin yeast infections
Class IV hemorrhage indicates what % blood loss
55%
How does shivering affect body temperature
Increases body temperature
Class III hemorrhage indicates what % of blood loss
35%
Management of a stable patient with kidney contusion
Observation
Associated with hypovolemic shock
-Inadequate tissue perfusion with resultant tissue hypoxia
-Blood shunting to vital organs
-Decreased circulating blood volume and decreased venous return
-Low cardiac output
-Loss of less than 20% of the blood volume is usually without symptom except for mild tachycardia
-Patients become orthostatic with losses between 20 and 40%
-Shock is evidenced by tachycardia, hypotension, oliguria, flat neck veins
The most effective method of monitoring the success of resuscitation during CPR?
Reactivity of pupils to light
Used to ensure correct placement of endotracheal tube
-Ultrasound
-Bilateral breath sounds
-Sustained end-tidal CO2
Total body surface area involved in a burn in an adult to the anterior chest and abdomen
18%
What is often caused by carotid massage?
Bradycardia
Step in a patient diagnosed with tension pneumothorax
1. Needle decompression/ thoracotomy
2. Chest tube
True statements regarding diaphragmatic injuries
-Blunt diaphragmatic injuries are usually associated with skeletal trauma
-Penetrating diaphragmatic injuries may be missed
-Repair of traumatic diaphragmatic injuries usually does not require prosthetic material
First priority in the treatment of an unconscious patient
Checking the pulse
A patient involved in a road accident is brought to the emergency department in an unconscious state. On arrival, her vitals show a temperature of 96.4 degrees Fahrenheit, a respiration rate of 24 breaths per minute, a heart rate of 140 beats per minute, and a blood pressure of 80/40 mm Hg. She is cold, shivering, and perspiring profusely. She has bilateral reactive pupils but she does not respond to pain. On physical examination, she has no obvious sign of external bleeding. Which of the following cannot be the cause of hypotension in this patient?
A. Pelvic fracture
B. Fracture of femur
C. Intracranial hemorrhage
D. Hemothorax
C. Intracranial hemorrhage
A patient suffered a slash to his right neck. The wound is over the mid-portion of the sternocleidomastoid. There is a large hematoma and brisk bleeding when uncovered. He is stable. What is the next step in management?
A. Get an angiogram
B. Close the wound in the ER
C. Take him to the operating room
D. CT scan to evaluate neck structure
C. Take him to the OR
After abdominal injury, which of the following urinalysis findings would be an indication for further testing?
A. 0-5 casts/HPF
B. 5-10 WBC/HPF
C. 10-20 RBC/HPF
D. Gross hematuria
D. Gross hematuria
A laceration of the neck superficial to the deep cervical fascia along the sternocleidomastoid muscle at its midpoint would cause bleeding from which structure?
External jugular vein
Clinical features associated with tension pneumothorax
Unilateral decrease in breath sounds
Hyperresonance
Respiratory distress
Tachycardia
Tracheal shift
Desatruation
Decreased breath sounds
Decreased compliance
Asymmetric chest movement
NOT hypertension, audible bronchial sounds
Not recommended as a mode of ventilation for a patient with a diaphragmatic hernia
A. Bag and mask
B. LMA
C. Endotracheal intubation
D. Jet ventilation
A. Bag and mask
What is the next step in the assessment of a traumatic patient after airway is established?
Breathing
Blood group that is considered a universal donor
O
A provider is examining a patient who sustained a severe traumatic head injury. He documents no Doll's eyes. What does this signify?
Brainstem injury
Which of the following is the least preferred method of administering IV fluids?
A. Cubital veins
B. Cephalic veins
C. Subclavian veins
D. Saphenous vein
Subclavian veins
Dermatome level for nipple sensation
Dermatome level for umbilicus
T4
T10
At which temperature would a hypothermic patient stop shivering?
88 degrees F
What is the energy recommendation for the first defibrillation in an adult (*)
300 J
Pharmacologic effects of Morphine
Behavioral changes
Analgesia
Respiratory depression
NOT diarrhea
A patient with which condition should be triaged to receive medical attention first?
A. Choking
B. Dizziness
C. Leg cramp
D. Vomiting
A. Choking
For pediatric patients, what volume of fluid resuscitation should be given initially in the setting of shock?
A. 750 mL of saline uniformly
B. 1 liter of saline
C. 20 mL/kg of 0.45% NaCl with 5% glucose
D. 10 to 20 mL/kg of Ringers lactate
D. 10 to 20 mL/kg of Ringers lactate
A patient is found unconscious after a fire in his bedroom. He is found to have severe burns around his face. What is the first aspect of treatment?
A. Tetanus toxoid
B. Cover the wound
C. Airway
D. Obtain blood work
C. Airway
Basilar skull fracture
PE: raccoon eyes, battle sign, CSF ottorrhea (rhinorrhea), loculated pneumoencephalocele
Bone MC involved = Temporal
A patient with von Willebrand disease is bleeding after sustaining a knife wound. Which of the following is most appropriate for the treatment of this patient?
A. Vitamin K
B. Cryoprecipitate
C. Protamine
D. DDAVP
D. DDAVP
What is the total body surface area involved in a burn to both lower extremities?
36%
Which injury is most common in rear end motor vehicle accidents?
A. Cervical fractures
B. Hypextension-hyperflexion neck injuries
C. Forearm fractures
D. Rotational neck injuries
B. Hypextension-hyperflexion neck injuries
What is true about an unrestrained pregnant driver?
A. She is at increased risk of placenta previa
B. She is at increased risk of placental abruption
C. At 33 weeks, her fetus is well protected by an amniotic fluid cushion and thus the pregnancy is not at risk
D. If the mother's vital signs are stable, complications are unlikely
B. She is at increased risk of placental abruption
In adults, an aspirated foreign body is most likely to get stuck in the:
A. Left main bronchus
B. Carina
C. Right main bronchus
D. Esophagus
C. Right main bronchus
Skin finding characteristic of second-degree burns
Blisters [Show Less]