When patients administer regular insulin (Humulin R U-500), they should be taught:
10 units of Humulin R U-500 is equal to 10 units on a U-500 insulin
... [Show More] syringe.
Radioiodine therapy is safe to administer to:
A 30-year-old man who desires natural fatherhood-used to tx hyperthyroidism and does not cause infantility or birth defects in the offspring of tx'd pts
A pt who has Addison's disease has received a prescription for fludrocortisone. Fludrocortisone acts by:
Regulating salt and water balance-mineralocorticoid indicated as partial replacement therapy for pts with primary or 2ndary adrenocortical insufficiency
Methimazole for the tx of Graves' disease is contraindicated in pts:
Who are pregnant-can cause fetal harm when administered, can readily cross the placental membranes
Which of the following medications may cause gynecomastia?
Enalapril (Vasotec)-ACE inhibitors may cause gynecomastia
A pt is started on a sulfonylurea (i.e. glyburide). The NP informs the pt that sulfonylureas are likely to:
Reduce microvascular events-also low in cost
Disadvantages-produce hypoglycemia and cause weight gain
Thiazolidinedione (TZD) medications:
Increase insulin sensitivity-by acting on adipose, muscle & liver to increase glucose utilization and decrease glucose production
Pts taking dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DDP-IV) inhibitors for the tx of T2DM do NOT routinely need to be monitored for:
Weight loss-Januvia, Onglyza, Tradjenta not likely to cause weight loss or weight gain
The expected hemoglobin A1V reduction for pts who are started on dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DDP-IV) inhibitors such as sitagliptin (Januvia) is:
0.6%
DDP-IV inhibitors such as alogliptin (Nesina):
Suppress glucagon secretion and increase insulin secretion
Sulfonylurea-stimulate the release of insulin from functioning beta cells
Biguanides-decrease hepatic glucose production, decrease intestinal absorption of glucose, and improve insulin sensitivity
Prior to the admin of methimazole (Tapazole) the NP should obtain a baseline:
CBC-tx for hyperthyroidism, CBC & liver profile should be obtained
A pt is started on exenatide (Byetta) for T2DM. Byetta should be d/c'd if the pt exhibits:
Persistent abd pain, radiating to the back-monitored for sx of acute pancreatitis
Sulfonylureas such as glyburide (Micronase) are extensively metabolized:
In the liver-primarily by CYP 450
A 48-year-old pt is started on metformin (Glucophage) for T2DM. The maximum expected hemoglobin A1C reduction after initiation of this medication is:
2%- usual expected decrease in A1C is 1-2%
Insulins recommended for use in insulin pump delivery systems include:
Apidra & Humalog-only rapid acting insulins are safe for continuous IV use
The generic name for Victoza is:
Liraglutide-GLP-1 agonists
A pt who is started on a glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1), such as Victoza, should be informed that this class of medications may:
Increase satiety-delay gastric emptying & promote weight loss
Pts who are receiving radioiodine therapy for hyperthyroidism should be advised to:
Avoid contact with young children for several days-radiation emits from the body avoid kids & pregnant women
Pts taking thiazolidinedione (TZD) medications should be monitored for:
Fluid retention & weight gain-may precipitate or exacerbate HF in some pts by causing dose-related fluid retention
Levothyroxine use in the 1st trimester of pregnancy:
May require an increase in dose-due to alterations of endogenous maternal thyroid hormones
Exenatide (Byetta) is classified as:
GLP-1
Gynecomastia is NOT likely to be caused by:
Clonazepam
Ketoconazole, finasteride, spiro, lavender/tea tree oil may cause this
Pt receiving insulin detemir (Levemir) are at higher risk for developing:
Hypokalemia-causes a shift in K+ from the extracellular space to the intracellular space
The mechanism of action by which metformin (Glucophage) improves glucose tolerance is:
Decreased intestinal absorption of glucose-also improves insulin sensitivity by increasing peripheral glucose uptake and utilization
Due to the mechanism of action of meglitinides used in the tx of T2DM, they should by administered:
at meal time-should be admin within 30 mins of a meal or at meal time 2-4 times daily
Victoza (liraglutide), a GLP-1 for the tx of T2DM, may potentially decrease effectiveness of:
Oral contraceptives-delay absorption of orally absorbed medications
Metformin (Glucophage) is a:
Biguanide
The combination of metformin (Glucophage) and glyburide (Diabeta) for the tx of T2DM is:
highly efficacious with a moderate risk of hypoglycemia
A pt is receiving a fast-acting insulin to decrease post-prandial blood sugars. If the bedtime blood sugar is elevated, the pt should be advised to increase the fast-acting insulin dose at:
Dinner-onset of rapid acting is 15 mins
Which of the following is a rapid-acting insulin?
Aspart (Novolog)
Pts should be advised to take glimepiride (Amaryl):
In the morning with breakfast-or 1st meal of the day, long acting sulfonylurea
Which statement about metformin (Glucophage) is correct?
It should be temporarily discontinued for radiologic studies with iodinated contrast-may result in acute alteration of kidney function
Insulin glargine (Lantus) is NOT indicated in the tx of:
Pediatric pts with T2DM
Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce blood glucose by:
Increasing urinary glucose excretion
Pioglitazone hydrochloride (Actos) is contraindicated in pts with:
heart failure-can cause dose-related fluid retention
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors such as acarbose (Precose) are contraindicated in pts with:
Inflammatory bowel disorders-delays absorption of carbs following a meal [Show Less]