What are grant assurances? - Answer- They require the recipients to maintain and operate their facilities safely, efficiently, and in accordance with
... [Show More] specific conditions. (pg 57)
Why does FAA use grant assurances? - Answer- Grant assurances are the most effective means of extending government policy to local government unit. (pg 58)
How long are grant assurances in effect? - Answer- Continuing obligations for up to 20 years depending on useful life of facility, and other condition. (pg 58)
What if grant assurances are violated? - Answer- Loss of FAA funding, FAA might request that previous grant monies be repaid to the FAA. (pg 58)
What is the difference between a Part 13 and Part 16 complaint? - Answer- Part 13 is informal. The FAA is not obligated to a deadline in response. Part 16 is formal and most serious of the two. It imposes deadlines and has stringent requirements for the airport, complainant and FAA. (pg 62)
Who is most likely to file a Part 13 or Part 16 complaint and why? - Answer- The FAA or aeronautical user if it feels that the airport is in violation of its GAs. (pg 61)
What is airport law? - Answer- A collection of FAA regulations, adjudications, statutes, grant assurances, advisory circulars, and court decisions at the local, state, and federal levels. (pg 66)
What happens when the airport accepts federal money or land? - Answer- The airport must follow FAA regulations; the airport must be able to account for land acquired with fed funding and must designate its use for aeronautical or non-aeronautical. (pg 79)
What is the role of the FAA related to the airport operator? - Answer- The FAA acts as both the gift giver of AIP funds and permission giver in monitoring and enforcing airport compliance with federal regulations. (pg 51)
What is ICAO and what do they do? - Answer- International Civil Aviation Organization. Its purpose is to secure international cooperation and the highest possible degree of uniformity in regulations and standards, procedures, and organization regarding civil aviation matters. (pg 71)
What are the 2 types of ON-airport land use? - Answer- Aeronautical use and non-aeronautical use. (pg 80)
What are the 2 types of OFF-airport land use? - Answer- GA #21, compatible land use, requires the airport to make attempt to restrict the use of adjacent land in the immediate vicinity to purposes compatible with airport operations.
GA #20, hazard removal and mitigation, requires the airport to take the necessary action to protect the airspace around the airport including visual and instrument approach paths. (pg 81)
What structures are generally considered to be incompatible with airport operations? - Answer- Residential development, schools, churches, hospitals, other public health facilities and concert halls are considered to be incompatible land use (pg 81)
What are some options for airport operators preventing incompatible land use? - Answer- Remove obstructions, secure land, properly marking lighting obstructions, let zoning officials use master plan for reference when zoning, stay in contact with local municipalities, request to use AIP money to acquire land before it's used, negotiate with zoning agencies, secure navigation easements on the property. (pg 81)
Grant assurance 19 operations and maintenance requires the airport to... - Answer- To be operated at all times in a safe and serviceable condition and requires the airport operator maintain the airport in a safe and serviceable condition in accordance with the minimum standards. (pg 85)
Why does the FAA encourage airports to have minimum standards? - Answer- Minimum standards and self-service rules and regulations contributes to nondiscriminatory treatment of airport tenants and users. (pg 86)
What is an example of "just" discrimination? - Answer- If a certain activity or class would have an adverse effect on safety or efficiency for the airport the airport exec may deny the business to conduct that activity or limit the manner of operation. (pg 88)
What are the overall benefits of minimum standards? - Answer- Protect airport tenants from devaluation of their operations by new competition; provides a level playing field so that airport operators understand all tenants' level of commitment; and ensures the safe and efficient operation of the airport in accordance with rules, regs and guidance. (pg 86)
What does the exclusive rights grant assurance 23 require, and what are the exceptions? - Answer- Restricts the airport exec from granting any tenant the exclusive right to conduct a particular commercial aeronautical service unless it would be unreasonably costly, burdensome, or impractical for more than one FBO to provide such services, and if allowing more than one FBO to provide such services would require the reduction of space leased to an existing tenant. (pg 88)
Explain the term "unjust discrimination" as it relates to what is and isn't done on airport property. - Answer- Under GA 22 Economic Nondiscrimination the airport sponsor may prohibit or limit aeronautical use if such action is necessary for the safe operation of the airport, but may not restrict individual users of a specific type of aircraft and then allow others of that same type of aircraft to operate. (pg 87)
What is a "through the fence" agreement? - Answer- Business located off airport property and isn't under airport control but has access to the airport's runway and taxiway system through access agreement (Uber, Lyft). (pg 92)
What are the four basic types of leases? - Answer- 1) Straight: remains constant thru out its term.
2) Graduate: changes in rents and fees at previously arranged intervals.
3) Revaluation: periodic valuation of the property and rent adjustment to current values.
4) Percentage: rent equivalent to the percentage of sales; common in concessions leasing. (pg 135)
What are critical elements of leaseholder agreements? - Answer- Recitals, grant of lease, lease term, rates/fees/charges, taxes, security deposits, improvements, obligation for repairs/maintenance/upkeep, covenants by tenants/lessee, indemnity, insurance, signage and use of property by lessee, subletting, damage to premises, condemnation/default/expiration of lease agreement, title, signature blocks. (pg 135)
What are the factors to consider in concession leasing and rate setting? - Answer- Location in airport, size and type of facility needed, support infrastructure needed, support in traveler flow, efforts the airport makes to highlight various shopping opportunities in the facility and a demand for the airport's space. (pg 137)
What are minimum annual guarantees (MAG)? - Answer- Tenants will pay the airport a minimum amount annually. (pg 138)
What are the 3 approaches to leasing concession space? - Answer- 1) Standard: airport management directly leases and manages space.
2) Development: company or retail expert can be engaged to provide management services overseeing rental and concessionaire development in lieu of the AP.
3) Institutional: operator can be engaged as a master lessee and is given authority to provide all required concessions or for sublease to other concessionaires. (pg 138)
What are the advantages and disadvantages of concessions located before and after screening? - Answer- Before advantages: People picking up passenger can shop and so can passengers who are leaving.
Before disadvantages: Less exposure to passengers passing thru.
After advantages: Passenger traffic in concourse area and btwn flights.
After disadvantages: People picking up passengers can't access. (pg 139)
What does airport use agreements do and don't do? - Answer- DO: grant rights and provide a reliable stream of revenue for the airport.
DON'T: guarantee services by the airlines to the airport and the nearby community. (pg 140)
What is a signatory carrier and an MII clause? - Answer- A signatory air carrier that has entered into use agreement with airport proprietor that can exercise significant control over an airport's capital budget under MII clause. (pg 140)
What are the 5 steps of airport property development? - Answer- (1) Physical restraints
(2) zoning regulations
(3) politics
(4) conveyance (or use) restrictions
(5) general contract and legal counsel. (pg 141)
What are the 4 areas airport executives should assess when upgrading a computer system? - Answer- 1) Compatibility and integration
2) Security and safety
3) Scalability
4) Usability (pg 124)
Identify the primary IT systems at and airport and their functions. - Answer- Airside IT systems focuses on information delivery and decision making needed to support the movement of aircraft both on the ground and in the air.
Landside IT systems assist in passenger drop off and pick up at the airport. (pgs 124-125)
Identify the types of cybersecurity attacks and explain how they work. - Answer- Denial of Service (DOS): Disable a machine or system. Malicious software (malware): Gain access to or cause damage to a computer.
Phishing: Steal information; identity theft/data mining- taking someone's identity and gathering information and using it for illegal things.
Social engineering: Pretending to be someone trusted to get information. (pg 132)
What are the 3 types of insurance under the Commercial General Liability (CGL) policy? - Answer- Hangar Keepers Liability protects the insured from damage to aircraft in their care and control.
Premises Liability covers injury to persons or property. Product Liability coverage on products that tenants may sell. (pg 133)
Identify methods to reduce risk on the airport. - Answer- Compliance with part 139
Conduct regular training
Conduct risk analysis programs
Conduct daily inspections
Routine screening of new and existing employees Maintain thorough, accurate and timely information sources
Obtain blanket insurance policy
Developing environmental policies (pg 134)
When are federal procurement policies and processes required to be used? - Answer- When the airport accepts federal funds thru the AIP or other transaction agreements with the federal government exception for PFCs. (pg 119)
What are federal procurement policies designed to do? - Answer- The processes are designed to promote fair and open competition and to ensure integrity in the public procurement process. (pg 118)
What are the various types of contracts and their central elements? - Answer- For construction over $100k the airport must obtain a bid guarantee equal to 5% of bid price and performance and payment bonds equaling 100% of contract; any federally funded construction over $2000 must comply with Davis-Bacon Act providing a weekly report of wages paid i.e. the minimum wage requirement. (pg 119) [Show Less]