What are the three main functions of the respiratory system? (Anatomical organization)
Air conduction, air filtration, and respiration
What are
... [Show More] the 3 parts of the pharynx?
Nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
Do the cartilaginous rings of the trachea meet on the posterior side?
False
What important steps happen during the swallowing process to prevent aspiration?
The larynx rises and epiglottis moves inferiority to cover the trachea.
Why does the soft palate elevate?
To prevent food or liquid from entering nasal passages.
What is the glottis?
An opening in the larynx where the vocal cords are located.
aspiration
Food or liquid that enters the trachea then lungs.
right lung lobes
superior, middle, inferior
Functions of pleura
Facilitate movement of lungs with body wall, enclose the lungs.
Major histology type in respiratory system?
Ciliated pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium
basement membrane
"Floor" of the epithelium in the respiratory tract
goblet cells
Wine-glass shaped mucus producing cells
columnar cells
Rectangular in shape, taller than they are wide
alveolar macrophages
Most abundant cell found within alveoli
left lung lobes
superior and inferior
Surfactant
Covers luminal surface and keeps alveoli from sticking together during exhalation
type 1 alveolar cells
Thin, simple squamous epithelium in junction with capillaries, 95% of alveolar epithelium
type 2 alveolar cells
secrete pulmonary surfactant to keep alveoli open, 5% of alveolar epithelium
negative pressure
Pressure inside this space is less than that of the atmosphere, allowing air to naturally flow into the lungs.
Is exhalation an active or passive process?
passive process
What is the function of hemoglobin?
Combines with oxygen entering the blood to carry the oxygen in the blood system
Diaphragm
Muscle responsible for providing movement for respiration
pulmonary alveoli
where gas exchange occurs by diffusion
Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as
bicarbonate ions
Boyle's Law
Gas volume is inversely proportional to pressure
Charles' Law
Volume of a given quantity of gas is directly proportional to its temperature
Dalton's Law
The total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of the individual pressures
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
Amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation
Tidal Volume (TV)
amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath under resting conditions
cystic fibrosis
Genetic disease of excretory glands. Causes production of thick mucus in respiratory tract
pulmonary edema
accumulation of fluid in the lungse
Emphysema
a condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness.
pleurisy
an inflammation of the pleura that produces sharp chest pain with each breath
Conducting portion of respiratory system
nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
simple squamous epithelium
single layer of flattened cells
stratified squamous epithelium
multiple layers of flattened cells
respiration steps
Breathing, external respiration, internal respiration, aerobic cellular respiration
During exhalation the rib cage is ______
Lowered
Incomplete ventilation
Lungs do not completely empty during each breathing cycle
Oxyhemoglobin
Hemoglobin combined with oxygen
carbaminohemoglobin
hemoglobin bound to carbon dioxide [Show Less]