Bundle
Bundle of Pediatric Nursing exam 2023
10 Items
Pediatric Nursing Practice Questions with Complete Answers Graded A+
An 18-Month-Old is discharged from the hospital after having a febrile seizure secondary to exanthem subitum (Roseola). On discharge, the mother asks the n... [Show More] urse if her 6-year-old twins will get sick. Which teaching about the transmission of roseola would be most accurate? 1. The child should be isolated at home until the vesicles have dried. 2. The child does not need to be isolated from the older siblings. 3. Administer acetaminophen to the older siblings to prevent seizures. 4. Monitor older children for seizure development. . 2. The route of roseola transmission is unkown, and the disease is more commonly seen in children 6 months to 3 years of age, so siblings do not need to be isolated. Which would be the priority intervention for a child suspected of having varicella (chickenpox)? 1. Contact Precautions 2. Contact and Droplet Respiratory Precautions? 3. Droplet respiratory precautions? 4. Universal Precautions and standard precautions. 2. Varicella (Chickenpox) is highly contagious. Contact & Droplet respiratory precautions should be started immediately because the primary source of transmission is secretions of the respiratory tract (droplet) and also by contaminated objects. Caladryl A lotion containing diphenhydramine. Should not be applied if child has already been given benadryl (diphenhydramine) because it can cause toxicity. Which s&s would the nurse expect with rheumatic fever? 1. Ankle and Knee Joint Pain. 2. Negative group A beta strep culture. 3. Large, red "bulls eye" - appearing rash. 4. stiff neck with photophobia. Ankle and knee joint pain. The parents of a 12-month old with HIV are concerned about him receiving routine immunizations. What will the nurse tell them about immunizations? "You are concerned about your child receiving immunizations. Let me explain why your child will NOT receive routine immunizations today" The nurse acknowledges a client's fears and then discusses the concerns to clarify any misconceptions. Immunizations and influenza vaccine are recommended to prevent infection. Immunocompromised HIV-infected children should not receive MMR and varicella live vaccines. Nursing Assessment suspects the newborn has cystic fibrosis. Which interventions would the nurse begin. 1. Observe frequency and nature of stools. 2. Provide Chest PT 3. Observe for weight gain. 4. Assess parent's compliance with fluid restrictions. 5. Assess respiratory system frequently. 1 & 3 Cystic fibrosis is an inherited autsomal trait, causing exocrien gland dysfunction. 7-10% present meconium ileus, so assessing stool frequency and consistency is important. Assessing weight is important in newborns because they lose up to 10% of their birth weight, and can take 2 weeks for them to regain their birth weight. Assessing the newborn's respiratory system frequently would be monitored as frequently as other infants if the newborn has no respiratory symptoms. Chest PT would not be initiated in a newborn without a definitive diagnosis. Can a mother breastfeed their infant if they have PKU? Yes. Breast milk has low amounts of phenylalanine, so the mother can breast as long as the infants phenylalanine level is monitored. Vaccines given routinely at 15 months. Hib & DTaP Which priority intervention for the newborn of a mother positive for hepatitis antigen? The newborn should receive both hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immune globulin within 12 hours of birth to prevent hepatitis B infection. signs of intussusception bloody stools or "currant jelly stools", diarrhea, Large palpable sausage shaped mass in the abdomen, abdominal distention, grunting, dehydration Fever, and pain (legs pulled towards abdomen)! Flat Ribbon Stools indicate Hirschsprung Disease Treatment for Intussusception Barium or air enema Nursing Care for Intussusception Document I & O Monitor for peritonitis & perforation Monitor and record stools Biggest complications of Intussusception Peritonitis and Perforation Risk factors for intussusception Cystic Fibrosis Ages 3 months to 3 years old. Complication of Mal-Rotation & Valvolus Pain related to rotation of intestines around the mesenteric artery can cut off circulation, leading to potential septic intestinal necrosis. Which pediatric GI disorder presents with green bilious vomiting? Mal-Rotation and Valvolus GI disorders that present with bloody stools? Mal-Rotation/Valvolus & Intussusception. Obstructive GI disorders where a palpated sausage shaped mass is felt on the abdomen. Mal-Rotation and Valvolus. Symptoms for these disorders are similar but Mal-Rotation requires surgical intervention. Preoperative care for Mal-Rotation/Valvolus Hydration, IV antibiotics, NG tube. Post-Operative Care for Intussusception Bowel sounds should return in four hours, progressive diet, hydration. Priority nursing diagnosis for intussusception Acute Pain! Which response about safety measures is the most appropriate advice for the 2 year old's mother who had her older home remodeled to reduce the lead level? Select all that apply. 1. Wash & dry the child's hands and face before he eats. 2. it is best to use cold water to prepate the child's food to decrease lead level. 3. diet does not matter in reduce lead levels in the child. 4. Drinking two cups of milk per day helps decrease lead levels. 1 & 3. Washing and drying hands and face especially before eating, decreases lead ingestion. Hot water absorbs more lead readily than hot water. Diet does matter; regular meals, adequate iron and calcium, and less fat help the child absorb less lead. Drinking 2 cups of milk per day is important for children but does not help decrease lead level. Which would the nurse explain to parents about the inheritance of cystic fibrosis? 1. The child of parents who are both carriers of the gene for CF has a 50% chance of acquiring CF. 2. The child of a mother who has CF and a father who is a carrier of the gene for CF has a 50% chance of acquiring CF. 2. If the child is born to a parent with CF and the other is a carrier, the child has a 50% chance of acquiring the disease and 50% chance of being a carrier of the disease. Number 1. is wrong. If a child is born to a parents who are both carriers of the CF gene, the child has a 25% chance of acquiring the disease and a 50% chance of being a carrier of the disease. A 2 year old has just been diagnosed with CF. The parents ask the nurse what early respiratory symptoms they should expect to see in their child. Which is the nurse's best response? 1. Barrel shaped chest 2. Chronic productive cough 3. bronchiectasis 4. wheezing Wheezing respirations and a dry nonproductive cough are common early symptoms of CF. A barrel shaped chest is a long-term respiratory problem that occurs with recurrent hyperinflation. A chronic productive cough is common as pulmonary damage increases. Bronchiectasis develops in advanced stages of CF. Test taking hint: "chronic: implies the disease process is advanced rather than in initial stages. The parent of a child with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) asks the nurse what will be done to relieve the child's constipation. Which is the nurse's best response? 1. Your child likely has an obstruction and will require surgery. 2. Your child will be given IV fluids. 3. Your child will be given MiraLAX 4. Your child will be placed on fluid restrictions. 3. MiraLAX will be ordered. IV fluids may be ordered if the client is NPO for any reason. however, IV fluids will not relieve the constipation. CF patient's commonly receive stool softeners or osmotic solution orally to relieve their constipation. [Show Less]
- Exam
- $10.45
- 0
- 109
Pediatric Nursing Exam 1 Questions and Answers 2023
The anterior fontanel most often closes when? -between 12 - 18 months of age. -It may normally close as early as 9 months of age. Where do primary... [Show More] teeth first erupt? The lower central incisors are usually the first to appear, followed by the upper central incisors. Start brushing them as soon as they come in at 5-7 or 6-8 months. Car Seats Infant - 2 years of age: Rear-facing car seat. 5-point harness seat is made for children up to 40 pounds (18 kilograms) & the booster seat for children from 40 to 80 pounds (18 to 36 kilograms). Infants at 4 months Infants typically turn over front to back at 4 months, enlarging the area of the house that needs to be childproofed. Primitive Reflexes: at what point do they disappear? -Step reflex: 4-8 weeks -Suck: 2-5 months -Root Reflex (Stroke cheek): 3 months -Moro: 4-6 months -Tonic neck reflex: 4 months -Palmar grasp reflex: 4-6 months -Tongue Extrusion reflex: 4-6 months -Plantar grasp: 9 months -Babinski reflex (fanning of toes when sole of foot stroked) by 12 months. [last to go] Protective Reflexes & emergence -Neck righting: 4-6 months -Parachute (sideways): 6 months -Parachute (forward): 6-7 months -Parachute (backward): 9-10 months Infants at 7-10 months -Sit up w/ assistance by 7 months -Transferring an object from one hand to the other expected at 7 months. -8 months: sit up independently -8 months: Stranger Anxiety starts, gets worse -Crawl at 9 months -Pull to standing at 10 months. Gross & fine motor skills develop in a cephalocaudal fashion Capacity of the normal newborn's stomach is between 1/2 - 1 ounce Babies are considered newborn (or perinatal) birth - 28 days, then they are infants (till 12 months). By 1 year of age, the infant's weight should have tripled their birth weight & grown 10 to 12 inches (25 to 30 cm) or length increases by 50%. -Most infants double their birth weight by 4-6 months of age & triple their birth weight by 1 year old. Toys - age appropriate: birth - 4 months Birth - 1 month: -mobile w/ contrasting colors -unbreakable mirror -soft bright colored toys 1-4 months: (all toys above +) -bright mobile -rattles -singing parent -high contrast in books/images What age does a child start playing with their hands? Around 3 months Toys - age appropriate: 4 - 12 months 4-7 months: -Fabric or board books -Different types of music -Easy-to-hold toys that do things/make noise (fancy rattles) -Floating, squirting bath toys -Soft dolls/animals 8-12 months: -Plastic cups, bowls, buckets, unbreakable mirror -Large building blocks -Stacking toys -Busy boxes (w. buttons/knobs that make things happen) -Balls -Dolls -Board books with large pictures -Push-pull toys (older infants) What age can a child use a spoon? 18 months Colic -Inconsolable crying lasting 3 or more hours/day w/ no physical cause, more prevalent in evenings. -May begin as early as 2 wks -Treatment is a restful, soothing environment. -Typically resolves by 3 months of age. When is the first social smile? 2 months Maturation, Growth & Development Maturation = increase in functionality of various body systems or developmental skills. Growth = increase in physical size. Development = sequential process by which infants & children gain various skills & functions. Foods commonly associated with ALLERGIES in infants/young children -Cow's milk -Peanut butter -Strawberries -Wheat -Egg Whites +any small foods child can choke on (hot dog slices, popcorn, etc) Erikson's psychosocial developmental task for the infant is to develop a sense of trust (Trust vs Mistrust) Ch 26: Average Toddler Weight & Height -Average toddler weight gain is 1.36 to 2.27 kg (3 - 5 lb) per year. -Length/height increases by an average of 7.62 cm (3 inches) per year. -Toddlers generally reach about half of their adult height by 2 years of age! Ch 26: Toddler Head Circumference -Increases about 2.54 cm (1 inch) b/t 1 & 2 years age, then increases avg of 1.27 cm (1/2 inch) per year until age 5. -Head circumference (reflective of brain growth) reaches about 90% of its adult size by 2 years of age, when it is measured until. -Head size becomes more proportional to rest of body near age of 3 years. Ch 26: Typical toddler appearance Rounded abdomen (d/t still-weak abdominal muscles), a slight swayback, & a wide-based stance. Infant HR & RR HR: 80-150 RR: 25-55 -Infants normally display uneven/irregular breathing pattern, w/ short pauses b/t some breaths. -This may be accentuated when they are ill Toddler HR & RR As a child grows into a toddler, their: -HR decreases -BP increases HR Norm: 70-120 RR Norm: 20-30 Preschooler HR & RR HR: 65-110 RR: 20-25 BP taken usually once per visit starting at age 3, unless issue present. (text pg 1170) School Age HR & RR HR: 60-100 RR: 14-22 Adolescent HR & RR HR: 55-95 RR: 12-18 Erikson defines the toddler period as a time of -Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt. - a time of exerting independence -struggle for self-mastery Toddler Walking heel to toe by age 3 years DTaP -Diphtheria, Tetanus and Pertussis Given as a series of five injections: —at 2, 4, & 6 months; -between 15 & 18 months, -between 4 & 6 years [Show Less]
- Exam
- $13.45
- 0
- 138
Pediatric Nursing Final Study Guide Questions and Answers 100% correct
The nurse is caring for a small child who puts his arm through the side rail just as the nurse is lowering the side rail. The child gets big bruise. The ho... [Show More] usekeeper asks the nurse what happened. The nurse should: A. tell the housekeeper, since the housekeeper is part of the healthcare team B. restrict information to general statements such as "it was an accident." C. suggest the housekeeper ask the head nurse D. Avoid discussing the accident with the housekeeper D Which of the following positions does the nurse use for the child who has just returned to the room from a tonsillectomy? A. elevated head and legs B. on the abdomen or side C. on the back and flat D. on the back or sitting up B As a nurse you must explore your beliefs about medication for infants and children because research has shown which of the following? A. nurses are likely to overmedication and undermedicate children under their care B. nurses tend to believe that medication will harm children more than help them C. it takes a lo of exploration of beliefs before a nurse can be consistent in the administration of pain medication regardless of race, gender, religion or social status D. Education level, personal pain experience and number of years in practice influence the nurse in the decision to medication or not medicate a child in pain D Compared to children or adults, adolescents' gender attitudes and behavior are found to be: A. about the same B. far more liberal C. somewhat more liberal D. more traditional D If burns are severe enough, the child will require fluid replacement. Whcih of the following fluids is most often used as a replacement? A. d5% in water B. 1/2 NS C. NS D. LR D When caregivers of a child with a chronic health care condition look for meaning in their situation, they most often: A. feel small, helpless and hopeless in the face of such a long-term responsibility B. find they have little or nothing to be thankful for and drop out of their religion C. give up and adopt a martyr-like existence because any meaning is depression or demeaning D. find positive outcomes, such as family relationships being strengthened due to working together D The nurse assessing an infant for intusseception will look for 3 classic signs and symptoms: colicky intermittent abdominal pain, vomiting, and which kind of stool? A. mustard or clay-colored B. frothy stools that float C. currant jelly like stools D. black tar colored stools C Which of the following infants is at greatest rick of sudden infant death syndrome? A. male full-term, 7 months old B. female, full-term, 8 month old C. male twin, premature, 4 month old D. female, single birth, 4 month old C You are the nurse working with parents and their newborns on a postpartum unit there the newborns room with the mother. The parents of one of the babies learns that their newborn has mental retardation. You notice these parents going through the stage of denial and then demonstrating anxiety. You realize anxiety : A. must be reduced as soon as possible and you need to calm the family immediately B. serves a purpose in alerting the family that something is amiss and in generating needed energy to deal with the situation C. will keep the family from completing the stages of adjusting to the child having mental retardation D. is related to the loss of their dream of a perfect child and how other people will be disappointed in them B Which of the following practices is used by a large number of cultural groups to provide comfort and security to a child? A. burying a rock near a large shade tree B. taping a coin to the umbilical cord C. wrapping the infant snugly in a soft blanket D. boiling an egg and keeping it close to the child C The nurse places a unique cartoon character on the outside and inside of a child's door. The hospital has a picture of a different animal fro each floor of the hospital and these pictures are posted in the elevators. Each section of the pediatric unit has a different theme and walls of a different color. These actions on the part of the nurse and the hospital are designed to: A. reduce anxiety and help children and others feel secure that they will not get lose and that they have a place of their own B. remind everyone that this is a pediatric unit for children who have special needs and is not a unit for adults C. cheer the children up and help them laugh to reduce tension in their lives D. help establish a personality for the hospital. the floors. the unit. and the room of the child who is hospitalized A the nurse working with a child who had cellulitis anticipates doctor's orders for which of the following usual treatment regimens? A. whirlpool, meperidine or morphine sulfate and wet to dry dressing B. oral antibiotics, warm compresses, immobilizations, elevationg of the extremity and analgesics C. debridement of the wounds. antibiotic cream, dressing and an ace bandage D. incision and drainage with antibiotics placed in the wound. done as a minor surgical procedure in day surgery B How often should a hearing aid be changed for children less than 4 years of age? a. once a month c. once a year b. every 3 to 6 months d. every 2 years B The nurse takes the temperature of a newborn and gets a reading of 37.7 degrees C (99.6 degrees F). The nurse interprets this temperature as: a. very high for a newborn and calls the health care practitioner b. high for an infant of this age and decides to retake it in 20 minutes c. normal and proceeds to chart the temperature in the infant's record d. below normal and adds a warmed blanket to the infant's crib C The leading causes of injury-related death for children aged 1 to 4 years is: a. choking and drowning b. fires and burns c. fires and neglect d. drowning and motor vehicle occupant injury D The pediatric nurse in the hospital finds one of her clients crying because "Daddy just left." Which of the following actions by the nurse would most help the child to feel more secure? a. holding the child, talking about then Dad will return, and looking at Dad's picture b. looking at the clock, talking about the amount of time before Dad returns, and drawing a clock with that time c. distracting the child by playing a game that requires a lot of concentration d. giving the child a cuddly blanket and a cuddly stuffed animal to hold until Dad returns A The nurse is instructing a child and the child's family about dietary needs while the child is undergoing dialysis treatments at home. The nurse will instruct the family to provide which of the following types of diet? a. soft c. low protein b. pureed d. high fat C If a nurse fails to report suspected child abuse and a child later receives additional injuries at the hands of the suspected abuser, the nurse may face legal consequences in states with child abuse reporting laws. Which of the following consequences may be the harshest faced by the nurse? a. to be held liable for civil damages to compensate the child and to be fined and imprisoned b. to have the nursing license suspended for up to a year c. to be assigned at least 1 year of community service d. to be put on probation and have to meet periodically with the assigned probation officer A To look into the ear of a child younger than 3 years old, the nurse would position the ear by pulling the auricle: a. down and out c. in and forward b. back and up d. in and backward A Which of the following is most frequently the cause of precocious puberty in females? a. idiopathic b. central nervous system lesions c. trauma d. pituitary malfunction A [Show Less]
- Exam
- $16.45
- 0
- 93
Peds Exam 1 NCLEX style questions and answers Grade A+
To establish a good interview relationship with an adolescent, which strategy is most appropriate? 1. Asking personal questions unrelated to the situati... [Show More] on 2. Writing down everything the teen says 3. Asking open-ended questions 4. Discussing the nurse's own thoughts and feelings about the situation 3. Asking open-ended questions RATIONALE: Open-ended questions allow the adolescent to share information and feelings. Asking personal questions not related to the situation jeopardizes the trust that must be established because the adolescent may feel as though he's being interrogated with unnecessary questions. Writing everything down during the interview can be a distraction and doesn't allow the nurse to observe how the adolescent behaves. Discussing the nurse's thoughts and feelings may bias the assessment and is inappropriate when interviewing any client A chronically ill school-age child is most vulnerable to which stressor? 1. Mutilation anxiety 2. Anticipatory grief 3. Anxiety over school absences 4. Fear of hospital procedures 3. Anxiety over school absences RATIONALE: The school-age child is becoming industrious and attempts to master school-related activities. Therefore, school absences are likely to cause extreme anxiety for a school-age child who's chronically ill. Mutilation anxiety is more common in adolescents. Anticipatory grief is rare in a school-age child. Fear of hospital procedures is most pronounced in preschool-age children. When developing a care plan for an adolescent, the nurse considers the child's psychosocial needs. During adolescence, psychosocial development focuses on: 1. becoming industrious. 2. establishing an identity. 3. achieving intimacy. 4. developing initiative. 2. establishing an identity. RATIONALE: According to Erikson, the primary psychosocial task during adolescence is to establish a personal identity while overcoming role or identity confusion. The adolescent attempts to establish a group identity by seeking acceptance and approval from peers, and strives to attain a personal identity by becoming more independent from his family. Becoming industrious is the developmental task of the school-age child; achieving intimacy is the task of the young adult; and developing initiative is the task of the preschooler. A nurse notes that an infant develops arm movement before fine-motor finger skills and interprets this as an example of which pattern of development? 1. Cephalocaudal 2. Proximodistal 3. Differentiation 4. Mass-to-specific 2. Proximodistal RATIONALE: Proximodistal development progresses from the center of the body to the extremities, such as from the arm to the fingers. Cephalocaudal development occurs along the body's long axis; for example, the infant develops control over the head, mouth, and eye movements before the upper body, torso, and legs. Mass-to-specific development, sometimes called differentiation, occurs as the child masters simple operations before complex functions and moves from broad, general patterns of behavior to more refined ones. A teenage mother brings her 1-year-old child to the pediatrician's office for a well-baby checkup. She says that her infant can't sit alone or roll over. An appropriate response by the nurse would be: 1. "This is very abnormal. Your child must be sick." 2. "Let's see about further developmental testing." 3. "Don't worry, this is normal for her age." 4. "Maybe you just haven't seen her do it." . "Let's see about further developmental testing." RATIONALE: Stating that further developmental testing is necessary is appropriate because at age 12 months a child should be sitting up and rolling over. Therefore, this child may have developmental problems. Saying the infant's behavior is abnormal or suggesting that the mother hasn't seen her infant do these milestones isn't therapeutic and can cut off communication with the mother. Telling the mother that the infant's behavior is normal misleads the mother with false reassurance. The mother of an 11-month-old infant reports to the nurse that her infant sleeps much less than other children. The mother asks the nurse whether her infant is getting sufficient sleep. What should be the nurse's initial response? 1. Reassure the mother that each infant's sleep needs are individual. 2. Ask the mother for more information about the infant's sleep patterns. 3. Instruct the mother to decrease the infant's daytime sleep to increase his nighttime sleep. 4. Inform the mother that her infant's growth and development are appropriate for his age, so sleep isn't a concern. 2. Ask the mother for more information about the infant's sleep patterns. RATIONALE: The nurse needs more information about the infant's sleep patterns to rule out potential problems before determining whether the infant is getting enough sleep. The nurse shouldn't offer advice or reassurance without knowing more about the infant's specific sleep habits. A nurse observes a 2½-year-old child playing with another child of the same age in the playroom on the pediatric unit. What type of play should the nurse expect the children to engage in? 1. Associative play 2. Parallel play 3. Cooperative play 4. Therapeutic play 2. Parallel play RATIONALE: Two-year-olds engage in parallel play, in which they play side by side but rarely interact. Associative play is characteristic of preschoolers, in which they are all engaged in a similar activity but there is little organization. School-age children engage in cooperative play, which is organized and goal-directed. Therapeutic play is a technique that can be used to help understand a child's feelings; it consists of energy release, dramatic play, and creative play. An infant who weighs 7.5 kg is to receive ampicillin (Omnipen) 25 mg/kg I.V. every 6 hours. How many milligrams should the nurse administer per dose? Record your answer using one decimal place. Answer: milligrams 187.5 milligrams RATIONALE: The nurse should calculate the correct dose using the following equation: 25 mg/kg × 7.5 kg = 187.5 mg When making ethical decisions about caring for preschoolers, a nurse should remember to: 1. provide beneficial care and avoid harming the child. 2. make decisions that will prevent legal trouble. 3. do what she would do for her own child or loved ones. 4. be sure to do what the physician says. 1. provide beneficial care and avoid harming the child. RATIONALE: Nurses must provide beneficial care and avoid harming all clients. A nurse shouldn't base any decision solely on the desire to prevent legal trouble, on her own feelings for her loved ones, or what the physician says. An emergency department nurse suspects neglect in a 3-year-old boy admitted for failure to thrive. Signs of neglect in the child would include: 1. slapping, kicking, and punching others. 2. poor hygiene and weight loss. 3. loud crying and screaming. 4. pulling hair and hitting 2. poor hygiene and weight loss. RATIONALE: Signs of neglect include poor hygiene and weight loss because neglect can involve failure to provide food, bed, shelter, health care, or hygiene. Slapping, kicking, pulling hair, hitting, and punching are examples of forms of physical abuse, not neglect. Loud crying and screaming are normal findings in a 3-year-old boy. When developing a care plan for a child, the nurse identifies which Eriksonian stage as corresponding to Freud's oral stage of psychosexual development? 1. Initiative versus guilt 2. Autonomy versus shame and doubt 3. Trust versus mistrust 4. Industry versus inferiority 3. Trust versus mistrust RATIONALE: Freud defined the first 2 years of life as the oral stage and suggested that the mouth is the primary source of satisfaction for the developing child. Erikson posited that infancy (from birth to age 12 months) is the stage of trust versus mistrust, during which the infant learns to deal with the environment through the emergence of trustfulness or mistrust. Initiative versus guilt corresponds to Freud's phallic stage. Autonomy versus shame and doubt corresponds to Freud's anal/sensory stage. Industry versus inferiority corresponds to Freud's latency period An infant, age 10 months, is brought to the well-baby clinic for a follow-up visit. The mother tells the nurse that she has been having trouble feeding her infant solid foods. To help correct this problem, the nurse should: 1. point out that tongue thrusting is the infant's way of rejecting food. 2. instruct the mother to place the food at the back and toward the side of the infant's mouth. 3. advise the mother to puree foods if the child resists them in solid form. 4. suggest that the mother force-feed the child if necessary. 2. instruct the mother to place the food at the back and toward the side of the infant's mouth. RATIONALE: The nurse should instruct the mother to place the food at the back and toward the side of the infant's mouth because it encourages swallowing. Tongue thrusting is a physiologic response to food placed incorrectly in the mouth. Offering pureed foods wouldn't encourage swallowing, which is a learned behavior. Force-feeding is inappropriate because it may be frustrating for both the mother and child and may cause the child to gag and choke when attempting to reject the undesired food; also, it may lead to a higher-than-normal caloric intake, resulting in obesity. A nurse is caring for an adolescent who underwent surgery for a perforated appendix. When caring for this adolescent, the nurse should keep in mind that the main life-stage task for an adolescent is to: 1. resolve conflict with parents. 2. develop an identity and independence. 3. develop trust. 4. plan for the future 2. develop an identity and independence. RATIONALE: An adolescent strives for a sense of independence and identity. During this time, conflicts are heightened, not resolved. Trust begins to develop during infancy and matures during the course of development. Adolescents rarely finalize plans for the future; this normally happens later in adulthood What is a normal systolic blood pressure for a 3-year-old child? 1. 60 mm Hg 2. 93 mm Hg 3. 120 mm Hg 4. 150 mm Hg 2. 93 mm Hg RATIONALE: The normal range for systolic blood pressure in preschoolers is 82 to 110 mm Hg. The normal range for diastolic blood pressure is 50 to 78 mm Hg. [Show Less]
- Exam
- $15.45
- 0
- 119
Pediatric Nursing Practice Questions and Answers 100% correct
What is the recommended serving size of vegetables for a toddler? a. 1 tablespoon. b. 1 teaspoon. c. 1/2 teaspoon. d. 1/2 tablespoon. a ... [Show More] The nurse is providing emergency care for an unconscious child who presents with a head injury sustained in a fall. Which is the highest nursing priority? a. Establish an airway. b. Assess neurological status. c. Stabilize the spine. d. Obtain vital signs. a he vital signs of a 4-year-old child with polyuria are: BP 80/40, Pulse 118, and Respirations 24. The child's pedal pulses are present with a volume of +1, and no edema is observed. What action should the nurse implement first? a. Insert an indwelling urinary catheter. b. Start an IV infusion of normal saline. c. Send a specimen to the lab for urinalysis. d. Document the child's vital signs and pulses. b The nurse is assessing a 2-year-old child. What behavior indicates that the child's language development is within normal limits? a. Is able to name four colors. b. Can count five blocks. c. Is capable of making a three word sentence. d. Half of child's speech is understandable. c At 8 a.m. the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) informs the charge nurse that a female adolescent client with acute glomerulonephritis has a blood pressure of 210/110. The 4 a.m. blood pressure reading was 170/88. The client reports to the UAP that she is upset because her boyfriend did not visit last night. What action should the nurse take first? a. Give the client her 9 a.m. prescription for an oral diuretic early. b. Administer PRN prescription of nifedipine (Procardia) sublingually. c. Notify the healthcare provider and inform the nursing supervisor of the client's condition. d. Attempt to calm the client and retake the blood pressure in thirty minutes. b During administration of a blood transfusion, a child complains of chills, headache, and nausea. Which action should the nurse implement? a. Start another IV of dextrose solution and stay with the child. b. Continue the transfusion and monitor the child's vital signs. c. Stop the infusion immediately and notify the healthcare provider. d. Slow the transfusion and assess for cessation of symptoms. c The nurse is preparing a health teaching program for parents of toddlers and preschoolers and plans to include information about prevention of accidental poisonings. It is most important for the nurse to include which instruction? a. Tell children they should not taste anything but food. b. Store all toxic agents and medicines in locked cabinets. c. Provide special play areas in the house and restrict play in other areas. d. Punish children if they open cabinets that contain household chemicals. b What preoperative nursing intervention should be included in the plan of care for an infant with pyloric stenosis? a. Monitor for signs of metabolic acidosis. b. Estimate the quantity of diarrhea stools. c. Place in a supine position after feeding. d. Observe for projectile vomiting. d Which measurements should be used to accurately calculate a pediatric medication dosage? Select all that apply. a. Child's height and weight. b. Adult dosage of medication. c. Body surface area of child. d. Average adult's body surface area. e. Average pediatric dosage of medication. f. Nomogram determined mathematical constant. a,c,f The nurse is assessing the neurovascular status of a child in Russell's traction. Which finding should the nurse report to the healthcare provider? a. Pale bluish coloration of the toes. b. Skin is warm and dry to the touch. c. Toes are wiggled upon command. d. Capillary refill less than 3 seconds. a The mother of a preschool-aged child asks the nurse if it is all right to administer bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto Bismol, Bismylate) to her son when he "has a tummy ache." After reminding the mother to check the label of all over-the-counter drugs for the presence of aspirin, which instruction should the nurse include when replying to this mother's question? a. If the child's tongue darkens, discontinue the Pepto Bismol immediately. b. Do not give if the child has chickenpox, the flu, or any other viral illness. c. Avoid the use of Pepto Bismol until the child is at least 16 years old. d/ Pepto Bismol may cause a rebound hyperacidity, worsening the "tummy ache." b A 12-month-old boy is admitted with a respiratory infection and possible pneumonia. He is placed in a mist tent with oxygen. Which nursing intervention has the greatest priority for this infant? a. Give small, frequent feedings of fluids. b. Accurately chart observations regarding breath sounds. c. Have a bulb syringe readily available to remove secretions. d. Encourage older siblings to visit. c [Show Less]
- Exam
- $18.45
- 0
- 91
Pediatric Nursing Questions and Answers 2023
Examples of stress experienced by toddlers 1. separation anxiety from parents, grief reactions 2. regression 3. refusal to eat 4. difficulty sleeping ... [Show More] Three phases of separation anxiety and behavioral responses exhibited during each phase 1. protest; clings to parent to force them to stay 2. despair, inactive + withdrawn and regress 3. detachment, denial, after prolonged separation , denies need for parents lvoe, affection to nurses Nursing interventions to reduce separation anxiety 1. encourage family contact 2. familiar belonging brought from home 3. provide therapeutic play 4. accept regression 5. consistent routine with familiar staff 6. extra cuddling and holding Example of a coping strategy found amongst toddlers when in stress throwing games List the major developmental tasks for toddlers 1. development of autonomy 2.. control environment 3. act of movement with no restraining Identify examples of collaborative efforts to assist toddlers with control and mobility 1. assist child with ambulation within their control 2. throwing games, vent frustrations 3. child life specialist, modified toys 4. physical therapist, promote strength and flexibility List nursing interventions used to prepare a toddle for a procedure 1. brief explanations, 5-10 mins, emphasize what the child will see, hear, taste, or feel 2. see age appropriate videos with parents 3. comfort by use of bandages to stop bleeding, avoid deception to gain compliance Identify the initial step to effective pain management and special considerations made for a toddler 1. assessment, meaning of hurt, what word is used for pain 2. prior pain experience 3. what does your child do when she/he is hurting 4. anything special that need to know about the child in pain List behavioral cues demonstrated by a a toddler when experiencing pain 1. frowning 2. crying 2. restlessness List physiological cues demonstrated by a toddler when experiencing pain. 1. rapid pulse 2. rapid respiration 3. perspiration Identify nursing interventions used for pain management with a toddler 1. form of relaxation, deep breaths 2. form of distraction 3. transport to treatment room for treatments 4. medical personnel restrains, not parents 5. the parents presence 6. explain in a a few simple words 7. administration of pain meds Provide examples of fostering autonomy and independence when planning for discharge 1. select favoring snacks 2. help with dressing change 3. allow playing if on bed rest ( can play near bed) 4. continue to perform toileting and hygiene skills 5. toys for psychosocial development 6. give independence and allow exploration within safe guidelines List seven reliable devices for accurately measuring and administering oral meds *measuring spoon *plastic syringes *calibrated nipple *plastic medicine cup *calibrated dropper *hollow handles medicine spoon *medicine bottle used to delivery oral meds via syringe Six methods of med administration that encourage child's acceptance 1. flavored ice pop/small ice cube to suck to numb tongue 2. mix drop with a small about (1tsp) of sweet tasting substance NO honey until age 1 year 3. give a chase of water, juice, soft drink 4. if n/v is a problem, give a carbonated beverage poured over finely crushed ice before or after 5. when unpleasant tastes pinch the nose and drink med thru a straw 6. have pharmacist prepare drug in a flavored chewable lozenge 7. infants will suck forma needless syringe What two types of meds should never be crushed and why? *enteric or protected coating; could irritate the stomach; this type of tables is absorbed by small intestine *Slow release- could be absorbed more rapidly If med must be crushed what type of food should never be used? Honey in infants due to botulism 2 methods of restraining for infant or toddler receiving IM injection in vastus lateralis 1. body of larger infant can be securely held between the nurses arm and body 2. swaddle baby leaving the part of the extremity out that is receiving the injection List six meds that should be reviewed by 2 profession nurses before administration to infant/child *digoxin *chemotherapeutic agents *insulin *epinephrine *opoids *sedatives According to Ericksons theory of development why would a toddler view hospitalization as a punishment? Ritualism the need to maintain sameness and reliability provides sense of comfort. without ritu8als little opportunity to exert autonomy. consequently regression and dependency occurs Hearing test for newborn OAE- Otoacoustive Emission measures intensity sound from the cochlear hair cells in response to clicks from a probe placed in the ear canal does not detect neural damage Detects inner hearing loss does not detect damage to cranial nerve [Show Less]
- Exam
- $16.95
- 0
- 137
Pediatric nursing NCLEX chapter 2 questions and answer 2023
1. Which defines a group of people living in a specific geographic area? • Culture • Community • Target population • Individual countries and s... [Show More] tates Community 2. Which is descriptive of family system theory? • Family is viewed as the sum of individual members. • Change in one family member cannot create a change in other members. • Individual family members are readily identified as the source of a problem. • When the family system is disrupted, change can occur at any point in the system. When the family system is disrupted, change can occur at any point in the system. 3. Which phrase is descriptive of homosexual or gay-lesbian families? • Nurturing environment is lacking • Stability needed to raise healthy children is lacking • Sexual identities of children are at risk • Family environment can be just as healthy as any other Family environment can be just as healthy as any other 4. Studies of families with only one child indicate that only children • tend to be selfish. • are similar to firstborn children. • are less stimulated toward achievement. • grow up lonely and dependent on adults. are similar to firstborn children. 5. Which is appropriate advice for parents who are preparing to tell their children about their decision to divorce? • Avoid crying in front of children. • Avoid discussing the reason for the divorce. • Give reassurance that the divorce is not the children's fault. • Give reassurance that the divorce will not affect most aspects of the children's life. Give reassurance that the divorce is not the children's fault. 6. A nurse is assessing a family for effective coping and defensive strategies. The family social system theory the nurse will use is the • family systems theory, as derived from general systems theory. • Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment, and Adaptation. • family developmental theory. • family stress theory. family stress theory. 7. Research notes that birth position of children affects their personalities. According to ordinal position, what is a characteristic of the youngest child? • Able to identify more with their parents than with their peers • Are expected to do more household chores • More dependent than firstborn children • Are more flexible in their thinking Are more flexible in their thinking 8. A camp nurse is assessing a group of children attending summer camp. Based on the nurse's knowledge of special parenting situations, which group of children is at risk for a sense of belonging? • Children adopted as infants • Children recently placed in foster care • Children whose parents recently divorced • Children who recently gained a stepparent Children recently placed in foster care 9. A 7-year-old child tells the nurse, "Grandpa, Mommy, Daddy, and my sister live at my house." Based on the nurse's knowledge of family structure and function, the nurse identifies this family structure as a • binuclear family. • extended family. • reconstituted family. • traditional nuclear family. extended family. 10. A nurse is reviewing a family history and notes that the parents are married and living in the same household. This description would be documented as which type of family relationship? • Consanguineous • Affinal • Family of origin • Communal Affinal 11. The main objective of the nursing role in the community is to focus on • cost of health care. • emergency management. • population-based programs. • wellness and health promotion. wellness and health promotion. 12. Which is objective information that can be found in a community? • Individuals from the community who report on the level of food insecurity • A phone book detailing the community resources • The mayor's reports about the level of homelessness in the community • A family member's statements on the lack of resources available in the community A phone book detailing the community resources 13. With regard to the varied definitions of the term, family, which variable would best represent the psychological definition? • Focus on childbearing attributes • Productivity of its members • Interpersonal skill development • Consanguineous relationships Interpersonal skill development 14. A nurse is performing a family assessment and determines that the family unit structure is composed of a father, mother, step-father, two children, a boy and a girl, and the maternal grandparents all living in the same residence. Based on this information, the nurse would indicate which family type in the electronic health record? • Nuclear and extended • Extended • Blended • Blended and extended Blended and extended 15. In reviewing the child's family history, documentation indicates that the child is living in a household in which the two adult caregivers are not married but still continue to care for the child. This represents which type of family structure? • Polygamous • Binuclear • Nuclear • Communal Binuclear 16. A nurse observes a parent-child interaction in which the parent acts indifferently to the child's continued efforts to play with a water cooler in the clinic's waiting room resulting in a small amount of flooding in the area of the room. Based on this assessment, the nurse would determine that the parent's childrearing style would be noted as: • authoritarian. • permissive. • authoritative. • directive. permissive [Show Less]
- Exam
- $14.95
- 0
- 101
Chapter 1: Perspectives of Pediatric Nursing Questions and Answers 2023
The clinic nurse is reviewing statistics on infant mortality for the United States versus other countries. Compared with other countries that have a popula... [Show More] tion of at least 25 million, the nurse makes which determination? a. The United States is ranked last among 27 countries. b. The United States is ranked similar to 20 other developed countries. c. The United States is ranked in the middle of 20 other developed countries. d. The United States is ranked highest among 27 other industrialized countries. ANS: A Although the death rate has decreased, the United States still ranks last in infant mortality among nations with a population of at least 25 million. The United States has the highest infant death rate of developed nations. Which is the leading cause of death in infants younger than 1 year in the United States? a. Congenital anomalies b. Sudden infant death syndrome c. Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight d. Maternal complications specific to the perinatal period ANS: A Congenital anomalies account for 20.1% of deaths in infants younger than 1 year compared with sudden infant death syndrome, which accounts for 8.2%; disorders related to short gestation and unspecified low birth weight, which account for 16.5%; and maternal complications such as infections specific to the perinatal period, which account for 6.1% of deaths in infants younger than 1 year of age. What is the major cause of death for children older than 1 year in the United States? a. Heart disease b. Childhood cancer c. Unintentional injuries d. Congenital anomalies ANS: C Unintentional injuries (accidents) are the leading cause of death after age 1 year through adolescence. The leading cause of death for those younger than 1 year is congenital anomalies, and childhood cancers and heart disease cause a significantly lower percentage of deaths in children older than 1 year of age. In addition to injuries, what are the leading causes of death in adolescents ages 15 to 19 years? a. Suicide and cancer b. Suicide and homicide c. Drowning and cancer d. Homicide and heart disease ANS: B Suicide and homicide account for 16.7% of deaths in this age group. Suicide and cancer account for 10.9% of deaths, heart disease and cancer account for approximately 5.5%, and homicide and heart disease account for 10.9% of the deaths in this age group. The nurse is planning a teaching session to adolescents about deaths by unintentional injuries. Which should the nurse include in the session with regard to deaths caused by injuries? a. More deaths occur in males. b. More deaths occur in females. c. The pattern of deaths does not vary according to age and sex. d. The pattern of deaths does not vary widely among different ethnic groups. ANS: A The majority of deaths from unintentional injuries occur in males. The pattern of death does vary greatly among different ethnic groups, and the causes of unintentional deaths vary with age and gender. What do mortality statistics describe? a. Disease occurring regularly within a geographic location b. The number of individuals who have died over a specific period c. The prevalence of specific illness in the population at a particular time d. Disease occurring in more than the number of expected cases in a community ANS: B Mortality statistics refer to the number of individuals who have died over a specific period. Morbidity statistics show the prevalence of specific illness in the population at a particular time. Data regarding disease within a geographic region, or in greater than expected numbers in a community, may be extrapolated from analyzing the morbidity statistics The nurse should assess which age group for suicide ideation since suicide in which age group is the third leading cause of death? a. Preschoolers b. Young school age c. Middle school age d. Late school age and adolescents ANS: D Suicide is the third leading cause of death in children ages 10 to 19 years; therefore, the age group should be late school age and adolescents. Suicide is not one of the leading causes of death for preschool and young or middle school-aged children. Parents of a hospitalized toddler ask the nurse, "What is meant by family-centered care?" The nurse should respond with which statement? a. Family-centered care reduces the effect of cultural diversity on the family. b. Family-centered care encourages family dependence on the health care system. c. Family-centered care recognizes that the family is the constant in a child's life. d. Family-centered care avoids expecting families to be part of the decision-making process. ANS: C The three key components of family-centered care are respect, collaboration, and support. Family-centered care recognizes the family as the constant in the child's life. The family should be enabled and empowered to work with the health care system and is expected to be part of the decision-making process. The nurse should also support the family's cultural diversity, not reduce its effect. The nurse is describing clinical reasoning to a group of nursing students. Which is most descriptive of clinical reasoning? a. Purposeful and goal directed b. A simple developmental process c. Based on deliberate and irrational thought d. Assists individuals in guessing what is most appropriate ANS: A Clinical reasoning is a complex developmental process based on rational and deliberate thought. When thinking is clear, precise, accurate, relevant, consistent, and fair, a logical connection develops between the elements of thought and the problem at hand. Evidence-based practice (EBP), a decision-making model, is best described as which? a. Using information in textbooks to guide care b. Combining knowledge with clinical experience and intuition c. Using a professional code of ethics as a means for decision making d. Gathering all evidence that applies to the child's health and family situation ANS: B EBP helps focus on measurable outcomes; the use of demonstrated, effective interventions; and questioning what is the best approach. EBP involves decision making based on data, not all evidence on a particular situation, and involves the latest available data. Nurses can use textbooks to determine areas of concern and potential involvement. Which best describes signs and symptoms as part of a nursing diagnosis? a. Description of potential risk factors b. Identification of actual health problems c. Human response to state of illness or health d. Cues and clusters derived from patient assessment ANS: D Signs and symptoms are the cues and clusters of defining characteristics that are derived from a patient assessment and indicate actual health problems. The first part of the nursing diagnosis is the problem statement, also known as the human response to the state of illness or health. The identification of actual health problems may be part of the medical diagnosis. The nursing diagnosis is based on the human response to these problems. The human response is therefore a component of the nursing diagnostic statement. Potential risk factors are used to identify nursing care needs to avoid the development of an actual health problem when a potential one exists. The nurse is talking to a group of parents of school-age children at an after-school program about childhood health problems. Which statement should the nurse include in the teaching? a. Childhood obesity is the most common nutritional problem among children. b. Immunization rates are the same among children of different races and ethnicity. c. Dental caries is not a problem commonly seen in children since the introduction of fluoridated water. d. Mental health problems are typically not seen in school-age children but may be diagnosed in adolescents. ANS: A When teaching parents of school-age children about childhood health problems, the nurse should include information about childhood obesity because it is the most common problem among children and is associated with type 2 diabetes. Teaching parents about ways to prevent obesity is important to include. Immunization rates differ depending on the child's race and ethnicity; dental caries continues to be a common chronic disease in childhood; and mental health problems are seen in children as young as school age, not just in adolescents. The nurse is planning care for a hospitalized preschool-aged child. Which should the nurse plan to ensure atraumatic care? a. Limit explanation of procedures because the child is preschool aged. b. Ask that all family members leave the room when performing procedures. c. Allow the child to choose the type of juice to drink with the administration of oral medications. d. Explain that EMLA cream cannot be used for the morning lab draw because there is not time for it to be effective. ANS: C The overriding goal in providing atraumatic care is first, do no harm. Allowing the child a choice of juice to drink when taking oral medications provides the child with a sense of control. The preschool child should be prepared before procedures, so limiting explanations of procedures would increase anxiety. The family should be allowed to stay with the child during procedures, minimizing stress. Lidocaine/prilocaine (EMLA) cream is a topical local anesthetic. The nurse should plan to use the prescribed cream in time for morning laboratory draws to minimize pain. Which situation denotes a nontherapeutic nurse-patient-family relationship? a. The nurse is planning to read a favorite fairy tale to a patient. b. During shift report, the nurse is criticizing parents for not visiting their child. c. The nurse is discussing with a fellow nurse the emotional draw to a certain patient. d. The nurse is working with a family to find ways to decrease the family's dependence on health care providers. ANS: B Criticizing parents for not visiting in shift report is nontherapeutic and shows an underinvolvement with the parents. Reading a fairy tale is a therapeutic and age appropriate action. Discussing feelings of an emotional draw with a fellow nurse is therapeutic and shows a willingness to understand feelings. Working with parents to decrease dependence on health care providers is therapeutic and helps to empower the family The nurse is aware that which age group is at risk for childhood injury because of the cognitive characteristic of magical and egocentric thinking? a. Preschool b. Young school age c. Middle school age d. Adolescent ANS: A Preschool children have the cognitive characteristic of magical and egocentric thinking, meaning they are unable to comprehend danger to self or others. Young and middle school-aged children have transitional cognitive processes, and they may attempt dangerous acts without detailed planning but recognize danger to themselves or others. Adolescents have formal operational cognitive processes and are preoccupied with abstract thinking The school nurse is assessing children for risk factors related to childhood injuries. Which child has the most risk factors related to childhood injury? a. Female, multiple siblings, stable home life b. Male, high activity level, stressful home life c. Male, even tempered, history of previous injuries d. Female, reacts negatively to new situations, no serious previous injuries ANS: B Boys have a preponderance for injuries over girls because of a difference in behavioral characteristics, a high activity temperament is associated with risk-taking behaviors, and stress predisposes children to increased risk taking and self-destructive behaviors. Therefore, a male child with a high activity level and living in a stressful environment has the highest number of risk factors. A girl with several siblings and a stable home life is low risk. A boy with previous injuries has two risk factors, but an even temper is not a risk factor for injuries. A girl who reacts negatively to new situations but has no previous serious illnesses has only one risk factor. The school nurse is evaluating the number of school-age children classified as obese. The nurse recognizes that the percentile of body mass index that classifies a child as obese is greater than which? a. 50th percentile b. 75th percentile c. 80th percentile d. 95th percentile ANS: D Obesity in children and adolescents is defined as a body mass index at or greater than the 95th percentile for youth of the same age and gender. The nurse is teaching parents about the types of behaviors children exhibit when living with chronic violence. Which statement made by the parents indicates further teaching is needed? a. "We should watch for aggressive play." b. "Our child may show lasting symptoms of stress." c. "We know that our child will show caring behaviors." d. "Our child may have difficulty concentrating in school." ANS: C The statement that the child will show caring behaviors needs further teaching. Children living with chronic violence may exhibit behaviors such as difficulty concentrating in school, memory impairment, aggressive play, uncaring behaviors, and lasting symptoms of stress The nurse is evaluating research studies according to the GRADE criteria and has determined the quality of evidence on the subject is moderate. Which type of evidence does this determination indicate? a. Strong evidence from unbiased observational studies b. Evidence from randomized clinical trials showed inconsistent results c. Consistent evidence from well-performed randomized clinical trials d. Evidence for at least one critical outcome from randomized clinical trials had serious flaws ANS: B Evidence from randomized clinical trials with important limitations indicates that the evidence is of moderate quality. Strong evidence from unbiased observational studies and consistent evidence from well-performed randomized clinical trials indicates high quality. Evidence for at least one critical outcome from randomized clinical trials that has serious flaws indicates low quality. An adolescent patient wants to make decisions about treatment options, along with his parents. Which moral value is the nurse displaying when supporting the adolescent to make decisions? a. Justice b. Autonomy c. Beneficence d. Nonmaleficence ANS: B Autonomy is the patient's right to be self-governing. The adolescent is trying to be autonomous, so the nurse is supporting this value. Justice is the concept of fairness. Beneficence is the obligation to promote the patient's well-being. Nonmaleficence is the obligation to minimize or prevent harm The nurse manager is compiling a report for a hospital committee on the quality of nursing-sensitive indicators for a nursing unit. Which does the nurse manager include in the report? a. The average age of the nurses on the unit b. The salary ranges for the nurses on the unit c. The education and certification of the nurses on the unit d. The number of nurses who have applied but were not hired for the unit ANS: C Nursing-sensitive indicators reflect the structure, process, and outcomes of nursing care. For example, the number of nursing staff, the skill level of the nursing staff, and the education and certification of nursing staff indicate the structure of nursing care. The average age of the nurses, salary range, and number of nurses who have applied but were not hired for the unit are not nursing-sensitive indicators. Which responsibilities are included in the pediatric nurse's promotion of the health and well-being of children? (Select all that apply.) a. Promoting disease prevention b. Providing financial assistance c. Providing support and counseling d. Establishing lifelong friendships e. Establishing a therapeutic relationship f. Participating in ethical decision making ANS: A, C, E, F The pediatric nurse's role includes promoting disease prevention, providing support and counseling, establishing a therapeutic relationship, and participating in ethical decision making; a pediatric nurse does not need to establish lifelong friendships or provide financial assistance to children and their families. Boundaries should be set and clear. The nurse is conducting a teaching session for parents on nutrition. Which characteristics of families should the nurse consider that can cause families to struggle in providing adequate nutrition? (Select all that apply.) a. Homelessness b. Lower income c. Migrant status d. Working parents e. Single parent status ANS: A, B, C Families that struggle with lower incomes, homelessness, and migrant status generally lack the resources to provide their children with adequate food intake, nutritious foods such as fresh fruits and vegetables, and appropriate protein intake. Working parents and single parent status do not mean the families will struggle to provide adequate nutrition. The nurse is preparing to complete documentation on a patient's chart. Which should be included in documentation of nursing care? (Select all that apply.) a. Reassessments b. Incident reports c. Initial assessments d. Nursing care provided e. Patient's response of care provided ANS: A, C, D, E The patient's medical record should include: initial assessments, reassessments, nursing care provided, and the patient's response of care provided. Incident reports are not documented in the patient's chart. [Show Less]
- Exam
- $12.95
- 0
- 160
Pediatric Nursing Exam 1 (University of Akron) Questions and Answers 2023
Growth Physical A physiologic increase in size through cell multiplication/differentiation Development -The physiological, psychosocial, and cogn... [Show More] itive changes occuring over ones life span due to growth, maturation and learning. -assumes orderly and specific situations lead to a new activities and behavior patterns Infant stage B-1yr Toddler stage 1-3yr Preschool stage 3-6yr School age stage 6-12yr Adolescent stage 12-19yrs + Development is _________ and __________ orderly and sequential Onset and length of development _________ but basic sequence is ___________ varies; same Principles of growth/development 8 -development is orderly and sequential -dev is directional (cephalocaudal/proximodistal) -dev is unique to each child (may be advanced in one area but delayed in another) -dev is interrelated (CNS matures before cognitive development) -dev becomes increasingly differentiate/specific/skillfull -dev becomes increasingly integrated/complex -children are competent -new skills predominate Psychoanalytic theories of human development 1 freud; psychosexual 2 Erikson: psychosocial Cognitive-structural theory of human development Piaget's stages of cognitive dev Freud's psychosexual stages Id, ego, superego Oral stage Anal stage Phalic stage Latency Genital stage Id Primitive, instinctive, subconscious Ego Relationships, mediates ID vs external real world Superego Ideal self Feelings of guilt, reward Controls ids impulses and persuades ego to strive for perfection -developed in phallic stage Freud's Oral stage -b-1yr infant -focuses on learning through the mouth via eating/teething Freud's anal stage -1-3yr toddler -toilet training Freud's phalic stage -3-6yrs preschool -males vs females Freud's latency stage -6-12yrs school age -latent sexualit Freud's genital stage -12+ adolescent -puberty/sexuality emerges Erikson's psychosocial development stages -studied and built on freud -trust vs mistrust (B-1yr) -Autonomy vs shame/doubt 1-3yr -Initiative vs guilt 3-6yrs -industry vs inferiority 6-12yrs -identity vs role confusion 12-18yrs Trust vs mistrust stage Infant is totally dependant on caregiver develops trust or mistrust if not cared for properly Autonomy vs shame/doubt Walking/investigates environment Initiative vs guilt Children start activities / give you the rules for games Industry vs inferiority Grades/sports Identity vs role confusion sense of belonging Piaget's cognitive stages development How we critically think -sensorimotor (primary cirular reactions, secondary ciricular reactions and secondary schema) -preoperational -concrete operational -formal operations Piaget's sensorimotor stage B-2yrs Learns through senses/motor capabilities Piaget's preoperational stage 5 2-7yrs Before logic -develops an understanding of the past/present/future -no concept of irreversibility (no centration;and conservation) -fantasy: easter bunny/santa Centration Focusing on only one aspect of a thing at once. Ex: know what a dog is, focuses on it having 4 legs= anything with 4 legs is dog Conservation Children cannot tell beakers have same amount of water because they are different sizes Piaget's concrete operational stage 5 -7-11yrs -understand the basic properties of and relationships between objects/events -are limited to their own experiences through trial/error -have to see/feel to understand -ex every child has lucky charms for bfast because they do Piaget's Formal operational stage -12=yrs -abstract thinking -ex. hope/love Proximodistal development -Dev progresses from center of body to extremities. - child develops arms before fingers -mass to specific dev occurs as the child learns general/more simplified tasks before specific complex ones Cephalocaudal development -development occurs along the body's long axis -head down Early identification of dev disorders is critical to the well-being of children/families. It is an integral function of the primary care medical home and an appropriate responsibility of all peds health workers yup How does the American Academy of Pediatrics define dev screening? Administration of a brief standardized tool which aids in the identification of children who are at risk of delay What is a developmental disorder? -conditions that begin in childhood and manifest as physical, psychological, cognitive or speech impairments Developmental screening tools, must have a sensitivity/specificity of what to be valid? -must have sensitivity/specificity of 70%+ -ages/stages questionnaire -parents evaluation of dev status (PEDS) -infant developmental inventory -childhood developmental review parent questionnaire (CDR-PR) Consequences of not using dev screening and what % are not identified in a timely manner? -children with dev delays often have higher anxiety, lower self esteem, more depression, learning problems in school -less involved -less popular cause they aren't achieving -currently 60-80% of those with delays are not identified in a timely manner [Show Less]
- Exam
- $16.95
- 0
- 207
Pediatric Nursing Content Post Test- HURST Questions and Answers 2023
A 7 month old is being evaluated in the emergency department for a possible head injury following a reported fall from the parent's bed. What would the nur... [Show More] se consider when evaluating the fontanels for evidence of increased intracranial pressure? Choose One 1. The anterior fontanel should be open at 7 months of age. 2. The anterior fontanel closes at 2 to 4 months of age. 3. The posterior fontanel should be open at 7 months of age. 4. The posterior fontanel closes at 4 to 6 months of age. 1 Rationale 1. Correct: The anterior fontanel closes between 12 to 18 months of age. The nurse could assess the anterior fontanel in this 7 month old with a normal finding being soft and flat. A bulging anterior fontanel would be indicative of increased intracranial pressure. 2. Incorrect: The anterior fontanel does not close until 12 to 18 months of age. Closure before this time would be considered premature closure which could affect brain growth. 3. Incorrect: The posterior fontanel should be closed in this client. The posterior fontanel is expected to close at 2 to 3 months of age. Therefore, the posterior fontanel would not be useful for assessing for increased intracranial pressure in this 7 month old. 4. Incorrect: The posterior fontanel closes at 2 to 3 months of age, not 4 to 6 months, and would be expected to be closed in this 7 month old infant. The nurse provided a community safety presentation for parents and included car seat safety. Which would demonstrate to the nurse that the parents correctly understood the teaching for a 2 month old weighing 10 pounds (4.55 kg)? Choose One 1. The car seat is placed upright in the rear facing position in the front passenger seat. 2. Padding is placed under the young infant's head in the semi-reclined car seat in a rear facing position. 3. The car seat is secured in the side of the rear seat in a reclined, front-facing position. 4. The car seat is placed semi-reclined in the middle of the back seat in a rear-facing position. 4 Rationale 4. Correct: The guideline for infants < 20 pounds (9kg) is to place them in the middle of the back seat in a rear-facing, semi-reclined car seat. This provides the best protection for their heavy head and weak neck. 1. Incorrect: Infants and young children should never be placed in the front passenger seat, regardless of the direction that the car seat is facing. 2. Incorrect: Padding should not be placed under or behind an infant or child in the car seat because this could become compressed during a crash and cause slackness in the car seat harness. The infant or child could then be ejected from the car seat. 3. Incorrect: Although the car seat is in the back seat, it should be rear-facing, not front-facing, for this 2 month old infant. Also, the middle of the back seat is preferable for car seat placement. A parent voices concern because the 6 year child has not been eating as much in the last 3 months. What response from the nurse would be appropriate? Choose One 1. "You need to make the child eat more frequent meals to avoid becoming anorexic." 2. "This is not unusual in this age child because the growth rate has slowed down." 3. "Try providing high calorie foods that the child likes to increase the calories to 3500 per day." 4. "You are just being overly cautious. There is no need to worry about how much the child eats." 2 Rationale 2. Correct: Think about normal growth and development here. Remember that the growth rate slows down in the school age child between 6 and 12 years of age. Therefore, they may not seem as hungry as they are during periods of growth spurts. 1. Incorrect: Forcing a child to eat can cause aversions to foods. There is nothing in the stem to indicate that the child is losing an abnormal amount of weight or is showing signs of anorexia. Although it can start this early, anorexia is not a problem that is generally seen in this age child. 3. Incorrect: This 6 year old child needs foods that are healthy but yet provide the calories needed. However, since the growth rate has slowed, the caloric needs at this age is about 2400 calories per day. Giving high calorie foods and increasing this to 3500 calories per day could lead to unhealthy weight gain and poor overall nutrition. 4. Incorrect: This response dismisses the parent's concern and does not address the issue. The parent should be provided with an explanation that this age child's appetite often decreases in relation to a decrease in the growth rate. However, the parent should be told that if weight loss or other problems begin to be noted, further evaluation may be needed. A nurse is preparing to obtain vital signs on a 2 year old. What should the nurse consider when preparing to perform this task? Choose One 1. The blood pressure should be obtained first to get an accurate reading. 2. Count the RR and HR for 30 seconds to avoid prolonged disturbance. 3. If the child becomes upset, record the behavior with the measurements. 4. The axillary route is the most reliable route for checking the temperature. 3 Rationale 3. Correct: Infants, toddlers, and young children often become anxious or upset during procedures, such as vital sign measurement, and we know that this activity could affect the vital sign results. Nurses or other healthcare providers would need this information to consider when evaluating the results. 1. Incorrect: We want to obtain the least invasive vital sign first. Start with observation before touching the child. What vital sign can you get by observing? Yes! Respirations! 2. Incorrect: In infants and toddlers, it is important to count the RR and HR for one full minute because of irregularities due to their immature nervous system regulation. 4. Incorrect: The rectal route is considered the most reliable route for assessing the temperature in infants and children. A 5 year old girl is upset and saying she is to blame for her brother getting hit by a car on his bike because she was mad at him earlier and wanted to hit him. What does the nurse recognize this type thinking to be in a child? Choose One 1. Abstract 2. Egocentric 3. Animism 4. Magical 4 Rationale 4. Correct: Magical thinking is common in young children and is the belief that the world around them can be influenced or impacted by their own thoughts, desires, or wishes. Therefore, when something happens that is related to their thoughts, the child may perceive that it occurred because of those thoughts. This child may have connected the thoughts of being upset with the brother and the desire to hit him with the aspect of the car hitting him later. Other times, this magical thinking may be linked to a desire to make positive things happen by their thoughts. The interesting part about magical thinking is that young children may believe that they can make things or events in life be anything or anyway they want them to be. 1. Incorrect: Abstract thinking is the ability to think about objects, ideas, and principles that do not physically exist. It is the ability to understand relationships, critically think or reason, and think symbolically using a symbol to substitute for an object or idea. It is a higher level of thinking that begins in adolescence but does not fully mature until adulthood. 2. Incorrect: Egocentric thinking is where the child thinks the world revolves around them. "It's all about me, me, me!" 3. Incorrect: Animism is the child's way of thinking in which they believe that inanimate objects have feelings, thoughts, and abilities like living things. They think that non-living things behave just like humans. A child, admitted to the emergency department is noted to be drooling and has dysphagia. No cough is noted, and the child appears worse than the sound indicates. The parent states the child seemed "fine" when put to bed. History reveals that the child has not received some of the recommended immunizations. What should the nurse anticipate as part of the care for this child? Choose One 1. Placement in the lateral, supine position. 2. Prompt initiation of respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin. 3. Transfer to OR for placement of ET tube. 4. Oral dose of dexamethasone. 3 Rationale 3. Correct: Did you recognize these symptoms as being characteristic of epiglottitis? Yes! It is considered a medical emergency in which there can be rapid progression to severe respiratory distress due to airway occlusion. An endotracheal tube (ET) may be needed, but it is best for the child to be in the OR where anesthesia can be administered, and an emergency trach can be performed if the airway is too occluded for the passage of the ET tube. 1. Incorrect: Did you pick the lateral, supine position because there is drooling present? Don't let that trick you here. The drooling occurs because of the degree of inflammation affecting the epiglottis. Because of the potential for rapid progression of respiratory distress, we want to promote ease of respirations, minimize agitation, and allow the child to be in the position of comfort. A great position is to be upright being comforted in the parent's arms. 2. Incorrect: Respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin is not used for the treatment of epiglottitis. 4. Incorrect: Although steroids may be used in the treatment of epiglottitis, you would never want to try to administer anything by mouth to this child who has drooling and dysphagia. The child can't swallow effectively! IV medication administration would be the route of choice in the acute period. A 7 month old infant is brought to the emergency department with a sudden onset of inconsolable crying and currant jelly-like stools. The infant is drawing up the knees toward the abdomen and grimacing. What diagnosis should the nurse anticipate? Choose One 1. Intussusception 2. Hirschsprung's Disease 3. Pyloric Stenosis 4. Meconium Ileus 1 Rationale 1. Correct: Intussusception is a condition in which a piece of the bowel telescopes in on itself, forming an obstruction. This causes a sudden onset of cramping and abdominal pain. The client tends to be inconsolable and draws the knees upward in response to the pain. The stool may appear normal at first and then currant jelly-like stools may be noticed as blood and mucus become mixed with the stool. 2. Incorrect: Hirschsprung's disease, known as aganglionic megacolon is a congenital anomaly in which there is an absence of nerves in a portion of the bowel, typically the sigmoid colon. This results in mechanical obstruction. Here, you would see constipation and abdominal distention. If stools are passed, they are often ribbon-like that have a foul smell. 3. Incorrect: Pyloric Stenosis is a condition in which there is enlargement of the pylorus. Symptoms include projectile vomiting due to the pressure that increases in the stomach as a result of the inability of the food to pass through the enlarged pylorus to the small intestine. 4. Incorrect: Meconium ileus is a bowel obstruction that results when the first infant stools (meconium) are thicker and stickier than normal. This blockage typically occurs in the ileum of the small intestines, and the cause of most cases of a meconium ileus in infants is cystic fibrosis. A teen male was diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis. What would be of most concern for the nurse when performing a history on this client? Choose One 1. Rides a bicycle three times a week 2. Plays on the varsity football team 3. Member of the swim team 4. Dances with the performing arts group 2 Rationale 2. Correct: With infectious mononucleosis, the liver and spleen are often enlarged. Therefore, participation in contact sports should be limited to prevent injury. We worry about splenic rupture with contact sports such as football. 1. Incorrect: Although many activities are reduced in the acute phase due to fatigue and general malaise, riding a bicycle would not be as potentially dangerous as contact sports. 3. Incorrect: Swimming is considered a low impact sport. The client may be on bedrest or have limited activity due to fatigue. The client may need to delay swimming activities during the acute phase, but this would not be as dangerous as participation in contact sports. 4. Incorrect: Dancing can be strenuous. The client may be on bedrest or have limited activity due to fatigue. The client may need to delay strenuous activities during the acute phase, but this would not be as dangerous as participation in contact sports. A child is admitted in a sickle cell crisis. What treatment should the nurse anticipate being most helpful in reducing the painful crisis? Choose One 1. Antibiotics 2. Oxygen 3. Hydration 4. Bedrest 3 Rationale 3. Correct: Hydration is crucial with a sickle cell crisis. It helps minimize the vaso-occlusive process that is causing the pain as it pushes the sickled cells apart, allowing them to flow through the vessels more freely. 1. Incorrect: Antibiotics may be needed if an infection is present, but this is not the most beneficial in reducing the painful crisis. 2. Incorrect: Oxygen does not reverse the sickling process and does not help improve circulation of the sickled cells that is occluding the vessels and causing the pain. It may be given to help improve hypoxia and prevent further sickling. 4. Incorrect: Bedrest is needed to help conserve O2. In addition, activity can lead to increased pain. However, it is not the treatment that is most helpful in reducing the blockage from the sickled cells that leads to the painful episodes. [Show Less]
- Exam
- $10.45
- 0
- 130
Purchase the bundle to get the full access instantly
- 3 Million+ Study Documents
- 100% Money Back Guarantee
- Immediate Download Access
Add To Cart
Reviews 0
Bundle Details
$41.95
- Trusted by 800,000+ Students
- 24/7 Money Back Guarantee
- Download is directly available
163
0
Seller Details
