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NLN PAX Questions with complete solutions 2023
Abrasions Scrapes Abstemious Discipline, self-denying, moderate Accolade honor, privilege, award, tribute Adamant Inflexible, stub... [Show More] born, insistent, Obstinate Adversaries Opponents Affinity empathy for, harmony Agrarian Farm production Allay reduce, diminish, decrease, lessen, alleviate, calm Aloof distant, detached, unfriendly Altruist Humanitarian, benevolent, unselfish Ambiguous open to more than one interpretation, double meaning, vague Amiable friendly, affable, amicable, cordial Anachronism belonging to another period other the present Animosity great ill - hostility, hatred Antediluvian Out of date, outmoded, antiquated, passé Antithesis opposite, contrary, reverse Apathy indifference, lack of interest Apex Highest point Ascetic self-discipline, self-denying Bauble Trinket, Ornament, Frippery Bedlam Uproar, confusion, commotion, disorder Biennial once every two years Bigot Extremist, partisan, racist, sexist, chauvinist Bogus not genuine, not true, fake, false Brazen Bold, Shameless, defiant, impudent Cacophonous discordant Calamity Disaster Callous Heartless, cruel Callow Immature, juvenile, raw, untried, naive Candid truthful, outspoken, honest, sincere Canter a three-beat gait of a horse or other quadruped between a trot and a gallop Castes Social class Caterwauling Howling, Cry, Bark, howl, scream, wail Caustic Corrosive, Sarcastic, Bitter Celestial Heavenly Chaste Virginal Commonplace ordinary, not unusual Contiguous adjacent, neighboring, adjoining, abutting, connecting Convalescence Recuperation Conversant Familiar with, knowledgeable about Convivial Pleasant Cowardly Pusillanimous, Lack of courage Cryptic enigmatic Damper mold, wet Deference respect, obedience, surrender Demure modest, reserved, bashful, proper, chaste Derisive mocking, insulting, sarcastic Disdainful Scornful - Disrespectful Dissident objector, protester, rebel, agitator, protesting, Rebellious Dogged tenacious, determined, purposeful Dogmatic insistent, adamant, authoritarian Domicile Residence Edible safe to eat, consumable, good to eat Edicts order, command, decree Elicit obtain, draw out, evoke, induce, provoke Empirically based on, concerned with, Enticements temptations, lure, allure, attraction Epilogue afterword, postscript, addendum Eroded dissolve, corrode, decay, destroy, deteriorate Essence nature Expiate make amends for, pay for it, redeem Explicit Clearly stated Fallow uncultivated, unplowed, inactive Falter hesitate, delay, stammer, and struggle, Unsteadily Fastidious Scrupulous, meticulous, critical, hard to please Flaccid soft Flippant Frivolous, disrespectful Florid red-faced, rosy, pink, blushing Flux continuous change, variability, instability, oscillation Furtive sneaky Gamut Range Garrulous very talkative Gauntlet glove, (accept or issue a challenge) Gibe an insulting or mocking remark Guile cunning, artfulness, slyness, Sly, clever Gullible Naïve Haughty proud, arrogant, vain, snobbish, superior, scornful Heresy unorthodoxy, atheism, dissension, disagreement Hoodwinked deceive, trick, fool, cheat Illicit Forbidding by law, illegal, criminal Impassionate emotional, heartfelt, sincere, fervent Impediment Hindrance, obstacle, barrier Impertinent rude, insolent, impolite Impervious Unaffected by, immune to, resistant to, impermeable Impetuous impulsive, rash, reckless, careless, without care Inalienable absolute, untransferable, nonnegotiable Incongruous not in harmony, inappropriate, unsuitable, odd Incredulous Disbelieving Increment larger amount Incumbent current, present, in office, in power Indelible permanent, lasting Indigent impoverished Indolent Lazy Indomitable invincible, unbeatable Infer deduction Intemperate Uncontrolled Interloper intruder, trespasser, invader Irrepressible Uncontrollable Itinerant migrant Knoll mound, rise, hill Laudable Deserves praise Limbo unfinished, postponed, deferred, unresolved Ludicrous foolish, unreasonable, ridiculous Lurid bright, brilliant, vivid, sensational Malingering pretends Menial Unskilled, lowly, humble Mercenary Avaricious Mirthful merry, amusing, jocund Momentum impetus, energy, force, power Necromancy sorcery, black magic, witchcraft, voodoo Nomenclature set of words and phrases Notorious infamous, scandalous, well known, famous Obdurate stubborn, obstinate, inflexible Obfuscate obscure, confuse, blur Oblivious Unaware Obnoxious Horrible, nasty , unpleasant, distasteful, offensive Obsequious Submissive Obsolescent dying out, on the decline, aging, Antiquated Obstreperous undisciplined, disorderly, difficult, hostile Omniscient all- knowing, all-wise Omnivore Plants and herbs Parley negotiation, conference, summit, discussion Partisan One side Pathos sadness, pitifulness poignancy, tragedy, evokes pity Penchant liking, fondness, partiality, whim, desire Pensive thoughtful Pernicious Harmful, destructive Perverse contrary, awkward, difficult, uncooperative Petty unimportant, minor, trivial Placate pacify, calm, appease, soothe Pliable easily shaped, flexible, elastic Powerless impotent Praiseworthy admirable, laudable, exemplary Presumptuous falling to observe the limits of what is permitted or appropriate Prolific Plentiful, abundant, profuse, fecund, rich Prologue introduction, foreword, preface, prelude Purport claims to be, pretend to be, rumored Quiescent inactive, inert, idle, dormant Quixotic idealistic and impractical Raconteur Storyteller Rapacious Grasping, greedy avaricious, covetous, mercenary, insatiable Ravenous Very hungry, voracious Recalcitrant uncooperative, rebellious, contrary Recondite obscure, abstruse, profound, difficult, complex Remission respite, rest, break, recess, symptoms disappeared Reprimand rebuke, admonish, reprove Reproved Reprimand - Warning Reticulated Constructed, arranged Saunter stroll, wander, walk, Relaxed Scornful superior, contemptuous, disrespectful [Show Less]
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NLN PAX RN Questions with correct Answers 2023
Alimentary canal definition begins at mouth, ends at anus... digestive system A neuron that transmits impulses from receptors to the spinal cord s... [Show More] ensory neuron Kinetic energy is at a maximum when the potential energy is... at a minimum, for example at the bottom of an incline The more rapid the vibration of sound is, the ____________ the __________ is higher, pitch What is the temperature during a phase change from liquid to gas? Temperature is constant at 100 degrees Celsius per 1 atm If the temperature rises to 300 degrees Celsius of a gas, the substance would do what? It would remain a gas.... it would change back to liquid or condense if heat was withdrawn Neutralization reactions from _____ and _______. Water and a salt What organ controls the amount of calcium in the blood? Parathyroid - Secreted PTH - Calcium low = release calcium - Calcium high = calcium deposits in bone Celsius to Farenheit equation 9/5 x Celsius + 32 What tells you that a formula is an alcohol? -OH If a car's rate of change of velocity is negative, the car is ________. Slowing down What type of solution is an alkaline solution? Basic What type of facilitation is needed to go down a concentration gradient? Active transport Which of these biological processes includes the other 3? a) cell respiration b) Krebs cycle c) ETC d) anaerobic splitting of glucose Cell respiration - Cell resp begins with splitting glucose. Products enter Krebs cycle and then ETC In the classification of 2 organisms, which of the following is the best evidence of a close relationship? a) # and arrangement of bones b) similar sequence of AA and proteins c) similar methods of sexual reproduction d) similar methods of cell respiration b) similar sequence of AA and proteins Bending of light Refraction What makes up proteins? Amino Acids Einsteins equation E=mc^2.... what does c represent? c = speed of light More energy is used pushing an object up an inclined plane than lifting the box straight up. Why is this? work is done against friction in pushing the box. Energy goes into counteracting friction Tip of crest to tip of crest in a wave is called wavelength Most of the work done by the human kidney occurs in the nephron Where is food stored in a growing embryo of a bean seed? The endosperm... large area inside the embryo In NaCl(aq), the solvent is __________. Water. Because (aq) implies that NaCl will be put into water What turns starch blue-black? Lugol's solution Ohm's law is the study of ___________. Electricity What temperature cannot occur? Anything below 0 Kelvin What organisms are Protists? fungi, ferns, mollusks What is a half life? One half life is the amount of time it takes for one half of the mass of a sample of radioactive substance to decay. Ex) Half life is 20 years for 12g. in 20 years.... 12/2 = 6g... in 40 years..... 6/2=3g Isotopes contain a different number of __________. But they have the same atomic number. Neutrons What makes up the atomic mass? Protons and Neutrons What makes up the atomic number? Protons and Electrons If you chew a bland cracker slowly, what will it fast like? And why? Sweet because the enzyme amylase breaks down starches to sugars A compound that acts like either an acid or a base amphoteric - water is an example What delivers oxygen in the blood? Red blood cells What part of the cell regulates intake and outtake from an animal cell? Plasma membrane If your gallbladder is removed, what substance will you have the most difficulty digesting? Fats... the gallbladder stores bile, made up of bile salts which digest and absorb fats The code of a gene is delivered to the protein producing region of a cell by ____________. m-RNA What is the function of a battery? Changes mechanical energy into electrical energy What does Benedict's solution test for? Glucose (sugars) - from clear blue to red for a positive rxn Atomic number # of protons Mass number # of protons and neutrons An atom has the same number of _______ and __________. Protons and electrons The pitch of a string is affected by thickness, length, and frequency Pitch is independent from amplitude - related to loudness Which part of a compound microscope adjusts the amount of light? diaphragm What term refers to the capacity of a microscope to distinguish between objects that lie close to each other? resolving power Equilibrium constant product of PRODUCTS / product of REACTANTS Which is a nonmetal? Na, Hg, S, Mn Sulfur is a nonmetal Machines cannot _______________ energy increase - this is due to the conservation of energy Power Equation Voltage x current A 36 W lamp is operated by a 9 v battery. How many amperes of current flow through? power = voltage x current 36W = 9V x current in amperes 36/9 = 4 amperes What are the sites of protein synthesis in a cell? ribosomes - which are located on the rough ER Aerobic respiration uses ________. Oxygen - oxygen will be a reactant What is acetylcholine? neurotransmitter - sends info from one neuron to the next [Show Less]
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NLN PAX Exam Questions and Answers 2022/2023
What is 6/19 expressed to the nearest thousandth place? 0.316. A 2 1/2 ounce piece of cheese supplies 240 calories. How many calories are supplied ... [Show More] by 1 ounce of cheese? 96. A beaker holds 12 1/2 ounces of a solution. How many 1 1/1 ounce vials can be filled from this beaker? 8 vials. A patient is to be given a medication for 84 hours. How many days does this time period cover? 3 1/2 days. A patient's temperature rose from 99.4 degrees F to 102.2 degrees F. How many degrees did it rise? 2.8 degrees F. An anti-allergy medication is 75% aspirin and 25% antihistamine. Aspirin costs 15 cents per gram and antihistamine costs 50 cents per gram. What will it cost to make one hundred 1g tablets of this medication? $23.75. Express 0.057 as a percentage. 5.70%. Express 125/1000 as a decimal. 0.125. Express 3% as a decimal. 0.03. Express 80% as a fraction. 4/5. Express 9/30 as a percentage. 30%. 5/8 of a yard is the same as what percentage of a yard? 62.5%. Following a heat stroke, a patient's temperature averaged 100.5 degrees F over a 4-day period. On the 5th and 6th days, the average temp was 99.0 degrees F. What was the average temp over the 6 days? 100.1 degrees F. How many milligrams (mg) are in 50 grams (g)? (0.5 g = 500 mg). 50,000 mg. How much simple interest will be paid on a $500 loan for 1 year if the annual interest rate is 6%? $30.00. If a=3 and b=6, what is the value of b to the a power? 216. If a hospital equipment salesperson receives a 12% commission, how much commission is paid when $16,000 worth of equipment is sold? $1,920.00 If x=4, x^3 = 64 Mr. Clark owns 150 shares of stock in the Acme Company and receives $180 per year in dividends. How much does Mrs. Grey receive for an annual dividend if she owns 400 shares in the same company? $480.00 Of 60 patients treated with a certain medication, 24 showed no improvement. What percent of patients improved? 60%. One kilometer (km) equals 0.6 miles. How many miles equal 2.75 km? 1.65. Solve: 8[7-3(12-5)/5] 8 The dosage of a certain medication is determined by a patient's body weight. This medication's dosage is 2.5 mg per kilogram of body weight. What would be the dose for a patient who weighs 72 pounds? (1 lb = 0.453 kg) (Doses are rounded to the nearest 25 mg). 75 mg. What is the area of a rectangle that is 4 feet wide and 9 feet long? 36 square feet. Which of these fractions equals 40%? 2/5 0.124 * 0.06 = 0.00744 127.670 - 39.68 = 87.99 2/5 + 3/10 = 7/10 350 is 40% of what number? 875 If a box is 24 inches long, 12 inches wide, and 6 feet tall, what is its volume? (V = LWH & express answer in cubic feet) 36. A commercial popcorn machine makes 12 pounds of popcorn, which can fill how many 4 ounce bags? 48. In Europe, a road sign indicates that the next town is 85 kilometers away. How far is this in miles? (1 km = 0.62 mi) 52.7 A nurse gave a patient 1/2 gram of medicine in the morning and again at night. During the day, the nurse gave the patient three doses of 1/4 gram each. What was the total number of grams for the day? 7 div 4 A nursing home allows its residents to be admitted with their pets. Last month, 8 of the 25 residents had their pets with them. What percentage of the residents is this? 32% A patients room is 10 feet wide and 15 ft long. If all rooms are built to the same proportions, what is the length of the room that is 18 ft wide? ??????? A person weighed 170 pounds at the beginning of the new year and weighed 158 pounds a few weeks later. How many kilograms did the person lose? (1 kg - 2.2 lbs) 5.45 kg A piece of cloth is 15 ft. long. If 2.1 ft at one end are damaged, how many feet of cloth are undamaged? 12.9 A student is reading a 434 page novel. He reads 112 pages on Monday, 98 pages on Tuesday & Wednesday, and 88 pages on Thursday. How many pages does he have left? 38 An ideal gas occupies a volume of 0.50 liter at a pressure of 0.20 atmosphere. What volume will the gas occupy at 0.40 atmosphere if the temperature remains constant? ????? During a sale, a bookstore reduced the price by 3/20 for each $25.00 book. The final sale price was: $21.25 Express 0.037 as a percent 3.70% If 15 our of every 200 patients admitted to a hospital remain longer than a week, how many of the 2,800 admissions in a given year were released within one week? 2,590 If 24% of the 50 students who enrolled in a chemistry course dropped out, how many remained? 38 If 4x + 3 = 7x - 9 then x = 4 If a hospital equipment salesman receives a 12% commission, how much commission is paid when $16,000 worth of equipment is sold? $1,920.00 How many miles equal 2.75 km? (1 km = 0.6 mi) 1.65 The concentration of allergens in an experimental sample of air is one part per billion. Which of these mathematical notations represents this concentration? ???? Which of these fractions is not equivalent to a terminating decimal number? 12 div 4. Zero can never be used as a divisor. [Show Less]
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Pax Exam Questions with complete solutions 2023
The heart is divided into how many chambers? 4 Blood leaves the right ventricle and goes to the_______. Lungs Which of the following does n... [Show More] ot help determine heart? 1.) body temperature 2.) physical activity 3.) concentration of ions 4.) anaerobic cellular metabolism 4.) Anaerobic cellular metabolism Which of the following is not considered a layer of the heart? 1.) epicardium 2.) endocardium 3.) myocardium 4.) vasocardium 4.) Vasocardium The hormone _______ can promote increased blood volume, and increased BP. Aldosterone An abnormally slow heartbeat is defined as _______. Bradycardia Blood is made of approximately _____% hematocrit and _____% plasma. 45%, 55% The right lung has _______ lobes; the left lung has _______. 3, superior, middle, inferior 2 superior, inferior A state of equilibrium within tissues is known as _______. Homeostatis Aerobic respiration in cells occurs in the _______. Mitochondria Which of the following terms matches the definition: collapse of a lung. Atelectasis The brain is made of _______ lobes. 4 The centers nervous system is composed of the _____ and the _____. Brain, spinal cord A state of inflammation of the mouth is known as... Stomatitis The most important male hormone is _______. Testosterone Which of the following functions are not related to the kidneys? 1.) filtration 2.) bile production 3.) secretion 4.) re-absorption 2.) Bile production Which of the following terms matches the definition: uncontrolled urination. 1.) enuresis 2.) diuretic 3.) pyuria 4.) ureteritis 1.) enuresis Auditory impulses are interpreted in the _______ lobes. Temporal The outer layer of the eye is the _______. Sclera Which of the following elements are not halogens? 1.) chlorine 2.) bromide 3.) iodine 4.) cesium 4.) cesium The inner layer of the eye is the _______. Retina The horizontal rows of the periodic table are called _______. Periods A/an _______ is the simplest unit of an element. Atom Compounds with various structures, but the same shape are called _______. Isomers Converting gas into a liquid is called _______. Condensation Which law describes: the volume of a gas varies indirectly with temperature with constant pressure. Charle's Law Which of the following is not true of a reaction catalysts potential? 1.) it can speed up a reaction 2.) it can cause a reaction 3.) it is never destroyed 4.) it is always found on the right side of an equation 4.) it is always found on the right side of an equation An acid is a substance that increases the _______ count in water. Hydrogen ion Which of the following terms matches the definition: energy conserved is with every process. 1st Law of Thermodynamics Using the 2nd Law of Newton identify the formula that is applicable. F = ma [Show Less]
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NLN PAX Exams Questions with correct Answers
An organism with chloroplast in its cell is probably a autotroph autotrophs are organisms that produce their own food from inorganic substances, p... [Show More] lants are autotrophs heterotrophs obtain their food by consuming plants or other animals. They are also referred to as consumers. Primary consumers may be herbivores herbivores plant eaters omnivores plant and meat eaters Secondary consumers are carnivores, meat eaters, or omnivores that eat herbivores. Tertiary consumers are carnivores that eat other carnivores or omnivores. What property of water allows someone to fill a glass slightly above the rim without the water flowing over? surface tension Water molecules are polar. This is due to the fact that oxygen draws the electrons in the molecule toward itself. Thus, there is a negative charge surrounding the oxygen and a positive charge around the hydrogen. The unbalanced charges cause the water molecules to cluster, and this gives the water the properties called surface tension. Surface tension is the the attraction between molecules at the surface of a liquid, which allows a glass to be filled above the rim without the water flowing over. The gap between the neurons are called synapses Which group of chemicals are not normally found in most living things? silicates Carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids (RNA and DNA) are all very important chemicals in living things. Silicates examples are in sand and glass The alimentary canal is associated with the the whole passage along which food passes through the body from mouth to anus. It includes the esophagus, stomach, and intestines. digestive tract The numerous villi in the small intestine serve to provide greater surface area for absorption As light passes obliquely from air to water, it is bent. The bending is called refraction refraction is the bending of light as it passes obliquely from one medium to another, in this case from air to water. The speed of light wave changes changes when it changes media. When the light wave enters the second medium at an oblique angle, it changes direction; the light wave is bent. diffraction refers to the spreading of light waves as they pass through a narrow opening reflection occurs when light bounces off an object. dispersion occurs when light is separated into its spectrum Which of the following organelles is not involved in protein synthesis? mitochondrion To be absorbed by cells, proteins must be changed into amino acids A neuron that transmits impulses from the receptors to the spinal cord is called a sensory neuron Potential energy can be thought of a function of height. Since total energy is always conserved, the kinetic energy is at its maximum when the potential is at its minimum. or at the bottom of the incline. Which group of organisms can helps prevent the accumulation of organic wastes in nature? mosses is an algae the correct answer is bacteria = bacteria comprise the decomposer portion of the food chain. They are responsible for recycling organic material into inorganic material that plants can use to undergo photosynthesis. As the eardrum is made to vibrate more rapidly, the sound is perceived as higher in pitch high pitch sounds are heard when the receptor cells closer to the oval window are stimulated, and low-pitch sounds result from the stimulation of the cells that are farther down the cochlea. The more rapid the vibration is, the higher the pitch In a field of pure white asters, a grower noticed a single blue aster. How could the grower test whether this change affected the gamete-producing cells of the plant? self-pollinate the flower, and plant the resulting seeds. Self pollination would allow the plant to produce gametes sperm and eggs that would unite and form seeds. Observing the color of the plants from these seeds would allow the planter to determine whether this change occurred at the level of the gametes. A human egg will develop into a female if it is fertilized by a sperm containing XX chromosome XY - male` In a food chain involving grass, grasshoppers, birds, and mammals, the original source of energy is sunlight Which of the following is an neutralization reaction? H2CO3 + Ca(OH)2 ---> 2H2O + CaCO3 Is an reaction between an acid (carbonic acid) and a base [Ca(OH)2] to form water and a salt. A reaction that removes essentially all H+ and OH- In the context of a chemical reaction the term neutralization is used for a reaction between an acid and a base acid + base → salt + water Acids are ionic compounds ( a compound with a positive or negative charge) that break apart in water to form a hydrogen ion (H+). Example: HCl (Hydrochloric acid) in water *Bases are ionic compounds that break apart to form a negatively charged hydroxide ion (OH-) in water. Example: NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide-a strong base) in water When oxygen goes from air in the lungs into the blood, it does so by diffusion Which of the following organs controls the amount of calcium in the blood? parathyroid They produce parathyroid hormone. Parathyroid hormone (PTH, parathormone) works antagonistically with calcitonin, which is produced in the thyroid gland. When calcium levels in the blood are low, PTH causes bone cells to break down and release calcium. When calcium levels are high, calcitonin causes calcium to deposit onto the bones. pituitary gland located under the brain hormones: growth-stimulating hormones, follicle stimulating hormones (FSH) thyroid - stimulating hormones function: master gland, controls other endocrine glands thyroid gland location: on the trachea, in the neck region hormones: thyroxin (iodine -containing compound) function: regulates metabolism parathyroid gland location: behind the thyroid gland hormones: parathormone function: regulates calcium metabolism adrenal gland location: on the kidneys hormones: adrenaline. steroids (cortisone) function: so-called flight or fight hormone, regulate water balance, blood pressure, joint articulation. isles of Langerhans location: pancreas hormones: insulin, glucagon function: control storage of sugar in liver and blood level sugar testes male glands location: male scrotum hormones: testosterone function: male secondary sex characteristics ovaries female glands location: pelvic region hormones: estrogen and progesterone function: female secondary sex characteristics, menstrual cycle Which of the following organs has the added function of producing digestive enzymes? the pancreas produces enzymes that take part in digestion. In addition, the pancreas produces hormones insulin and glucagon A reading on the Celsius scale is 5 degrees. On the Fahrenheit scale, the reading would be closest to Which of the following represents an alcohol? CH3COOH An alcohol is usually represented by structurally by the presence of an OH group attached to a hydrocarbon. The presence of a COOH group represents a carboxylic acid. If a car rate's of velocity is negative, the car is slowing down If a car's rate of change of velocity is negative, the car's acceleration is negative. This means that the car is decelerating (slowing down) Which of these nitrogenous bases may be found in RNA, but not DNA? uracil Adenine (A) pairs with Uracil (U), and Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G DNA 4 base sequences They complement each other in DNA as follows: Cytosine = Guanine and Adenine = Thymine A substance with a pH of 8 is a strong base Binary fission in paramecia and budding in yeast cells are examples of asexual reproduction only because cell division in both cases depends on mitosis Which of the following form an alkaline solution in water? An alkaline solution is one that is a pH higher than 7.0. For instance, venous blood, at a pH of 7.3, is an alkaline solution, as is household ammonia at a pH of 12. Generally, as you advance from 7.1 up through a pH of 14, the concentration of hydroxyl ions (OH-) also increases in solution. Mg(OH)2 The experiment uses the technique of chromatography paper chromatography is a method that uses the natural capillary action of liquids to separate substances into thir components. Which diagram represents a nonpolar covalent pond? page 226 #45 Cl2 The bonding between the chlorine atoms involves an equal sharing of electrons. HBr and NH3 are polar molecules with polar covalent bonds LICl is an ionic bond Certain seaweeds accumulate iodine in a concentration as much as a million times greater than that of a the surrounding ocean. This is due to active transport Since the concentration is so much in seaweed than in the surrounding water, iodine must have to move against a concentration gradient. Thus, the transport process using energy must be involved for the seaweed to accumulate such a great concentration of iodine. Single replacement reactions involve an element reacting with a compound. During this reaction, an atom of the single element replaces an element in the compound. For example Cl2 + 2NaBr ---> 2NaCl + Br2 Chlorine replaces bromine in the compound ` Which of the following organisms has a nutritive process most similar to that of animals? bread mold is a fungus. Fungi are unable to make their own food and are dependent on other life forms for nutrition. Fungi is a heterotrophs, however seaweed, grass and mold = autotrophs The solubility of a solid in a liquid generally increases with an increase in temperature but is unaffected by pressure. Pressure will only affect the solubility of a gas Which of these substances has the highest boiling point? water water molecules are attracted to each other by hydrogen bonds. Ethanol, glycerol, ether are dipoles, so the attraction between the molecules is minimal. In humans, if the diaphragm is pushed upward, there is a decrease in chest volume. The decrease is followed by an increase in pressure in the chest cavity and exhalation a decrease in volume results in an increase in pressure due to Boyle's law and thus exhalation Which of the biological processes includes the other three? cellular respiration cellular respiration begins with the splitting of glucose. The products then enter the Kreb's cycle and then then the electron transport chain. A 5 year old and her father each lifted identical chairs from the floor to a table top. Which person did the most work? They both did the same amount An excess of which of the following ions tends to make a solution acidic? Hydronium ions or H3O+ are essentially hydrogen ions combined with a nearby water molecule. In essence, acids are characterized by the presence of hydrogen or hydronium ions. In the classification of two organisms, which of the following is the best evidence of a close relationship? similar sequence of amino acids in their proteins A similarity in amino acids suggests a similarity in the structure of the DNA and thus a close relationship between two organisms. In Einstein equation, E = mc2 which does the c represent? speed of light means energy = mass x (speed of light)2 The vaporization of solid dry ice to gaseous carbon dioxide by heating is an example of sublimation is the direct vaporization of a solid by heating, without passing through a liquid phase On top of a mountain, the boiling point of water is lower than at sea level, because the atmospheric pressure is lower on the mountain the boiling point of a solution is the temperature at which the vapor pressure is equal to the pressure of the atmosphere. At the top of the mountain, the atmospheric pressure is lower, and thus the temperature it takes for the vapor pressure of a solution to reach this pressure is lowered. The organ in the human female that develops to nourish the embryo is called the the placenta is a highly vascular organ through which the fetus absorbs nutrients and excretes waste Which of these is an product of cellular respiration in animals? ATP Cellular respiration is an energy-yielding process that releases ATP from organic molecules. Ethanol is produced by fermentation. RNA has nothing to do with respiration. Oxygen is a reactant, not a product. What would be the likely result if all the bees and butterflies in an area were destroyed? fewer plant seeds would be produced The tiny projections in the small intestine adapted for absorption are called villi villi are tiny projections that are barely visible to the naked eye. They are clustered over the entire mucous surface of the small intestine, serving to increase surface area for absorption. Alveoli are in the lungs, nephrons are in the kidney, and venules are small veins. More energy is used in pushing a box up along an inclined plane to a height of 4 m than in lifting the box straight up to the same height. This is because work is done against friction in pushing the box along the plane Whenever, a box is pulled along the surface, energy goes into counteracting friction. The amount of energy required is determined by the coefficient of friction Which of the arrows in the following graph represents the wavelength of the wave shown? pg. 230 #6 The wavelength of a wave is defined as the distance between two successive crests Which type of circuit is shown? A parallel circuit is defined as a circuit with the same voltage across all of its resistors. The circuit components are connected like the rungs of a ladder. The device shown in the following circuit diagram consist if a copper wire wrapped around an iron rod and connected to a switch and a battery. When the switch is closed, the device could serve as an electromagnet Whenever a wire is wrapped around a rod and connected across a power source such as a battery, the device acts as a electromagnet. A student wants to grow a bacterial culture. Which of these environments is best suited for growing most kinds of bacteria? an incubator at 37 C A closed container of hydrogen gas is warmed from 20C to 25C. If the volume remains the same, what will happen to the pressure in the container? it will increase According to Gay-Lussac's law of gases, as temperature increases at a constant volume, pressure increases proportionally. The pressure will increase. Most of the work done in the human kidney occurs in the nephron the functional unit of the kidney is the nephron. Urine is formed in the nephron by the processes of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion Compounds with different molecular structures but the same formula are called isomers are compounds that have the same formula but different molecular structure. Isobars indicate the same pressure. Isotopes are atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers isotherms indicate the same temperature Vinegar is a common antidote for the ingestion of lye. What is the chemical process underlying this treatment? neutralization vinegar is an acid and lye is a base Bean seed diagram Which letter represents stored food for growing embryo? page 233` A points to the endosperm, which provides the growing embryo with nutrients. B and D point to the seed coat, an C points to the embryo. Objects X and Y are identical. In a laboratory, object X is dropped at the same moment that object Y is thrown horizontally. The paths followed by X and Y are shown in the following diagram X and Y will hit the ground simultaneously Any horizontal motion, such as that of an object Y, is irrelevant because it will not affect the time taken to drop that distance. Blue litmus paper will turn red when placed in a solution having which of the following pH values? 3 blue litmus paper turns red when placed in an acidic solution. A pH below 7 indicates an acid. The compound H2SO4 is an example of an acid H2SO4 is sulfuric acid. Acid may be defined as substances that release hydrogen ions in the solution as the only positive ions. Bases = OH salts = have neither H+ or OH- ions halogens = elements Which of the following is considered a principal ecological role of green plants in the environment? manufacturing food from simple materials Plants undergo photosynthesis, which allows them to make glucose from the simple materials carbon dioxide and water Page 236 = the apparatus shown is distillation of a solution The apparatus allows for two solvents to be separated from each other. For instance, assume the flask contains water and alcohol. Alcohol will boil first because it has a lower boiling point, and the gas will be collected in the ling tube, recondense, and collect in a second flask ( which is not shown). Thus, the alcohol can be separated from the water. Which of the following processes best explains this phenomenon? phototropism is the response to the stimulus of light, hydrotropism = external stimulus is water tropism = is the response of a plant to external stimuli as light. Wavelength, crests diagram solvent able to dissolve other substances: "osmotic, chemical, or solvent action" water solute the minor component in a solution, dissolved in the solvent. In a flask containing 500 mL of NaCl(aq), the solvent is water the notation the (aq) refers to an aqueous solution, indicating that the solvent is water In pea plants, plant height and seed color obey the law of independent assortment. If seeds are hybrid for both of these traits, how will their offspring most likely appear? some tall and some short, with either green or yellow seeds The law of independent assortment states that traits are passed onto offspring independently of each other. Thus, a seed may contain either of the height alleles and either of the color alleles. During the 1930's and through the 1950's. thousands of American children received x-ray treatment for swollen tonsils and adenoids. X rays are no longer used to treat this condition because large doses of radiation are thought to cause certain types of cancer A student studies a structure microscopically and notes that it contains glandular, cells. It has blood vessels entering and leaving it, but it has no duct leading out of the it. This structure must be an endocrine gland endocrine glands are ductless glands with blood vessels. Exocrine glands, such as digestive and tear glands, empty their secretions through ducts. Which laboratory solution turns starch blue to black? Lugol's solution (iodine plus potassium iodide) is an indicative that turns blue/black in the presence of solution Which type of body cells are most directly involved when a person walks uphill? striated muscle cells Muscles are the tissues mostly involved when a person is exercising. Smooth muscles is found in the lining of the organs such as the uterus. Skeletal muscles, such as that found in the muscles of the legs and arms, is striated. When red food coloring is added to a beaker of water, the coloring slowly spreads until the water is all colored pink. This is best explained by the process of diffusion In the diagram, a ray of light travels from air to glass page 239 which of these measuring instruments is needed to find the index of refraction of glass? A protractor a light beam is bent as it passes obliquely into a substance of greater optical density. The device used to measure an angle is a protractor Many chemical reactions occur more rapidly with platinum as a catalyst. At the end of the reaction, the platinum is found to be unchanged in weight A catalyst only affects the rate or speed of reaction and is not changed or consumed during it. Which formula represents a carbohydrate? C6H12O6 glucose structural formula an organelle near the nucleus of a cell that contains the centrioles (in animal cells) and from which the spindle fibers develop in cell division. When looking through a microscope, a student observes centrosomes in a group of cells. The cells are most likely from skin of a mouse a centrosome is an organelle found in animal cells Ohm's law is used to study of electricity Ohm's law applies to the application of electricity. It states that voltage (V) is proportional to current (I) and resistance (R) V =IR A cloud chamber is a device used for studying charged particles a cloud chamber makes the paths of ionizing radiation rays visible. The device reveals the paths of high-speed charged particles. Which of these temperatures could not occur? -10K 0K/zero kelvin is the absolute zero, which is the lowest possible temperature therefore, -10Kelvin could not occur Which organisms is classified as protisits? protozoa and algae How much of 12 g of a radioactive isotope with a half life of 20 years will be left after 40 years? 3 g Two atoms are isotopes if they have the same atomic number but a different number of neutrons A example of isotopes are carbon 12 and carbon 14. Both have the same atomic number (number of protons) but, although, carbon 12 contains 6 neutrons and carbon 14 contains 8 neutrons Shivering to maintain a 98.6F temperature in cold weather is an example of homeostasis The scientific name of a beaver is Castor Canadensis. Similarly, a coyote is Canis latrans, a mountain lion is Felis concolor, a wolf is Cantis lupus, and a cougar is Puma concolor. Which two of these animals belong to the same genus? coyote and wolf The wolf and coyote both belong to the genus Canis. The scientific name consist of the genus name and the species name The first step by which a mutation may occur is a change in the location of a nitrogen base in DNA The sequence of messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and amino acids in protein synthesis all depend on the sequence of DNA found in the nucleus. Thus, the first step in which a mutation may occur is at the level of the DNA, which is made up of a specific sequences of bases. In the equilibrium system A + B --->------< C = 30 kcal we can say that forward reaction is exothermic because heat is shown as one of the product. Exo = heat exiting out of the equation on the product side An exothermic reaction is a chemical reaction that releases energy by light or heat. Expressed in a chemical equation: reactants → products + energy. Many chemical reactions release energy in the form of heat, light, or sound. These are exothermic reactions. A compound that can act as like either an acid or base is described as amphoteric amphoteric substance can behave either as an acid or base. Water is an example, of an amphoteric substance because it can act as an acid by furnishing a proton, or it can act as a base by accepting a proton The diffusion of an water through a semipermeable membrane is called a osmosis Bean plant seeds are germinated in a dark closet. The seedlings lack the color green. Which of the following statements is the best explanation for this? the absence of an environmental factor limits its proper genetic expression. An organism that has jointed legs, an exoskeleton and a specialized segmented body belongs to the phylum arthropods and example of an arthropod is a lobster Nerve impulses from the retina are transmitted to the brain by the optic nerve Eustachian tube and auditory nerve are associated with ear olfactory nerve is associated with sense of smell In which of these structures does the normal development of human embryo occur? uterus The ovary releases the egg into the oviduct, or fallopian tube where it is fertilized. If fertilization occurs, the zygote travels to the uterus, where it implants itself and develops. In humans, which of the these blood components carriers most of the oxygen? red blood cells contains hemoglobin, which binds, transports, and delivers oxygen to throughout the body Question 8 on page 243 conditioned behavior refers to the association of behavior with a specific stimulus, in the case of tapping Compound A reacts with compound B to give compound C plus compound D and E as shown by the following equation A + B ----> C + D + E In a closed system, 7g A react with 4g B to give 2g C plus 3g E, how many grams of D are produced? 6 g The law of conservation of mass says that mass may be either creates or destroyed. Therefore, the mass of the reactants must be equal to the mass of the products. Which of the following statements best describes how pressure and volume are affected as a sample of ideal gas is heated in a rigid, sealed container? pressure will increase, and volume remains constant a rigid container implies no change in volume. According to Gay Lussac's law, at constant volume an increase in temperature causes an increase in pressure and vice versa. An object is traveling at a constant velocity of 100 m/sec. How far will it travel in 20 sec? 2,000 m 100m/sec x 20 sec - 2,000m A 36-W lamp is operate by a 9-v battery. How many amperes of current are flowing through the lamp? power = voltage x current 36 watts = 9V x current in amperes power watts V voltage current amperes Which of the following terms are included in the scientific name of an organism? genus and species genus and species make up the scientific name of an organism Which of the following would be classifies as a connective tissue? tendon connective tissue binds and supports other tissue. For example, tendons attach muscle to bone. Muscle is muscular tissue, epidermis is epithelial tissue, and nerve is nervous tissue The following is a diagram of endoplasmic reticulum. The structure labeled Z are the sites of protein synthesis. Z represents ribosomes There are 2 types of ER, rough and smooth. Rough ER is studded with ribosomes, which are the sites of protein synthesis. The entry and exit of materials in the animal cell are regulated by which of the cell organelles? plasma membrane The plasma membrane which is made up of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, is selectively permeable and regulates traffic into and out of the cell. Which of the following is a functional unit of the lung? alveolus Alveoli are the functional units of the lungs. The oviduct, or fallopian tube, conveys the released egg to the uterus. Malpighian tubules are excretory organs found in the insects. Nephron is the functional unit of the kidneys. If a patient gallbladder was removed from surgery, which of the following substances would he have the most difficultly digesting? fats The gallbladder stores bile, which is the substance produced by the liver. Bile contains bile salts, which aid in the digestion of and absorption of fats. Which of the following phenomena is most likely to speed the evolutionary rate of a species? increase in mutations Mutations of DNA are the original source of variation and alter the gene pool in a population. An increase in the number of mutations increase the variation in the gene pool and thus speeds up the evolutionary rate of a species. The code of a gene is delivered to the protein-producing region of a cell by m-RNA Messenger RNA Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a large family of RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome carries the information contained in DNA molecules to the ribosome where proteins are made t-RNA Transfer RNA carries amino acids to the ribosomes. ATP is involved in the storage of energy and not genetics. that transport amino acids from the cytoplasm of a cell to a ribosome. Which of the following particles are nucleons? neutrons and protons neutrons and protons are contained in the nucleus of an atom, whereas electrons reside outside of the nucleus. Quantities having both magnitude and direction are called vectors Which of the following statements best describes the functioning of a battery? it changes chemical energy into electrical energy in an electrochemical cell, which make up a battery, chemical energy is converted into electric current A 4-N newton and an 18N is acting in opposite directions on the same point of an object. The magnitude of their resultant is 14N When two forces act in opposite directions, the total force is determined by subtracting the smaller force from the larger one. Which of the following graphs represents an object at rest? page 247 #31 Displacement is the distance that an object is from some starting point. Graph 2 shows an object with constant displacement. It is not moving. Which of the following equations represents aerobic respiration? ` C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP Aerobic respiration is the breakdown of glucose and the formation of energy. 6CO2 + 12H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H20 The reaction shows in equation d is the reverse of aerobic respiration = photosynthesis C6H12O6 -> 2CO2 + 2C2H5OH +2ATP fermentation C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 -> C12H22O11 +H20 dehydration synthesis An overdose of muscle relaxant may cause a person to cease breathing because the diagram will be unable to contract the diagram must contract for inhalation to occur, and, as a muscle, the diaphragm is affected by the muscle relaxant A decrease in acetylcholine synthesis in humans most likely lead to a decrease in nerve impulse transmission acetylcholine is a common neurotransmitter. Neuro transmitters act as chemical messengers and spread information from one neuron to the next. An unknown substance is boiled with Benedict's solution. The brick red color that results is the presence of glucose Benedict's solution is used to indicate the presence of monosaccharides , glucose Which are herbivores? insects herbivories are animals that that feed on plants. Thus, insects are herbivores because they consume green plants. Ozone is an allotrope of oxygen O3 Ozone is an allotrope of oxygen. It is a molecule made up of more than two atoms of the same element Which of these values could be the pH of an acid rain sample? 4.0 acid = 0 - 6.9 acid pH range A specific isotope has an atomic number of 51 and a mass number of 122. How man electrons are contained in the neutral atom? 51 electrons The mass number is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons. The atomic number is the number of protons, which is always equal to the number of electrons in an neutral atom. A mixture such as mayonnaise is best described as an emulsion Mayonnaise is made up of oil, vinegar and eggs, which form a type of heterogeneous mixture called emulsion. An emulsion will eventually separate, while a solution will not. The terms "saturated" and "unsaturated" refer to solutions. Mixtures are not substances [Show Less]
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NLN PAX Exam Questions and Answers 2023
the nails and hair are a part of which body system? integumentary system if a homozygous red bird (RR) is crossed with a homozygous blue bird (rr),... [Show More] what is the probability that the offspring will have red feathers? 100% what are the main parts of the brain? Cerebrum, cerebellum and the medulla oblongata how many amino acids are required to make all the proteins necessary for life? 20 which of the following is NOT a type of natural lipid? supersaturated supersaturated is created from a supersaturated sugar solution the parathyroid gland is an endocrine system gland located behind the thyroid gland. what does the parathyroid gland help the body control? calcium and phosphorous levels the radius and the ulna are two bones found in which of the following locations? the forearm which of the following endocrine system glands is PRIMARILY responsible for regulating an individual's metabolism and energy? thyroid gland atoms are made up of all the following EXCEPY which one? isotopes consider the following categories for "Skin Diseases: Types of Lesions": Nodules, Pustules, Plaques, Ulcers, & ___ cysts what allows water to act as a versatile solvent? its polarity what characteristic of water allows for hydrogen bonding between molecules? its polar nature gastric fluid is an acidic substance. the pH value of gastric fluid would most likely be which of the following? 1.5 pH level goes less than 7=acidic 7=neutral higher than 7=bases how many chromosomes does a diploid cell contain? 46 which of the following solutions makes a new type of metal by combining solid solutions of other metals? alloys How many periods are on the periodic table? 7 which body system does the liver belong to? gastrointestinal (Digestive) system which body system functions to provide structural, protective, and metabolic needs? skeletal system which of the following is the deposition of a liquid or a solid from its vapor? condensation what is the oxidation number of an elemental atom? 0 the grouping of elements by their properties is known as what? the periodic table AG is the symbol for which element? silver when a liquid substance reached a specific temp it will transform into vapor. this is called what? the boiling point of the substance what is the normal human body temp in celsius? 37 degrees celsius an example of a synthesis chemical reaction S + O2 --> SO2 what type of cell is this? thin, flat, and bulged around the nucleus squamous what is responsible for the synthesis of lipids and hormones that are used for the production of new cellular membranes? Smooth endoplasmic reticulum what is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids? saturated fatty acids contain no double bonds, unlike unsaturated fatty acids DNA contains 4 nitrogenous bases that form hydrogen bonds with another base. what base does adenine (A) bond with? Thymine what is an organized structure of DNA and proteins found in cells? chromosomes Adrenalcorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) is produced by the pituitary gland. which identifies a function of ACTH? cortisol production what term is used to describe a substance that can act as either a acid or a base? amphoteric what must happen first before a cell can divide to grow, develop, and reproduce? DNA replication what is the primary responsibility of the adrenal gland? (on the kidney) regulation of blood sugar what kind of tissue are neurons? nervous how is an ion created? by the addition or subtraction of electrons what is true of mitosis it occurs only in eukaryotic cells and it produces daughter cells what is the reason ice floats on water? it forms a lattice when freezing (allows air to fill in gaps) when an allele is recessive for a particular trait, how will the letter chosen to represent it in the punnett square be appeared? lowercase during what stage of mitosis do all chromosomes line up in the center? metaphase a Punnett square is a device used to predict the genotype and phenotype of sexually reproduced offspring. what is a genotype? the combination of alleles what is the largest type of biological molecule? protein the thoracic artery takes blood to the thorax then into the renal arteries to what? the kidneys which organelle has the ability to hydrolyze fats, nucleic acids, proteins, and sugars? lysosomes when a silver nitrate and potassium chloride combine, they form silver chloride and potassium nitrate. this is an example of what? double replacement which of the following skull bones contains the foramen magnum which allows for the connection of the brain to the spinal cord? occipital lobe the organ of Cotri is located within the ear, and it contains hair cells that are located inside it. what do the hair cells do? detect sound what body system does the pancreas belong to? gastrointestinal (digestive) what carries blood AWAY from the heart? arteries what best describes the sublimation curve? the boundary between solid and gas for any given substance as plotted on a phase diagram the liver is _____ to the diaphragm inferior which is known as nervous tissue Neuroglia Prokaryotic cells are cells that have which of the following no defined nucleus and no membrane bound organelles the bone located along the midline of the anterior side of the thoracic region is known as what? sternum where are the nutrients absorbed in the body? small intestine which of the major arteries is responsible for taking blood to the arm brachial artery a reducing agent, or reductant, does what? loses electrons what bone is in the upper arm? humerus mendel's second lae, dihybrid inheritance, is the cross between two parents with what? different alleles for one trait a solution is considered to be alkaline if its pH is what? above 7 base means alkaline what enzymes do the kidneys produce to regulate blood pressure by retaining or removing water and salt? renin examples of some non metals hydrogen (H) carbon (C) nitrogen (N) what is the main purpose of the kidneys? to filter the blood in regard to a chemical reaction, what happens when pressure is decreased? molecules don't connect as often and the rate of reaction decreases a series of steps that produce water during cellular respiration is known as what? electron transport chain the heart is ____ to the diaphragm superior neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are white blood cells that are collectively known as granulocytes. what do neutrophils do? attack and destroy bacteria and viruses which body system protects against disease or other potentially damaging foreign bodies? immune system neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are white blood cells that are collectively known as? granulocytes which body system distributes blood and lymph throughout the body? cardiovascular system what is an unpaired skull bone that helps to make up part of the orbit of the eye that houses the pituitary gland? sphenoid bone the uterus is an example of what type of tissue? smooth muscle what phases of matter is made up of electrons and positive ions? plasma what body system integrates muscles and nerves? neuromuscular system what two conditions determine the phase that a substance is in? pressure and temp which type of individuals have two different alleles, such as Aa? heterozygous which heart valve is responsible for the regulation of blood flow between the right ventricle and the right atrium? tricuspid valve what is the final phase of mitosis? telophase what type of tissue is adipose tissue, also known as fat? connective tissue to which body system do the arteries and veins belong to? cardiovascular system what are functions of the gastrointestinal (digestive) system? - to remove waste from body - to use peristalsis to move food along - to use enzymes to break down food what type of solution combines readily separate matter? emulsions what is the fluid between the nucleus and the surface membrane known as? cytoplasm prolactin is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland. what does it do? milk production stimulation glycolysis is the conversion of ______ to _____ in the processes of cellular respiration glucose to pyruvate animals cells have ? - nucleus - cytoplasm - cell membrane what are the smallest arteries called? arterioles iron pills are prescribed for anemia, which is a hematologic disorder. what does hematologic mean relating to blood which of the following helps form the cytoskeleton of the cell? microfilaments prokaryotic and eukaryotic are two types of what? cells how many layers does the skin have? 3 in regard to a surface area chemical reaction, what is true? - larger particles have a smaller surface area and react slower - the reaction will be faster as the surface area in increased - smaller particles have a larger surface area and react faster table salt is a dietary source that provide an individual with which of the following mineral requirements? chloride the mitosis cell division process occurs in 4 stages. once all 4 stages are complete the cells pinches into 2. what is this process? cytokinesis what type of chemical bond has a relatively weak attraction between an anion and a cation? ionic bond what is an atom called if its electrically charged? ion what is the primary function of ribosomes in the cell? to read RNA in the nucleus and translate the genetic instructions to produce proteins a chemical bond in which electron pairs are shared between atoms is known as ? covalent bond the principal functions of which body system include hormone production and internal communication and coordination endocrine system when is a triple covalent bond formed? when 3 electrons pairs are shared between 2 atoms what type of tissue is bone? connective if a liquid has a pH of 2 is it acid or base? strong acid the double layered membrane that surrounds the heart is known as what? pericardium what type of bond is formed when two oppositely charged ions are electrostatically attracted? ionic bond what synthesizes and assembles ribosomes? nucleolus during what phase of mitosis does the mitotic spindle vanish? telophase the mitral valve is a heart valve that allows oxygen-rich blood from the lungs pass from which of the following? the left atrium into the left ventricle to which body system does cartilage belong to? skeletal system to which body system does the pineal gland belong to? endocrine system what kind of tissue are glands? epithelial the styloglossus muscle is located from the styloid process of the temporal bone to the tongue. what does this muscle do? elevates the tongue bones consists of 2 types fo bone marrow: red and yellow which is true about red red bone marrow is involved in the production of blood cells what does COOH symbolize? carboxyl group what doses halitosis mean? bad breath what is a neutral subtopic particle that has no electric charge? neutron what do ribosomes use to create protein? RNA the rough endoplasmic reticulum has ____ located on it ribosomes the atomic masses that are presented in denial form on the periodic table are used to represent what? the natural profusion of the element's assorted isotopes the organic molecule compound C6H12O6 is the compound for what? glucose what element properties have a complete valence shell? noble gases in which area of a cell does DNA reside? inside the nucleus a catalyst can be used as a way to increase the reaction rate of a chemical reaction. how does using a catalyst accomplish this? it reduces the amount of energy required for a reaction to occur what allows water to climb up a glass tube that is placed into a container of water? adhesion nutrient distribution is a principal function of what body system? cardiovascular system what are found in the nucleus of an atom? protons and neutrons what are the bases of DNA? Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine when studying the phenotype outcome for an F2 generation it resulted in a monohybrid retio. how would it be written? 3:1 what prefix should be added to a word function to indicate something is false? pseudo the rows fo the periodic table are what? periods water is a compound that lives in what states? liquid, solid, gas increasing surface area is a way to increase the reaction rate of a chemical reaction. how does increasing the surface area accomplish this? it increases the opportunity for particles to come into contact with one another in regard to pH pure water is considered what? a neutral solution (7) an oxidizing agent or oxidant does what? gains electrons what is true of neutrons - they are neurally charged - they are located in the nucleus - their mass is similar to that of a proton regarding the anatomy of a cell what part is the center? nucleus what carries oxygen throughout the human body? red blood cells what are Y or T shaped cells that originate in bone marrow and make proteins known as antibodies? B-lymphocytes in order for a solution to have an acidic pH, the pH will be ? below 7.0 DNA replication occurs in which phases of cell replication? S phase if a liquid has a pH of 12 it is considered ? strong base molecules composed of amino acids joined by peptide bonds are known as what? proteins the sternum and ribs are considered what type of bone? flat bone what helps supports and gives shape to the cell microtubules when is a single covalent bond formed? when one pair of electrons is shared between two atoms increasing the concentration is a way to increase the reaction rate of a chemical reaction. how does increasing the concentration accomplish this? it increases the chances of collision between reactants and produces more products orbits of which of the following are located at the outermost part of an atom? electrons of one atom of element X with a charge of 3- reacts with two atoms of element Y with a charge of 1+ each, what is the charge of the final product, assuming all other variables are equal 1- [Show Less]
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NLN Pax Questions with complete solutions 100%
A person blows his breath into a straw that is placed in limewater. The limewater becomes cloudy because the person's breath contains: carbon dioxide ... [Show More] A person who was in an auto accident has formed a blood clot at the site of the injury. One event that can lead to formation of a blood clot is that: ruptured platelets release thromboplastin A student focuses sunlight to a point with a thin converging (convex) lens. Which of these direct measurements can the student make as a result of this experiment? the approximate focal length of the lens In ecological succession, the first living thing to colonize a hitherto barren area is called a: pioneer organism Unicellular organisms that have a nucleus and can swim with the aid of cilia are examples of: protozoans Which of these conditions is associated with smoking? emphysema Which of these quantities is most closely associated with an object's inertia? Mass Which of these sequences of anatomic organization, from the simplest level to the most complex, is the correct sequence? From tissue, organ, organ system to organism Which part of the cell structure controls the passage of materials into and out of the cell? Plasma membrane While working in the chemistry laboratory, a student spills dilute hydrochloric acid on her hand. What is the first action this student should take? Flush her hand with large quantities of water Within a living cell, the oxygen (O2) from a mixture of O2 and carbon dioxide (CO2) is used up. This creates a concentration gradient across the cell membrane, drawing O2 across the membrane from the outside in, a process known as Diffusion You cut your finger rather deeply while slicing an apple. Which of these actions should you take first? Wash the wound continuously with cold running water 30 students in a class carefully measure the length and width of 20 peanut shells. They also count the number and note the size of the peanuts inside. This information is recorded on various graphs showing the numbers of nuts and the different sizes. The collected evidence of the peanuts gives the students an idea of the extent of: variation within a species A tincture is a solution in which: alcohol is the solvent All the glucose filtered from the blood in the glomerulus into the Bowman's capsule of the kidney nephron is returned to the tissue fluid while passing along the proximal tubule. This rapid return is effected by the process of: active transport If the night temperature drops 50 degrees, the roadrunner's internal energy-conservation permits a lowering of body temperature to: 94°F 1 kilogram (kg) of solid X at 10C and 1 kg of solid Y 10C each absorb 5 joules of heat energy. The final temperatures on X and Y is 15C and 20C, respectively. Compared to X, Y must have a lower:F specific heat A woman suddenly chokes on a piece of food and clutches frantically at her throat. An immediate remedy is to: apply quick, hard pressures successively to her abdomen, just below her diaphragm An unknown gas is more dense than air, does not support combustion, and turns a limewater solution cloudy. This gas is most probably: carbon dioxide Night blindness in humans is caused by a lack of: Vitamin A In varieties of matter, the term heterogeneous may be applied to: mixtures, but not elements or compounds The atoms of an element with seven valence electrons are most probably classified as: nonmetals The inherited factors that are transmitted in a organism from generation to generation are called its: genotype Which of these conditions is associated with smoking? Emphysema Within which of these structures of the female reproductive tract is the human egg fertilized? Fallopian tube A cell which manufactures a large amount of protein for export would have an abundance of organelles called: ribosomes A lens that focuses distant light to a single point is known as a : converging (convex) lens A substance composed of similar atoms (number of protons is the same for all) that can not be broken down chemically is a(n) element Charles Darwin's theory of evolution suggests that the reason for the various differences between species is a result of: natural selection How much current is drawn by a light bulb that has a resistance of 100 R with a voltage of 110 V? (V= IR) 1.1 amperes The amplitude of a sound wave is most closely related to its: loudness The calorie and the kilocalorie are units of : energy The force of gravity on an object is that object's: weight The Law of Dominance was proposed by which of the following scientists? Mendel The number of complete waves which pass a point in one second is known as a : frequency The vertical columns on the periodic chart are known as: groups When a sperm and egg join to form a zygote in humans, what determines the sex of the child that is produced? The sperm When two atoms share a pair of electrons, the bond between them is called: covalent When your muscles atrophy, they: waste away Which of these organisms has the most complex digestive system? Earthworm Which of these processes occurs at a neuromuscular junction? Impulse transmission Which of these processes is used to free contaminated water of bacteria? Treating it with chlorine Which of these organisms might be found in contaminated well water? Giardia Which of these is the correct sequence of chambers through which blood flows in the human heart and lungs? Right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle Which of these changes occurs in the kidneys when a person becomes dehydrated? The filtration rate of water remains constant and the reabsorption of water increases. When a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which of these conditions must be present? The population is isolated from other populations Water freezes at 0C. On the Kelvin temperature scale, this is equivalent to: 273K To determine the optimum conditions for the activity of a digestive enzyme, it would be necessary to test its activity over a range of: temperature, pH and substrate concentration The Pap test can detect cancer in the female reproductive tract at an early stage, requiring cells scraped from: the cervix The most probable area of study that would show the prevalence of mental illness in mid- Manhattan is that: epidemiology The meiotic division of cells leads to the production of cells that: contain half the usual number of chromosomes The full set of genes in an individual is known as: the human genome The boiling point of liquid nitrogen at one atmosphere pressure is 77 K. This temperature us equivalent to: neg196C 77K - 273K= 196C Substance Y is soluble only in nonpolar solvents and does not conduct electricity, either in the solid or liquid phases. Y is most probably a nonpolar substance Muscles are attached to bone by which of these structures? Tendon Coulomb's law is most closely associated with electric charges At room temperature, which of these substances exists as diatomic molecules? Oxygen Amnesia in humans is a loss of memory. Which of these parts of the brain has been affected when someone is suffering from amnesia caused by head trauma? Cerebral cortex A magician rapidly pulls a tablecloth from a table, leaving the dishes undisturbed. Which of these principles of physics explains this "trick"? Objects at rest tend to remain at rest. Which of these temperatures is known as Absolute Zero? 0 K Which of these substances contains a nonpolar covalent bond? O2 Which of these single instruments may be used to measure the current flowing through a circuit? An ammeter Which of these processes is responsible for the recorded production of CO2 by yeast cells from sugar solution? Anaerobic respiration Which of these particles can only be found in the nucleus of an atom? protons and neutrons Which of these pairs of units measures the same quantity ? Calorie and joule Which of these organisms use nitrogen directly from the air? Blue-green algae Which of these equations best illustrates a synthesis reaction? 2Na + Cl2 -> 2NaCl The organ that filters metabolic waste from the blood is the kidney Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition of the gum tissue that surrounds the neck of each tooth Iodized salt is used to prevent a human condition known as goiter Heat energy is absorbed in which of these phase changes? Br2(l) -> Br2(g) To sterilize a metal probe in the office, a dentist could use a steam sterilizer. If unavailable, the next most effective method to sterilize the instrument would be boiling it in water for 15 minutes In diagnostic testing, the electroencephalogram permits the physician to examine the impulses of the nerve cells within the brain If the medulla of the brain in a human was damaged, which of these conditions would most likely result? Difficulty in breathing If a red light passed through a dilute solution of chlorophyll solution, the spectrophotometer will detect what amount of transmittance of this light? 50-75% Human testes produce spermatozoa Guard cells which can be found in the leaves of plants are most closely associated with which of these processes? Evaporation of water from the plant A physician measures the pulse and blood pressure (BP) of all patients on a routine basis. Which of these measurements show normal BP values for a resting adult patient? 120/80 mm Hg A method for determining the blood alcohol content of a subject is to use a Breathalyzer Which of these structures produces sperm cells in human males? Testes Which of these instruments is used to measure the amount of heat exchanged in a system? Calorimeter Which of these germ layers rise to the skin? Ectoderm Which of these findings suggests a serious illness from a urinalysis? Presence of glucose and protein Which of these factors best summarizes Darwin's theory of the origin of species? Natural selection Which of these arrangements of atoms is found in all alcohols? C-OH Which biochemical family do starch and glycogen belong in? Carbohydrates When steel wool (mostly iron) burns, its mass increases. The best explanation of this observation is that the iron oxide formed has more mass than the iron alone What is the pH of a solution whose H+ ion concentration is 1 x 10-2 mole per liter? 2 What is the correct sequence in the life cycle of a moth? Egg, larva, pupa, adult The weight of an adult human in newtons (N) is closest to 500N 1kg = 9.8 N The scientific name of the wold is Canis lupus. The name indicates the wolf's genus and species The region of the brain most concerned with coordinating somatic motor function is the cerebellum The functional group present in all alcohols is the hydroxyl group Scientists have discovered that most vertebrates have cone cells in their eyes, which distinguish colors in daylight. The rods are most sensitive to light, but do not distinguish colors. If a mammal is nocturnal there are fewer cones and a greater concentration of rods to collect the minimal light for night vision. In order to observe the endoplasmic reticulum in a cell, a scientist would use an electron microscope If a person is fasting for 24 hours and ingests no carbohydrates, the liver will provide for the body's need by converting glycogen into glucose Ductless glands in the human body secrete hormones Cicero and Wozniak used young rats in their experiment instead of older rats because young rats are more sensitive to alcohol A recently discovered species has these characteristics: amniotic eggs, a four-chambered heart, and lightweight, honeycombed bones. Which of these ADDITIONAL characteristics is likely to be present? Feathers for flying Which part of the human central nervous system controls voluntary movements? Cerebrum Which of these hydrocarbons is a member of the benzene family? Toluene The process of nuclear cell division in the cell reproduction of plants differs from mammals. A major difference is that cell plates are synthesized Which of these quantities is a vector quantity? Energy A quantity that has both magnitude and direction is called a(n) vector According to the Ideal Gas Equation (PV=nRT), if the temperature and amount of gas are kept constant, what will be the effect of an increase in pressure on the volume of a gas? As the pressure increases, the volume decreases. Cicero and Wozniak probably decided to restrict their study to male offspring of alcoholic male rats because they wanted to compare results with prior findings from human studies In a study on the effect of cocaine on the brains of rats, two groups of animals were selected. Each day, Group A was injected with the drug dissolved in water, whereas Group B was injected with water alone. In such a study Group B is included as a control group In classical physics, light is viewed as part of the electromagnetic spectrum, traveling in the form of transverse waves. Quantum physics proposes that light is composed of quanta called photons Reducing the use of aeresol cans has contributed to the decrease of the destruction of the ozone layer The Watt is a unit of power The normal boiling temperature for water is 100° when measured on which of these scales? Celcius The second law of thermodynamics states that with every spontaneous process, the entropy of the universe Increases All of these groups of land plants produce seeds EXCEPT mosses When blood is filtered in the kidney and urine is produced, red blood cells and plasma proteins do not pass through the blood capillaries. This occurs because large molecules such as blood and plasma proteins do not fit through the permeable membrane, so they cannot enter the tubules in the kidney. The extension of a neuron that carries the impulse to another cell is called an axon Which of these structures of the male reproductive system carries sperm cells from the testes to the lower part of the abdomen? Vas deferens Which of these pH values represents the most basic solution? 14 0-6 = acidic 7= netural 8-14 = basic Which of these organ systems does NOT provide for the excretion of substances? lymphatic system Which of these is an example of a simple machine? All of the above - Lever - Pulley -inclined plane -wheel and axle -wedge -screw Which of these could be stopped by a sheet of paper? Alpha particle When three resistors of 10.0 ohms each are placed in series, the total resistance is 30.0 ohms 10x3 The succession of flora and fauna encountered while climbing a mountain in the northern hemisphere is similar to that found when traveling from the base of the same mountain in which these general directions? North. The energy associated with an object's position is termed potential energy Most internal gas exchanges in the human respiratory tracts occurs across the capillaries of which of these structures? Alveoli Enzymes that are involved in biochemical reactions are organic catalysts Anaerobic respiration occurs in muscle tissue when it cannot get sufficient oxygen to function aerobically. Which of these conditions is mostly likely to directly result from this? Cramps A lab technician has the choice of four different enzymes to use in an experiment that will run at 25C. The optimal temperatures of enzymes using the Kelvin scale are: Enzyme A: 273 K, Enzyme B: 298 K, Enzyme C: 310 K, Enzyme D: 325 K. Which enzyme would be best to use in this experiment? Enzyme B 273+25C = 298 K Which of these substances carries energy within cells and is produced as a result of cellular respiration? ATP Which of these processes is illustrated by the spreading out of ammonia vapor in a closed room? Diffusion Which of these is NOT an organic compound? HCl (hydrochloric acid) Which of these is an example of an emulsion? Mayonnaise Which of these factors is a variable in Cicero and Wozniak's research? Liquid diet of 6% alcohol. Which human body system does meiosis occur in? Reproductive When water passes from a region of greater concentration to a region of lesser concentration through a selectively permeable membrane, the process is known as osmosis When a drop of dilute nitric acid is added to water surrounding a hydra, the animal draws in its tentacles. The acid is acting as a stimulus The function of the myelin sheath that surrounds many neurons is to increase the rate of impulse transport Sodium will react most readily with chlorine In the reaction of iron with water shown below, what coefficient must be placed before the iron (Fe) to balance the reaction? Fe + 4H2O - Fe3O4 + 4H2 3 In corn plants, the gene that codes for the presence of chlorophyll is sometimes missing. The resulting seedlings are albino and will not survive. This lethal gene appears in corn populations because the parent plants that produced the seeds carried recessive gene for the albino trait. If blue light emits electrons from a photosensitive surface, then electrons must also be emitted by ultraviolet light As part of the human immune response, which of these cells are responsible for producing antibodies? Lymphocytes An example of the most complex level of organization in a frog is the respiratory system A gram stain is an important technique used in the laboratory that distinguishes between different kinds of bacterial cell walls The bending of a wave around an obstacle is known as diffraction A drop of dilute ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) is placed on one side of a slide containing a large number of swimming paramecium. Under this condition, which of these behaviors of the paramecia will be observed? They will eventually all swim away from the ammonium hydroxide Which of these units is associated with magnitude, but not direction? time The atomic number of flourine is 9. How many electrons are contained in the second principal energy level of a flourine atom in the ground state? 7 A material that settles out of a reaction is termed a(n) emulsion -egg yolk, butter, mayonaise When a column of air is vibrating at the same rate as a tuning fork, the process is referred to as resonance The number of complete waves which pass a point in one second is known as a Frequency [Show Less]
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NLN PAX Questions with correct Answers
The editor rejected the illustrations saying the color was too drab. The illustrations lacked -Contrast -Detail -Variation -Luster Luster The l... [Show More] awyer found the witness's testimony assailable from certain angles. Assailable means -Morbid -Hollow -Rescindable -Vulnerable Vulnerable Anna was invariably late for her classes. Invariably means -Never -Rarely -Occasionally -Constantly Constantly The association of a roadrunner to a coyote is that the coyote -Has an imaginary relationship with the roadrunner -is the mortal enemy of the roadrunner -Share the desert spoils willingly with the roadrunner -is a victim of the roadrunner. has an imaginary relationship with the roadrunner Guard cells which can be found in the leaves of plants are most closely associated with which of these processes? -Reproduction of a new plant -Evaporation of water from the plant -Synthesis of organic substances in the plant -Movement of organic and inorganic substances from soil to the plant Evaporation of water from the plant The bending of a wave around an obstacle is known as -Diffraction -Deflection -Refraction -Reflection Diffraction Which of these conditions is associated with smoking? -Esophageal Varices -Tonsillitis -Emphysema -Blindness Emphysema A gram stain is an important technique used in the laboratory that -Identifies different type of blood cells. -Is sensitive to specific types of plants -Highlights nucleus containing cells. -Distinguishes between different kinds of bacterial cells walls. Distinguishes between different kinds of bacterial cells well A material that settles out of a reaction is termed a(n) -suspension -precipitate -colloid -emulsion Emulsion All living cells contain cytoplasm. Cytoplasm is important because it -Carries hereditary traits -Controls what moves in and out of the cells. -Produces protein -Is where most of the cell's chemical reactions take place Controls what moves in and out of the cells An example of the most complex level of the organization in a frog is the -Epithelium -Striated muscle -Respiratory system -Stomach Respiratory system Energy that is in an object because of its position is called -Kinetic energy -Nuclear energy -Potential energy -Electromagnetic energy Potential energy Enzymes that are involved in biochemical reactions are organic -Colloid -Catalysts -Cathodes -Constants Catalysts In classical physics, light is viewed as part of the electromagnetic spectrum, traveling in form of transverse waves. Quantum physics proposes that light is composed of quanta called -Rays -Newtons -Atoms -Photons Photons In corn plants, the gene that codes for the presence of chlorophyll is sometimes missing. The results seedlings are albino and will not survive. The lethal genes appears in corn populations because -The soil nutrients will not allow the plant to produce chlorophyll. -The parent plants that produced the seeds carried the recessive gene for the albino trait. -The farmer used herbicides, which destroyed the chlorophyll in the seedlings. -The seeds were old and stored improperly, resulting in the lethal trait. The parent plans that produced the seeds carried the recessive gene for the albino trait The scientific name of the wolf is Canis Lupus. The name indicates the wolf's -Genus and species -Phylum and species -Kingdom and genus -Phylum and Genus Genus and species Which of these arrangements of atoms is found in all alcohols? -C=C -C-O-C -C=O -C-OH C-OH The atoms of an element with seven valence electrons are most probably classified as -Metals -Nonmetals -Metalloids -Noble Gases Nonmetals The process of nuclear cell division is the cell reproduction of plants differ from mammals. A major difference is that -Homologous chromosomes are paired -Centrioles are replicated -Spindle fibers are missing -Cells plates are synthesized Cells plates are synthesized Which of these quantities is a vector quantity? -Force -Mass -Energy -Time Energy The organ that filters metabolic waste from the blood is the -Small intestine -Liver -Kidney -Stomach Kidney If a red light is passed through a dilute solution of chlorophyll solution, the spectrophotometer will detect what amount of transmittance of this light? -100% -50-75% -Less than 25% -None 50-75% Which of these pairs of unit measures the same quantity? -Joule and newton -Newton and watt. -Calorie and joule -Watt and calorie Calorie and joule Which part of the human central nervous system controls voluntary movements? -Spinal Cord -Cerebellum -Cerebrum -Medulla Cerebrum When a living cell, the oxygen(O2) form a mixture of O2 and carbon dioxide (CO2) is used up. This creates a concentration gradient across the cell membrane, drawing O2 across the membrane from the outside in, a process known as -Osmosis -Active Transport -Diffusion -Cellular Respiration Diffusion A quantity that has both magnitude and direction is called a(n) -resultant -scalar -vector -undefined unit vector Amnesia in the humans is the loss of memory. Which of these parts of the brain has been affected when someone is suffering from amnesia caused by head trauma? -Cerebral Cortex -Cerebellum -Medulla oblongata -Spinal cord Cerebral cortex At room temperature, which of these substances exist as diatomic molecules? -Carbon -Iron -Neon -Oxygen Oxygen Sodium will react most readily with -Chlorine -Boron -Helium -Potassium Chlorine The Pap test can detect cancer in the female reproductive tract at an early stage, requiring cells scraped from -The vagina -The fallopian tubes -The uterus -The cervix The cervix The physics principle that is primarily used in developing a rollercoaster ride is -Centripetal force -Specific gravity -Quantum energy -Certainty principle Centripetal force Unicellular organisms that have a nucleus and can swim with aid of cilia are examples of -Monerans -Plants -Fungi -Protozoans Protozoans When a column of air is vibrating at the same rate as a tuning fork, the process is referred to as -Assimilation -Diffraction -Transmission -Resonance Resonance When two atoms share a pair of electrons, the bond between them is called -Electrovalent -Covalent -Ionic -Metallic Covalent When water passes from a region of greater concentration to a region of lesson concentration through a selectivity permeable membrane, the process is known as -Distillation -Evaporation -Osmosis -Sublimation Osmosis Which of these organ systems does NOT provide for the excretion of substances? -Urinary System -Lymphatic system -Respiratory System -Digestive System Lymphatic system Which of these processes occur at a neuromuscular junction? -Articulation -Axon formation -Impulse transmission -Encapsulation Impulse Transmission An insecticide label specifics a dilution ratio of 1 1/2 teaspoons of insecticide per gallon of water. How much insecticide should be added to a one-half gallon of water? -1/8 treaspoon. -1/2 teaspoon -3/4 teaspoon -3 teaspoons 3/4 teaspoon What is the reciprocal of 2 3/4? - 4/11 - 4/6 -1 1/4 - 3 1/3 4/11 Factor 6x^2+x-12 into two binomial terms. -(2x-4)(3x+3) -x(6x+1)-12 -(3x+4)(2x-3) -(2x+3)(3x-4) (2x+3)(3x-4) An ideal gas occupies a volume of 0.50 liter (L) at a pressure of 0.20 atmosphere. What volume will the gas occupy at 0.40 atmosphere if the temperature remains constant? -0.25 L -0.50 L -1 L -2 L 0.25 L A room measures 12 1/2 feet on each side. How many square feet of carpeting will be needed to completely cover the floor? -25 -50 -144 1/4 -156 1/4 156 1/4 What number is 29% of 150? -517.24 -43.5 -19.33 -5.17 43.5 If 15 out of every patients admitted to a hospital remain longer than a week, how many of the 2,800 admissions in a given year were released within one week? -210 -453 -2,590 -2,644 2,590 .03% of 1,500 is -500 -45 - 0.45 - 0.15 0.45 What percent of 125 is 375? -33.33% -250% -300% -468.75% 300% The actor that won the award was a neophyte. Neophyte means -Novice -Favorite -Long shot -A veteran Novice The visiting executive observed with bemusement that the only available hotel room was located next to the service elevator. Bemusement means -Benevolence -Bewilderment -Belligerence -Belittlement Bewilderment An opening that permits light to enter is called -A duct -A pathway -A cynosure -An aperture An aperture As they canoed down the river, the boat hit an eddy. An eddy is a -Whirlpool -Waterfall -Rapid -Ripple Whirlpool As part of the human immune response, which of these cells are responsible for producing antibodies? -Lymphocytes -Helper cells -Suppressor cells -Macrophages Lymphocytes The region of the brain most concerned with coordinating somatic motor function is the -medulla oblongata -cerebellum -hypothalamus -cerebrum cerebellum The weight of an adult human in newtons(N) is closest to -0.5 N -5 N -50 N -500 N 500 N When a population is in Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium, which of these conditions must be present? -The population is very small -The population is isolated from other populations -Natural selection -Net mutations The population is isolated from other populations Which of these could be stopped by a sheet of paper? -Alpha particle -Beta Particle -Gamma Ray -Cosmic Ray Alpha particle Which of these organisms might be found in contaminated well water? -Aspergillis -Porifera -Giardia -Spirochete Giardia .03% of 1,500 is -500 -45 -0.45 0.15 0.45 A commercial popcorn machine makes 12 pounds of popcorn, which can fill __ 4-ounce bags -24 -36 -40 -48 48 The girl displayed the same insolent behavior as her father. Insolent means -Strange -Rude -Fearful -Shy Rude The pathologist engaged in acrimonious debate over the nature of the disease. Acrimonious means -Bitter -Cacophonous -Lengthy -Zealous Bitter A meeting at which several speakers deliver short speeches on a particular topic is called -a symposium -a cabinet -an orientation -an indoctrination A symposium How must current is drawn by a light bulb that a resistance of 100 R with a voltage of 110 V? (V=IR) -1.1 amperes -90 amperes -210 amperes -11,000 amperes 1.1 amperes The extension of a neuron that carries the impulse to another cell is called -a cyton -a synapse -a dendrite -an axon an axon Which of these finding suggests a serious illness from a urinalysis? -Absence of glucose or protein -Presence of urea and mineral salts -Presence of glucose and protein -Presence of urea and absence of glucose Presence of glucose and protein Which of these is an example of a simple machine? -Lever -Pulley -Inclined plane -All of the above All of the above Which of these structures contains valves to prevent blood from flowing in the wrong direction? -Veins -Arteries -Capillaries -Lymph ducts Veins All the glucose filtered from the blood in the glomerulus into the Bowman's capsule of the kidney nephron is returned to the tissue fluid while passing along the proximal tubule. The rapid return is effected by the process of -osmosis -phagocytosis -pinocytosis -active transport active transport Anaerobic respiration occurs in muscle tissue when it cannot get sufficient oxygen to function aerobically. Which of these conditions if most likely to directly result from this? -Necrosis -Cramps -Bleeding -Swelling Cramps The function of the myelin sheath that surrounds many neurons is to -prevent meningitis -slow the rate of impulse transport -increase the flow of ions into the axon -increase the rate of impulse transport increase the rate of impulse transport When steel wool (mostly iron) burns, its mass increases. The best explanation of this observation is that -hot iron has more mass than cold iron -the iron oxide formed has more mass than the iron alone -the iron is magnetized by the burning process -the iron changes to another allotropic form the iron oxide formed has more mass than the iron alone When your muscles atrophy, they -waste away -stiffen up -become fatigued -gain strength waste away Which human body system does meiosis occur in? -Digestive -Reproductive -Nervous -Circulatory Reproductive A lens that focuses distant light to a single point is known as a -converging lens -diverging lens -concave lens -prismatic lens converging lens Compounds with the same type and number of atoms and the same chemical bonds but different spatial arrangements of these bonds and atoms are called -structural isomers -linkage isomers -opitcal isomers -geometrical isomers structural isomers The meiotic division of the cells lead to the production of cells that -are exactly like their parents -contain half the usual number of chromosomes -will give rise to different types of white blood cells -will double the usual number of chromosomes contain half the usual number of chromosomes Which of these units is associated with magnitude, but not direction? -Force -Time -Velocity -Acceleration Time The diameter of the low power field of a certain microscope is 1.6 millimeters. The diameter of a cell that is half the diameter of the field is -1,600 microns -1,000 microns -800 microns -500 microns 800 microns Aunt Tillie was known as the family interloper. Interloper means -matchmaker -troublemaker -gossip -meddler meddler After the awards ceremony, he was rather indignant. Indignant means -angry -humble -grateful -proud angry The newspaper columnist wrote very succinctly. Succinctly means -verbosely -concisely -elegantly -sarcastically concisely The auditors reviewed the records and reported their finding. An auditor is someone who is authorized to -consult on personnel problems -conduct periodic examinations of accounts -analyze statistical data -evaluate written testimony conduct periodic examinations of accounts If the people of a certain region are imperiled, they are -enlightened -endangered -exploited -enfranchised endangered A writer of many books could be described as -prolific -taciturn -pragmatic -ethereal prolific A secret political group is called a -junta -cabal -synod -caucus cabal In varieties of matter, the term heterogenous may be applied to -elements, but not compounds -compounds, but not elements -compounds and elements, but not mixtures -mixtures, but not elements or compounds mixtures, but not elements or compounds The voice of the orator was loud and clear. Orator means -Storyteller -Poet -Preacher -Public Speaker Public speaker One of the benefits of a college education is learning how to -cogitate -emanate -prevaricate -capitulate cogitate The only word she could use to describe her father was aloof. Aloof means -Distant -Alone -Harsh -Familiar Distant Whole blood of type AB can be transfused to people with which of these types of blood ? -O only -A and B only - AB only - A,B, AB and O AB only Enzymes that are involved in biochemical reactions are organic -Colloids -Catalyst -Cathodes -Constants Cataylst The force of gravity on an object is that object's -Mass -Weight -Inertia -Density Weight Which of these sequences of anatomic organization, from the simplest level to the most complex, is the correct sequence? -From tissue, organ, organ system to organism. -From organ system, organ, tissue to organism. -From tissue, organ system, organ to organism. -From organ, organ system, tissue to organism. From tissue, organ, organ system to organism. Which of these single instruments may be used to measure the current flowing through a circuit? -A voltmeter -An ammeter -A potentiometer -An ohmmeter An ammeter All of these groups of land plants produce seeds EXCEPT -Perennial flowering plants, such as peonies and asters -Deciduous trees, such as maples and oaks -Moist forest plants, such as mosses and ferns -Evergreen trees, such as pines and spruces Evergreen trees, such as pines and spruces. Muscles are attached to bone by which of these structures? -Cartilage -Ligament -Capsula -Tendon Tendon The watt is a unit of -energy -force -displacement -power power Which of these is the correct sequence of chambers through which blood flows in the human heart and lungs? -Right ventricle; right atrium; lungs; left atrium; left ventricle -Right atrium; right ventricle; lungs; left atrium; left ventricle -Left ventricle; left atrium; lungs; right atrium; right ventricle -Left atrium; left ventricle; lungs; right atrium; right ventricle Right atrium; right ventricle; lungs; left atrium; left ventricle The energy associated with an object's position is termed -kinetic energy -thermal energy -photon energy -potential energy potential energy The full set of genes in an individual is known as -specific DNA -the human genome -a chromosomal pattern -cellular identity the human genome Quantum physics proposes that light is composed of quanta called -rays -netwons -atoms -photons Photons [Show Less]
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NLN PAX Exam Questions with complete solutions
One kilometer (km) equals 0.6 miles. How many miles equal 2.75 km? 1.65mi 2.15 mi 3.35mi 4.58mi 1.65mi The difference between the boiling poi... [Show More] nt and melting point of a specific substance is 80 degrees Celsius (80°C). If the boiling point is 56°C, what is the melting point? 24°C -24°C 26°C -36°C -24°C Of 60 patients treated with a certain medication, 24 showed no improvement. What percent of patients improved? 60% 40% 36% 24% 60% If 1 kilogram (kg) equals 2.2 pounds (lbs), how many kg are there in 130 lbs? (To the nearest tenth of a kg.) 286 kg 62.3 kg 59.1 kg 58.7 kg 59.1 kg If 30% of x = 60, then x = 200 280 50 18 200 The dosage of a certain medication is determined by a patient's body weight. The medication's dosage is 2.5 mg per kilogram of body weight. What would be the dose for a patient who weighs 72 pounds? (1 lb =0.453 kg) (Doses are rounded to the nearest 25 mg) 75 mg 100 mg 375 mg 400 mg 75 mg How much simple interest will be paid on a $500 loan for 1 year if the annual interest rate is 6%? $3,000.00 $530.00 $120.00 $30.00 $30.00 If a hospital equipment salesperson receives 12% commission, how much commission is paid when $16,000 worth of equipment is sold? $1,333.33 $1,920.00 $14,080.00 $17,920.00 $1,920.00 On a map, 1/4 inch represents 125 miles (mi). How many miles does 5 inches represent? 100 mi 5,000 mi 1,000 mi 2,500 mi 2,500 mi Solve: 8[7 - 3(12 - 2) / 5] 0 8 16 64 8 What is the area of a rectangle that is 4 feet wide and 9 feet long? 18 square feet 26 square feet 36 square feet 72 square feet 36 square feet Mr. Clark owns 150 shares of stock in the Acme Company and receives $180 per year in dividends. How much does Mrs. Grey receive for an annual dividend if she owes 400 shares in the same company? $250.00 $360.00 $480.00 $500.00 $480.00 If x = 4, x³ = 12 16 64 256 64 How many milligrams (mg) are in 50 grams (g)? (0.5 g = 500 mg) 0.05 mg 5,000 mg 10,000 mg 50,000 mg 50,000 mg Which of these fractions equals 40%? 1/4 2/5 4/5 5/2 2/5 A baby fell asleep at 7:55 PM and slept for 6 3/4 hours. When did the baby wake up? 2:10 AM 2:30 AM 2:40 AM 3:10 AM 2:40 AM .03% of 1,500 is 500 45 0.45 0.15 0.45 If X and Y are odd, which expression must be odd? X + Y X - Y X - Y + 2 X - Y + 1 X - Y + 1 A coach found that 2/5 of the baseball team reported for spring training in good physical condition. What is the decimal representation of that number? 0.125 0.2 0.35 0.4 0.4 If 24% of the 50 students who enrolled in a chemistry course dropped out, how many remained? 12 27 28 76 28 A commercial popcorn machine makes 12 pounds of popcorn, which can fill __ 4-ounce bags. 24 36 40 48 48 A packet of ground beef weighs 2.36 pounds and costs $1.99 per pound. What is the price of beef to the nearest cent? $3.86 $3.94 $4.69 $4.70 $4.70 2652 / 13 24 204 240 2040 204 If 2 1/3 liters of sterile water are poured out of a full 5 1/2 liter container, how many liters are left in the container? 2 1/6 3 3 1/6 3 5/6 3 1/6 Express .037 as a percent. 0.04% 0.37% 3.70% 37% 3.70% The perimeter of a rectangle is 240 inches. If the length is twice the width, what are the dimensions of the rectangle? 60 inches x 120 inches 30 inches x 80 inches 30 inches x 60 inches 40 inches x 80 inches 40 inches x 80 inches The concentration of allergens in an experimental sample of air is one part per billion. Which of these mathematical notions represents this concentration? 1.0 x 10-11 1.0 x 10-9 1.0 x 10-7 1.0 x 10 1.0 x 10-9 From an 8-ounce (oz) bottle of medicine, how many doses can be obtained if each does is two teaspoons (tsp)? (1 Tablespoon = 3 tsp = 0.5 oz) 16 24 36 48 24 A clerk receives a salary of $1,750.00 per month. Last year, the clerk worked overtime for the last 3 months, earning $425.00 per extra month. What was the clerk's total salary for the 12-month year? $26,100.00 $22,275.00 $21,00.00 $17,025.00 $22,275.00 A depositor begins the year with $9,000 in a savings account. The simple annual interest rate is 6%. If no withdrawals or additional deposits are made, how much money will be in the account after one year (12 months) has passed? $8,460.00 $9,006.00 $9,540.00 $14,400.00 $9,540.00 The diameter of the low power field of a certain microscope is 1.6 millimeters. The diameter of a cell that is half the diameter of the field is 1,600 microns 1,000 microns 800 microns 500 microns 800 microns A certain intravenous tubing apparatus releases 60 drops of fluid per minute. How many drops will be released in 2 1/2 minutes? 150 122 120 24 150 Dorsey has 3 3/5 pies, which he wants to split evenly among 6 people. How much pie should each person get? 3/10 1/2 3/5 1 1/10 3/5 Zero can never be used as a dividend multiplicand divisor quotient divisor What is the reciprocal of 2 3/4? 4/11 4/6 11/4 3 1/3 4/11 2 3/5 x 3/4 = 1 19/20 2 9/20 4 1/3 6 9/20 2 9/20 How many miles equal 2.75 km? (1 km = 0.6 mi) 1.65 2.15 3.35 4.58 1.65 A 2-day automobile trip of 880 miles is planned. Half of this distance is to be traveled each day at 55 miles per hour. How many hours will be driven each day? (D = R ? T) 16 12 10 8 8 An insecticide label specifies a dilution ration of 1 1/2 teaspoons of insecticide per gallon of water. How much insecticide should be added to one-half gallon of water? 1/8 teaspoon 1/2 teaspoon 3/4 teaspoon 3 teaspoons 3/4 teaspoon A head nurse borrowed 35 syringes from the intensive care unit (ICU). If this was 20% of the ICU'S total supply, how many syringes did the ICU have in total? 70 135 175 700 175 17 out of 25 children in a pediatrics ward are under 1 year old. Express this fraction as a percentage. 0.17% 0.68% 17.25% 68% 68% Carol runs 2.6 miles each weekday morning before going to work to prepare for a marathon race. If the race is approximately 26 miles, what percent of the distance does Carol run each week? 10% 20% 40% 50% 50% On a charity walk, Maggie can earn $5.00 for each kilometer she walks. If a mile is approximately 1.3 kilometers, how much did she earn if she walked 3.5 miles? $6.50 $14.55 $17.50 $22.75 $22.75 A car requires 4 quarts of oil, but only liters are available. When the engine is filled to capacity with oil, how much, in liters, will be left? (1 qt = 0.946 L) 3.784 0.946 0.216 0.054 3.784 Solve for x and y: 5x - 2y = 1 x + y = 10 x = 14, y = -4 x = 5, y = 5 x = 4, y = 6 x = 3, y = 7 x = 3, y = 7 A uniform top costs $15.75. If a student gives the clerk $50.00 for three tops, how much change will the student receive? $47.25 $34.25 $14.85 $2.75 $2.75 What is the square of 1 3/5 1 9/10 1 9/25 2 1/5 2 14/25 1 9/25 A teacher's aide was given 5 1/2 pounds of molding clay and asked to separate it into equal amounts for 3 classrooms. How many pounds of clay did each class room receive? 1 3/8 1 1/2 1 3/4 1 5/6 1 5/6 In Europe, a road sign indicates that the next town is 85 kilometers away. How far is this in miles? (1 km = 0.62 mi) 137.1 112.4 96.71 52.7 52.7 Which of these fractions is not equivalent to a terminating decimal number? 12/14 4/5 5/8 24/64 12/14 If a = 3 and b = 6, what is the value of b to the a power? 36 18 144 216 216 A gear wheel with 9 teeth plays into a gear wheel with 27 teeth. When the smaller wheel has made 42 revolutions, how many revolutions has the larger wheel made? 14 16 120 126 14 A person weighed 170 lbs at the beginning of the new year and weighed 158 lbs a few weeks later. How many kilograms did the person lose? (1 kg = 2.2 lbs) 0.18 kg 5.45 kg 26.4 kg 54.5 kg 5.45 kg 127.670 - 39.68 167.35 88.99 87.99 86.01 87.99 An ideal gas occupies a volume of 0.50 liter (L) at a pressure of 2.0 atmosphere. What volume will the gas occupy at 0.40 atmosphere if the temperature remains constant? 0.25 L 0.50 L 1 L 2 L 0.25 L A room measures 12 1/2 feet on each side. How many square feet of carpeting will be needed to completely cover the floor? 25 50 144 1/4 156 1/4 156 1/4 What percent of 125 is 375? 33.33% 250% 300% 468.75% 33.33% What number is 29% of 150? 517.24 43.5 19.33 5.17 43.5 A patient's room is 10 feet (ft) wide and 15 ft long. If all rooms are built to the same proportions, what is the length of a room that is 18 ft wide? 12 ft 23 ft 27 ft 30 ft 27 ft Factor 6x2 + x - 12 into two binomial terms (2x - 4)(3x + 3) x(6x + 1) - 12 (3x + 4)(2x - 3) (2x + 3)(3x - 4) (2x + 3)(3x - 4) Jose, Louis, and Li bought a car to travel to and from work. If Jose paid 1/3 and Louis paid 2/5 of the cost, what fraction did Li pay? 4/15 3/8 5/8 11/15 4/15 Compute: -374 - (-715) -1,089 -341 341 1089 341 2/5 + 3/10 = 1/3 1/2 7/10 1 1/5 7/10 A smoking cessation program was organized for 623 employees of a company, and 216 successfully stopped smoking. What was the approximate ration of successes to failures? 1 to 2 2 to 3 3 to 1 4 to 2 1 to 2 If 15 out of 200 patients admitted to a hospital remain longer than a week, how many of the 2,800 admissions in a given year were released within one week? 210 453 2,590 2,644 2,590 A 4-kilogram object revolves in a circle at constant speed and the centripetal force is 200 newtons (N). If the mass of the object is doubled while its speed and radius remain unchanged, the centripetal force on the object will now be 50 N 100 N 400 N 800 N 400 N Convert 4 1/5 to a decimal 0.0042 0.42 4.2 42 4.2 A nursing home allows its residents to be admitted with their pets. Last month, 8 of 25 residents had their pets with them. What percentage of the residents is this? 30% 32% 35% 40% 32% During a sale, a bookstore reduced the price by 3/20 for each $25.00 book. The final price was $10.00 $21.25 $23.50 $24.85 $21.25 On a final exam, a student received 96 problems correct out of the 120 total problems. What percentage of the problems did she get incorrect? 10% 20% 40% 80% 20% 0.124 x 0.06 = 0.0074 0.0744 0.744 7.44 0.00744 A student received 75, 60, 80 on four tests. If all the tests are weighed equally, what is the student's average on the tests? (Round to the nearest whole number.) 70 76 80 82 76 If 1 quart = 0.9 liters, how many quarts are there in 18 liters? 0.5 quarts 16.2 quarts 20 quarts 23.6 quarts 20 quarts [Show Less]
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NLN PAX-RN Questions Answered correctly 2023
What are the taxonomic levels of all living beings from most to least general? domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species (dumb kings p... [Show More] lay chess on fiberGlass stools) Define homeostasis. The maintenance of equilibrium within an organism by a tendency to compensate for changes and disruptions. Define metabolism. All of the physical and chemical reactions associated with every aspect of cell life. Define anabolism. An organism's ability to synthesize larger molecules from smaller molecules. Define catabolism. An organism's ability to synthesize smaller molecules from larger ones. By what process is ATP produced? oxidative phosphorylation (OXYPHOS) What is the process by which glycogen is converted to energy? glycogenolysis What are the two main types of chemical bonds? Ionic and covalent. How are ionic bonds formed? Ionic bonds are formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another. One atom loses electrons and becomes positively charged. The other gains electrons and becomes negatively charged. These charged forms are called ions and are either positively or negatively charged. Na⁺ is an example of a positively charged ion that has lost an electron. Cl⁻ has gained an electron and is a negatively charged ion. How are covalent bonds formed? Covalent bonds are formed when electrons are shared by atoms, not pulled away completely. If the electrons in a covalent bond are shared equally, what is the bond called? nonpolar covalent If the electrons in a covalent bond are shared unequally, what is the bond called? polar covalent What is a hydrogen bond? Hydrogen bonds are weak chemical bonds formed when a hydrogen atom interacts with a nearby hydrogen atom that is already part of a covalent bond. Water molecules are held together by hydrogen bonds. Is water a polar or nonpolar molecule? A water molecule is a polar molecule as the hydrogen atoms exhibit a partial positive charge on one side, and the oxygen atom exhibits a partial negative charge on the other side. What is a calorie? The amount of heat it takes to increase the temperature of one g of H₂O by 1°C. What is hydrolysis? The breakdown of a compound (like food molecules in the human body) due to reaction with water. Define pH. pH is the value or measurement of acidity or basicity in an aqueous solution. What is the pH of pure water? 7.0 - neutral. What is the normal pH range for human blood? 7.35-7.45 What does NPO stand for and mean? non per os - no food/drink What is the difference between organic and inorganic compounds? Organic compounds contain carbon. Inorganic compounds do not (with the exception of CO₂). What are the four classes of organic compounds that are essential to all life on earth? Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids and Nucleic Acids What is a peptide bond? A peptide bond is formed when two amino acids form a bond between them and then form a string of bonded amino acids (polypeptide chain). What 3 elements make up carbohydrates? carbon, oxygen and hydrogen What are monosaccharides? simple (one) sugars such as glucose and fructose What are disaccharides? (two sugars) such as sucrose, lactose and maltose What are polysaccharides? (many sugars) such as glycogen (the form in which animals store glucose), starch (the form in which plants store glucose) and cellulose (structural polysaccharide which forms the cell walls of plants) What is the chemical formula of glucose? C₆H₁₂O₆ Give 5 examples of lipids. fats, waxes, phospholipids, oils, steroids What are 3 functions of lipids? structural components of cells, means of insulation, means of energy storage What is another name for fats and why? triglycerides - they contain 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol molecule What are HDLs? High-density lipids. (good lipids) What are LDLs? Low-density lipids. (bad lipids) What can too many LDLs lead to? clogged arteries which can cause coronary diseases such as atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis, which can cause heart attacks and cerebral vascular accidents (strokes). What is cholesterol? A unique organic lipid composed of hydrocarbon rings. Cholesterol is necessary to build and maintain cell membranes, as it gives the cell membrane plasticity so that it does not break. Cholesterol also functions to produce steroid hormones. What are nucleotides? a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA. What are some examples of nucleic acids? ATP (ADENOSINE TRI-PHOSPHATE), coenzymes (necessary for the transport of protons and electrons from one reaction site to the next), DNA, RNA. What are the two types of cell? eukaryotic and prokaryotic What are eukaryotic cells? Eukaryotic cells have a cell wall or a cell membrane (or both) forming their outer layers, cytoplasm where the organelles are located and a nucleus where the DNA/RNA and chromosomes are located. Do plants, bacteria and fungi cells have a cell wall, a cell membrane or both? both Do animal cells have a cell wall, a cell membrane or both? cell membrane only What are prokaryotic cells? Prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells and do not contain a nucleus. Their genetic information is found within a nucleoid. A bacterium is an example of a prokaryotic cell. What is another term for the cell membranes found in animal cells? Plasma membrane. What are the plasma membranes in animal cells made of? phospholipids and proteins What is the role of the cell membrane? They regulate movement of substances into and out of the cell. What is the spot on the cell membrane where substances can move in and out called? the pinocyotic vesicle What are plant cell walls made of? Cellulose fiber - a polysaccharide What are the cell walls of bacteria made of? peptidoglycan (murein) - a polymer consisting of protiens and sugars What are the cell walls of fungi made of? Chitin - a polysaccharide similar to cellulose What is the function of the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell? control center - contains genetic information (DNA in the form of chromosomes) - responsible for the cell's ability to reproduce What is the nucleolus and where is it located? The nucleolus is in the nucleus and creates the ribosomes and the RNA. What are ribosomes? The sites of protein synthesis and secretion. What is the endoplasmic reticulum? Responsible for protein production and transport. What do rough ER do? Create proteins marked for transport out of the cell. What do smooth ER do? Smooth ER breaks down toxic chemicals and makes lipids, hormones and steroids. What are golgi bodies? Golgi bodies, like ribosomes and ER, participate in protein synthesis by modifying, processing, sorting and then packaging the final product in sacs called vesicles. These vesicles carry the final product to the cell membrane. What are mitochondria? The powerhouses of the cell, converting energy from organic molecules to ATP so that it can be used when needed in cell activity and homeostasis. What are lysosomes? Tiny sacs that carry digestive enzymes. They break down old, worn-out organelles, debris and large ingested products. They clear the cytoplasm of unwanted "flotsam". What are centrioles? Responsible for microtubule production necessary for cell division during reproduction. Microtubules pull apart replicated chromosomes and move them to opposite ends of the cell. Centrioles are common in animal cells but absent in plant cells. What are vacuoles? Fluid-filled storage sacks that store water, food, salts, wastes and pigments. What are peroxisomes? Found in cytoplasm, responsible for detoxification, produce H₂O₂. Also contain enzymes responsible for the breakdown of H₂O₂ into water and oxygen. They are common in liver and kidney cells. What is a cytoskeleton? Maintains the shape of the cell with a tiny network of fibers called microtubules and microfilaments. What is tubulin? Microtubules are made of this. It is also an important part of centrioles, flagella and cilia. Name six transport phenomena by which substances can cross cell membranes. diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, active transport, passive transport, bulk transport What is diffusion? The passive movement of a substance from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. (down a concentration gradient) What is osmosis? A passive process by which molecules of a solvent travel through a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher concentration (hypertonic) to an area of lesser concentration (hypotonic), equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane. What is facilitated diffusion? Passive transport in which the molecules require assistance from special membrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane. Glucose and amino acids are examples of molecules which require transport assistance. What is active transport? Requires ATP (energy) to move materials such as ions, salts, glucose, and amino acids from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. EXAMPLES: sodium-potassium pump, endocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, exocytosis What is bulk transport? involves movements of larger molecules in one direction by pressure. Example: blood moving through vessel What are enzymes? Special proteins that act as catalysts to accelerate the reaction between specific substrates within a cell. Substrates are the substances acted upon by an enzyme. Vitamins, cofactors and coenzymes are examples of enzymes. What are the results when a cell converts ATP to energy? ATP→ADP+P+Energy ADP is adenosine diphosphate. The cell hydrolizes the third phosphate. How do plants produce ATP? Photosynthesis What are four events that occur in cellular respiration? glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation What is the first step of cellular respiration? glycolysis - the splitting of sugar which results in ADP energy and pyruvate or pyruvic acid. It occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell without oxygen present. What is the second step in cellular respiration? Transition reaction: Pyruvic acid is shuttled to the mitochondria where it is converted to a molecule of acetyl CoA for further breakdown. What is the their step in cellular respiration ? Krebs Cycle - (aka the Citric Acid Cycle) occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. In the presence of Oxygen gas (O₂), all the hydrogens (H₂) are stripped off the Acetyl CoA, two by two, to extract the electrons for making ATP, until there are no hydrogens left - and all that is left of the sugar is CO₂ - a waste product - and H₂O (exhale). The Krebs cycle results in the production of only ~4 ATPs, but produces a lot of NADH, which will go on to the next step... Hans Krebs won the Nobel Prize in 1953 for his discovery of the Citric Acid Cycle. What does NADH stand for? nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide What is the fourth step in cellular respiration? electron transport chain - Electrons from Hydrogen are carried by NADH and passed down an electron transport chain to result in the production of ATP. Results in the production of ~32 ATPs for every glucose. Peter Mitchell won the Nobel Prize in 1978 for his work on energy production in mitochondria, called the Chemiosmotic Theory. DNA is... ...a long polymer made up of repeating nucleotides. DNA is ____-stranded and RNA is ____-stranded. DNA is double-stranded and RNA is single-stranded. Name the three very important parts of nucleotides. 1) a five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose in DNA; Ribose in RNA) 2) a phosphate group (chemical group made up of oxygen and phosphorous) 3) a nitrogenous base (chemical unit composed of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen, held together by a weak hydrogen bond) What are the nitrogen bases found in DNA? adenine, guanine, cytocene, thymine In RNA, _______ replaces thymine. uracil In the double helix, what are the pairings? T-A; C-G RNA compliments DNA and is responsible for assisting protein synthesis by what three basic steps? transcription, RNA processing, translation What is deletion? type of chrmosome mutation in which a section of a chromosome is deleted What is Insertion? type of mutation in which one or more nucleotide base pairs are inserted What is substitution? aka "point mutation" - a single-base nucleotide is replaced with another nucleotide What is a somatic cell? a cell that makes up tissue, all non-reproductive cells in the human body are somatic cells What happens if a mutation occurs in a somatic cell? The mutation only affects that tissue. What happens if a mutation occurs in a primary sex cell (egg or sperm)? the mutation will be passed on to the offspring or by the gametes produced by that primary sex cell division What is a gamete? mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote. has only 23 chromosomes [Show Less]
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