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Bundle for LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT EXAM
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leadership and management nclex type questions with complete solution 2022
an accurate assessment drives the rest of the steps of the nursing process. which management function drives effective management? a. planning b. directi... [Show More] ng c. organizing d. controlling a. planning which is most basic for a nurse to have when working a management position? a. strong interpersonal communication skills b. awareness of when to be confrontational c. knowledge of the role of a change agent d. recognition by peers as a leader a. strong interpersonal communication skills a unit manager mentors a new unit manager as part of orientation to the position. what type of power is being used by the unit manager mentor? a. influence b. coercive c. referent d. expert d. expert a nurse manager considers that there are "five rights of delegation". which is a right of delegation in addition to right task, right person, right communication, and right time? a. place b. route c. feedback d. supervision d. supervision which should the manager do first to overcome resistance to change? a. ensure that the planned change is within the current beliefs and values of the group b. provide incentives to encourage commitment of participants to the change c. implement change by employing small steps rather than large steps d. use influence power to ensure that goals of change are met a. ensure that the planned change is within the current beliefs and values of the group when considering the autocratic leadership style, an "autocratic" leader is to an "authoritarian" leader as a "democratic" leader is to which type of leader? a. directive b. permissive c. oppressive d. consulatative d. consultative which nursing-care delivery model is based on case management? a. client classification system b. diagnosis related groups c. critical pathways d. primary nursing d. primary nursing which statement is most significant in relation to the concept of change theory in the health care environment? a. stages of change are predictable b. risks and benefits of change must be weighed c. activities that are new result in positive outcomes d. changes that are large are easier to adapt to than multiple smaller changes b. risks and benefits of change must be weighed several nurses complain to the nurse manager that on of the nursing assistants constantly takes extensive lunch breaks. which should the nurse manager do? a. convene a group meeting of all the nursing assistants to review their responsibilities related to time management b. talk with the nursing assistant to explore the reasons for the behavior and review expectations c. arrange a meeting with the nurses so that they can confront the nursing assistant as a group d. document the nursing assistant's behavior and place it in the aide's personnel file b. talk with the nursing assistant to explore the reasons for the behavior and review expectations which should the nurse do to ensure efficiency when managing a daily assignment? a. give care to a client in isolation first b. plan activities to promote nursing convenience c. organize care around legally required activities d. perform routine bed baths between breakfast and lunch c. organize care around legally required activities a supervisor communicates expectations about a task to be completed and then delegates the task. which management function is being implemented by the supervisor? a. planning b. directing c. organizing d. controlling b. directing a first year nursing student in the clinical area is given an appropriate client assignment by the instructor. which should the student nurse do? a. complete the care indicated on the client's plan of care b. accept the role of leader of the client's health care team c. assume accountability for the tasks that are assigned by the instructor d. help other students to complete their assigned tasks whenever necessary c. assume accountability for the tasks that are assigned by the instructor 00:02 01:22 which statement is significant in relation to the concept of change theory in the health care environment? a. barriers to change can be overcome by embracing new ideas uncritically b. change generates anxiety by moving away from the comfortable c. behaviors are easy to change when change is supported d. change is effective when spontaneous b. change generates anxiety by moving away from the comfortable which is the major task of a nurse manager? a. accomplishing an objective b. empowering others c. problem solving d. planning a. accomplishing an objective a staff nurse must solve a complex problem. which is the nurse's most effective resource? a. organizational chart of the institution b. nursing procedure manual c. unit's nurse manager d. nursing supervisor c. unit's nurse manager when delegating a specific procedure to a client care aide, the aide refuses to perform the procedure. which should the nurse do first? a. assign the procedure to another client care aide b. explain that it is part of the client care aide's job description c. explore why the client care aide refused to perform the procedure d. send the client care aide to the procedure manual to review the procedure c. explore why the client care aide refused to perform the procedure which is the first thing the nurse should do when planning to apply for a new position within an agency? a. review the job description b. provide at least several positive references c. identify if power is associated with the position d. locate the position on the agency's table of organization a. review the job description which is the most important reason why a nursing assistant must fully understand how to implement a delegated procedure? a. be capable of completing the procedure safely b. be proficient enough to perform the procedure quickly c. have the knowledge to explain the procedure to a client d. have to correct information when teaching the procedure to another nursing assistant a. be capable of completing the procedure safely a nursing team leader delegates a would irrigation to a licensed practical nurse (lpn). it has been a long time since the lpn performed this procedure. which should the nursing team leader do to ensure client safety? a. verbally describe how to perform the procedure to the lpn b. have the lpn demonstrate how to perform the procedure c. assign another lpn to assist with the procedure d. delegate the procedure to another lpn b. have the lpn demonstrate how to perform the procedure [Show Less]
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31Qw/exp-NCLEX Questions for Leadership and Management correctly answered 2022/2023
The nurse manager has asked that all staff nurses develop effective leadership competencies. How should the staff nurses interpret this request? 1. This... [Show More] is an unrealistic expectation, because only managers are leaders. 2. If the nurses learn about and use relevant leadership and management theories and styles this is possible. 3. In order to become leaders, the staff nurses will have to emphasize control, competition, and getting the job done. 4. Unless the staff nurses possess the traits of a natural born leader, this is an unrealistic expectation. Answer: 2. If the nurses learn about and use relevant leadership and management theories and styles this is possible. Rationale: 1: A nurse does not need to have a formal management position with a management title to be a leader; if nurses demonstrate leadership competencies, they are considered nurse leaders. 2: In today's health care environment, nurses must have knowledge of relevant leadership and management theories and styles. This knowledge helps nurses emerge as leaders. Nurses are also leaders of their own nursing practices. 3: Control, competition, and getting the job done are past theories and styles and are not as useful in today's environment. 4: Leadership is a skill that can be learned. Peter Drucker's view of management stimulated the shift toward the realization of the importance of participatory organizations. Which option provides a scenario that is an example of a participatory organization? 1. The control of the organization is centralized, and decisions are made by upper-level management. 2. Staff nurses are expected to provide support and nurturing for management's decisions. 3. The organization's approach to leadership is autocratic and bureaucratic. 4. Staff nurses provide input into planning and changes for their own unit. Answer: 4. Staff nurses provide input into planning and changes for their own unit. Rationale: 1: In participatory organizations, the control of the organization is decentralized and many decisions are made by those "on the front lines" of the organization. 2: The theory is that the staff should be nurtured to promote greater leadership competency. 3: According to Drucker, when staff participate in the core functions of management, the organization is more effective. 4: According to Drucker, when staff participate in the core functions of management such as planning and changes for their own units, the organization is more effective. Which behavior demonstrates the nurse's competency as an emotionally intelligent leader? 1. The nurse is proficient in technical skills. 2. The nurse relies on policies, not options. 3. The nurse supports team members. 4. Productivity is not a major concern. Answer: 3. The nurse supports team members. Rationale: 1: While technical skill is important for all nurses, it is not a hallmark of a competent leader. 2: Chaos theory states that solutions are not always clear and policies might not always be applied easily; other options might need to be considered. 3: In Emotional Intelligent theory, team members support each other and feel supported by the team leader. 4: This statement reflects the country club leadership style. Describe the primary focus of a manager in a knowledge work environment. 1. Developing the most effective teams. 2. Taking risks. 3. Routine work. 4. Understanding the history of the organization. Answer: 1. Developing the most effective teams. Rationale: 1: The most important focus of this manager is on developing and supporting effective teams, utilizing the knowledge of many. 2: Risk taking is a part of knowledge work, but is not the most important of this manager's tasks. 3: Knowledge work is a combination of routine and non-routine work, so the manager will have focus on the routine. This is not the manager's most important focus. 4: Understanding the history of the organization is important as it will help the manager work within the organization, but it is not the most important focus. A very young nurse has been promoted to nurse manager of an inpatient surgical unit. The nurse is concerned that older nurses may not respect the manager's authority because of the age difference. How can this nurse manager best exercise authority? 1. Use critical thinking to solve problems on the unit. 2. Give assignments clearly, taking staff expertise into consideration. 3. Understand complex health care environments. 4. Maintain an autocratic approach to influence results. Answer: 2. Give assignments clearly, taking staff expertise into consideration. Rationale: 1: Critical thinking is important for every RN, not just a manager 2: Giving clear assignments is a characteristic of authority. The young nurse who takes staff expertise into consideration when making assignments is likely to be more successful in leading the group. 3: Nurse managers do work in complex health care environments but must create an appropriate organizational environment as a way of exercising authority. 4: In autocratic leadership, one person has all of the power. This is not a good approach for a younger leader to adopt when working with a group of older, more experienced nurses. What statement, made in the morning shift report, would help an effective manager develop trust on the nursing unit? 1. "I know I told you that you could have the weekend off, but I really need you to work." 2. "The others work many extra shifts, why can't you?" 3. "I'm sorry, but I do not have a nurse to spare today to help on your unit. I cannot make a change now, but we should talk further about schedules and needs." 4. "I can't believe you need help with such a simple task. Didn't you learn that in school?" Answer: 3. "I'm sorry, but I do not have a nurse to spare today to help on your unit. I cannot make a change now, but we should talk further about schedules and needs." Rationale: 1: To develop trust, managers who make promises to staff must keep the promise. 2: This statement implies that the staff nurse is not a team player. It also sets up one nurse against the remainder of the staff. Effective managers must be fair and supportive with all staff. 3: This manager is standing up for staff by not allowing another unit to take a nurse today. 4: This statement is belittling to the staff nurse. This attitude does not demonstrate trust that staff performances will be effective. The nurse has just been promoted to unit manager. Which advice, offered by a senior unit manager, will help this nurse become inspirational and motivational in this new role? 1. "If you make a mistake with your staff, admit it, apologize, and correct the error if possible." 2. "Don't be too soft on the staff. If they make a mistake, be certain to reprimand them immediately." 3. "Give your best nurses extra attention and rewards for their help." 4. "Never get into a disagreement with a staff member." Answer: 1. "If you make a mistake with your staff, admit it, apologize, and correct the error if possible." Rationale: 1: Managers need to be honest and forthcoming with staff, which includes taking responsibility for one's own actions and errors. This also provides a positive role model for the staff. 2: When errors occur, the manager should use the opportunity for improvement, not punishment. 3: When staff feel some staff are given extra credit, staff will feel uncomfortable with the manager and resentment will build. 4: Staff need to feel that they can share their feedback, positive or negative, and not feel threatened when they disagree with the manager. The nurse wishes to improve personal Emotional Intelligence (EI) in hopes of a promotion to nurse manager. Which skills are important for this nurse to improve? Select all that apply. 1. Self-confidence. 2. Knowledge base of nursing. 3. Proficiency in technical skills. 4. Empathy. 5. Ability to initiate change. Answer: 1. Self-confidence. 4. Empathy. 5. Ability to initiate change. Rationale: 1: EI competencies are self-confidence, empathy, change catalyst, and visionary leadership. 2: While this is an important aspect of professional nursing, it is not a competency of EI. 3: While this is an important aspect of professional nursing, it is not a competency of EI. 4: EI competencies are self-confidence, empathy, change catalyst, and visionary leadership. 5: EI competencies are self-confidence, empathy, change catalyst, and visionary leadership. Compare and contrast manager roles and leadership roles by choosing the options that are more aligned with the manager role. Select all that apply. 1. Focus is change. 2. Have the ability to influence others. 3. Control the environment. 4. Focus is on people. 5. Focus on efficiency. Answer: 3. Control the environment. 5. Focus on efficiency. Rationale: 1: The manager accepts the status quo, while the leader challenges it. 2: The manager controls people, while the leader influences 3: The manager controls the environment, patient care, and the staff that deliver that care. 4: The leader focuses on people while the manager focuses on systems and structure. 5: Managers focus on efficiency, while leaders focus on effectiveness. Typically the nurse manager of a unit uses a participatory style of leadership. Today a patient suffered a cardiac arrest; the manager took over the patient's care, issuing orders, and expecting staff to obey them immediately. Which type of leadership did this manager exhibit today? Select all that apply. 1. Bureaucratic. 2. Autocratic. 3. Permissive. 4. Directive. 5. Authoritarian. Answer: 2. Autocratic. 4. Directive. 5. Authoritarian. Rationale: 1: This style is focused on organizational rules and policies. 2: Autocratic, directive, and authoritarian are all terms used to describe leadership in which the leader makes the decisions for the group, issues direct orders, and expects staff to immediately obey. This is an appropriate leadership style in emergencies such as a cardiac arrest. 3: This is a "hands-off" approach. 4: Autocratic, directive, and authoritarian are all terms used to describe leadership in which the leader makes the decisions for the group, issues direct orders, and expects staff to immediately obey. This is an appropriate leadership style in emergencies such as a cardiac arrest. 5: Autocratic, directive, and authoritarian are all terms used to describe leadership in which the leader makes the decisions for the group, issues direct orders, and expects staff to immediately obey. This is an appropriate leadership style in emergencies such as a cardiac arrest. There have been several patient complaints that the staff members of the unit are disorganized and that "no one seems to know what to do or when to do it." The staff members concur that they don't have a real sense of direction and guidance from their leader. Which type of leadership is this unit experiencing? 1. Autocratic. 2. Bureaucratic. 3. Laissez-faire. 4. Authoritarian. Answer: 3. Laissez-faire. Rationale: 1: Autocratic and authoritarian leaders make decisions for the group and assume people are incapable of making independent decisions. While this is not always a good leadership style, it is unlikely the complaints in this scenario would occur. 2: Bureaucratic leaders depend upon policy and rules. This is not always a good style of leadership, but it is unlikely the complaints in this scenario would occur. 3: This style of leadership can be so detached that there is no direction or real leadership. This will often be reflected in the work of the staff and the perceptions of the patients. 4: Autocratic and authoritarian leaders make decisions for the group and assume people are incapable of making independent decisions. While this is not always a good leadership style, it is likely the complaints in this scenario would occur. The nursing student clinical group is attending the first clinical session of the semester. What nursing care delivery model can these students most usually expect to follow? 1. Total patient care model. 2. Functional nursing model. 3. Primary nursing model. 4. Care management model. Answer: 1. Total patient care model. Rationale 1: Typically, student nurses follow the total patient care model and provide all of the care for a patient while in the clinical area. This model may be altered slightly to accommodate the student's progress in the nursing program or the policies of the facility. For example, the nursing student may provide all care except giving IV meds. Rationale 2: Functional nursing is a task-oriented approach where staff members are assigned to provide a specific task, such as wound care. Rationale 3: In primary nursing, the RN assumes 24-hour responsibility for planning, directing, and evaluating the patient's care, from admission to discharge. Rationale 4: The care management model, which is similar to case management, focuses on the needs of the integrated delivery system. This morning, the RN is assigned to administer medications to all of the patients on the medical-surgical unit. From this assignment, the RN knows that this organization adheres to which type of patient care delivery model? 1. Total patient care model. 2. Functional nursing model. 3. Primary nursing model. 4. Care management model. Answer: 2. Functional nursing model. Rationale 1: The staff working for an organization that uses the total patient care model are assigned to provide all of the care for a patient while in the clinical area. Rationale 2: Functional nursing is a task-oriented approach where staff members are assigned to provide a specific task, such as passing out medications for the unit. Rationale 3: IN primary nursing, the RN assumes 24-hour responsibility for planning, directing, and evaluating the patient's care, from admission to discharge. Rationale 4: The care management model, which is similar to case management, focuses on the needs of the integrated delivery system. What is a disadvantage of using the team approach for care delivery? 1. The team leader might not have the necessary leadership skills required to successfully lead the team. 2. There is a risk that care will be fragmented. 3. This approach often leads to greater staff dissatisfaction, with staff members feeling they are just grinding out tasks. 4. This approach may lead to decreased collaboration and redundancy in patient care. Answer: 1. The team leader might not have the necessary leadership skills required to successfully lead the team. Rationale 1: Using the team approach requires that the team leader have the necessary leadership skills to coordinate and delegate patient care. Rationale 2: The team approach helps keep care from becoming fragmented. Rationale 3: In this approach, each team member can contribute his or her own special expertise or skill in caring for the patient. Rationale 4: There is generally a greater amount of collaboration and less redundancy or care. The nurse is interviewing for a position in a newly opened hospital. Which observation would best indicate to this nurse that the organization follows a shared governance model? 1. Among the documents provided by the human resources department is an organizational chart of the nursing department, indicating that the director is the highest-ranking member. 2. Conversation with a staff nurse reveals that the nurse feels empowered in making patient care decisions. 3. The mission statement of the hospital describes centralized power. 4. A staff nurse mentions that each individual staff member has complete autonomy. Answer: 2. Conversation with a staff nurse reveals that the nurse feels empowered in making patient care decisions. Rationale 1: This documents that the hospital follows the classical theory of organization. Rationale 2: Shared governance increases each nurse's influence over the organization, empowering staff. Rationale 3: This is a classical organizational model. Rationale 4: Although the shared governance model does provide some autonomy, there is also an understanding that staff are expected to collaborate and function cooperatively with both management and colleagues. [Show Less]
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Leadership/Management correctly answered 2022
What is leadership? To direct operations, activity or performance or to guide someone or something along a way Assumptions about leadership Learne... [Show More] d behavior Teachable Occurs at all levels Charisma is not required Culturally influenced Followers needed Develops over time Leadership Theories: Trait Focuses on personality traits (you're born with it) Behavior leadership theory includes what? 1) autocratic leaders 2) democratic leaders 3) laissez-faire leaders Autocratic Leaders Make all the decisions and allow little to no input from employees Democratic Leaders Consult with employees and allow them some input in the decision-making process Laissez-faire Leaders Allow employees complete autonomy; would not mention the idea unless an employee came up with it Situational or contingency-based theory consists of what? 1) task orientation 2) relationship orientation 3) follower readiness (maturity) Task orientation Refers to the extent to which a leader engages in one-way communication by defining the roles of individuals and telling them what to do Relationship orientation Refers to the extent to which the leader engages in two-way communication, provides socioemotional support and uses facilitative versus directive efforts of bringing about group change Maturity Related to the group/individual's willingness or ability to accept responsibility Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory Leaders establish special relationships with a small group of followers early on Leader Participation Model Relates leadership behavior and participation in decision-making What are transactional theories? When employees are more conscious of the importance and value of their task outcomes What is organizational culture? Pattern of shared: 1) basic assumptions and 2) important understandings of the group Culture Creation Contingency Leadership Combines situational or contingency based leadership with organizational culture creations, refinements, and enhancements Leaders predefine the culture based on the needs of the external environment so that they can achieve success w/in the organization Leaders are more proactive! Dynamic Culture Leadership (DCL) model Dynamic Culture Leadership model - incorporates the organizational culture's dvlpmnt process w/transformational and transactional leadership - robust since the leadership team and management team are aligned to ensure that the knowledge, skills, and abilities of all are utilized while maintaining an appropriate organizational culture Dynamic Culture Leadership constructs DCL's 6 constructs: - Decision-making alignment - Communication improvement - Evaluation, reflecting, and retooling - Strategic planning - Employee enhancement - Knowledge management and organizational learning Based on the theory that w/process repetition and consistency, the organizational culture will align with the leadership's vision and respond to dynamic changes in the environment Kotter's Eight-Step Process If leadership causes barriers or errors, then change will not occur within the organization (ie. allowing too much complacency, declaring victory too soon, failing to create short-term wins, under communicating the vision by a factor of 10+, neglecting to anchor changes FIRMLY in corporate culture, underestimating the power of vision, failing to create a sufficiently powerful guiding coalition) What are the steps of the eight-stage process of creating major change 1) Establish a sense of urgency 2) Create the guiding coalition 3) Develop a vision and strategy 4) Communicate the change vision 5) Empower broad-based action 6) Generate short-term wins 7) Consolidate gains and produce more change 8) Anchor new approaches in the culture What is servant leadership? Philosophy that an individual's first desire is to serve. Later the individual makes a conscious decision to lead What is strengths-based leadership? A theory that implies that individuals are more effective leaders when they become aware of and understand their unique talents and capitalize on their strengths. Based on the theory of positive psychology What are "frames"? ex.? "Windows on the world of leadership and management" so you can know: 1) what you're up against 2) what you can do about it The four frames: structural, HR, political, and symbolic Structural leaders Structural leaders 1) Do homework, 2) Rethink the relationship of structure, strategy, and environment, and 3) focus on implementation Human resources leaders HR leaders believe in people and communicate their beliefs. They are: 1) visible 2) accessible 3) empower others 4) refer to employees as partners or associates What type of leaders refer to their employees as partners or associates? Human resources leaders [Show Less]
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Leadership and Management Exam 1 question and answer 2022
They influence people, create a vision, teach/coach/mentor/motivate. They develop people and teams. Future oriented, visionary, focus on purposes, empowers... [Show More] others to set and achieve organizational goals leaders Use tools at their disposal to complete tasks, focus on achieving defined results, people are a tool to get the job done. Planning, organizing, staffing, directing, controlling the present managers Differences between a leader and a manager leaders have people follow them, managers have people work for them. Managers are hired into their position, where as anyone can be a leader "leadership" utilizes individual traits and personal power to influence and guide strategy development. Leadership is considered a higher order of function than management. Leader is a role, Manager is a job title leadership styles (4) authoritarian, democratic, laissez faire, toxic, transformational, transactional, servant, strategic, and tactical leadership style where they are direct, dictates tasks, gives orders to others, and are quick decision makers authoritarian leader what type of leadership style? 1. Makes decisions through group discussions 2. Builds teamwork 3. Slow democratic what type of leadership style? 1. Complete freedom for the group 2. Leader can be either permissive or is inept laissez faire what type of leadership style? 1. abuse the positions that they have over others and often leave organizations worse than they find them 2. Micromanagers, disrespectful, unpredictable 3. Sometimes they're excellent at getting results, but often destroy others in the process toxic leadership what type of leadership style? i. A leader who motivates others to perform at their full potential ii. transforms the culture within his/her group iii. Less common iv. Preferred by nursing excellence campaigns such as magnet v. Associated with better patient outcomes vi. Leaders set a vision/serve as a role model, highly moral, cares about people vii. Lets employees determine the "how" transformational what type of leadership style? i. Focused on day-to-day operations and management of ongoing work ii. "you accomplish a task for me and I'll give you this specific reward" iii. More common iv. Thrives on rules, inflexible, staff are motivated by reward, focus is short term transactional what type of leadership style? i. Similar to transformation ii. wishes to serve others first- power and material possessions come second iii. Focuses on followers instead of organizational goal servant these people are seen served in servant leadership and accept guidance and direction from the leader (guy dancing video) follower what type of leadership style? - Broad; focuses on the direction of the organization - focuses on mission, vision, and goals strategic what type of leadership style? - Short term; focuses on specifics of how strategy is implemented - chief nurse officer vs nurse managers - commanding officer vs soliders tactical Each state legislature writes nursing laws that govern nursing in that state. These laws are made up by the state legislature on what a nurse can and can't do (governs nursing in that state), laws which define nursing. Designed to protect patients. Includes education, delegation, authority, licensure. nurse practice act what is the purpose of the state board of nursing? Board of nursing takes the legislative law and make it an administrative law What can the board of nursing do? - Has the responsibility of enforcing laws, monitoring, and managing practice - Writes regulations that clarify or specify the law - Administer licensure, accredit nursing schools, develop practice standards, address violations of the nurse practice act what are the 3 types of law? statutory, administrative, and common what type of law? this type is adopted by congress or a legislature statutory why type of law? this type is imposed by regulatory agencies in order to implement statutory law administrative what type of law? Precedents that are established by prior court decisions common what are the precedents included in common law? criminal actions, civil action, liability, malpractice, negligence, malpractice, consent, advance directives, consent A precedent of common law in which those that are offensive or harmful to society criminal actions A precedent of common law in which those that harm the rights of an individual (Actions against a person can be criminal, civil or both) civil action A precedent of common law in which those who harm another individual can be held legally liable. liability wrongful act included in malpractice and negligence acts tort an type of tort in which an act was meant to cause harm intentional tort a tort in which somebody is harmed but there was no negligence or bad intention (Ex. something falls and hurts somebody) liability tort a precedent in common law where someone fails to act like a professional would. Poor professional judgment, you as a nurse are not doing what the other nurse would malpractice a precedent of common law in which you fail to act like a reasonable person would. This includes malpractice. It DOES NOT have a professional component. You as a person are not doing what another person would. negligence what is the value of malpractice insurance? The employer could sue you if they are found liable for something you did. In the event of a lawsuit or settlement, the employer will put their needs ahead of yours. It will protect you against advice to neighbors or volunteer activities. May insure you against a broader range of liabilities than the employer would. a precedent of the common law was designed to promote and maintain patient autonomy. Patients have to be informed of the risks, benefits and alternatives by the treating provider. It is required for invasive or risky procedures. Nurses can be witnesses and ensure it, doctors must get it. consent living will + POA advance directives An advance directive that directs the medical care in the event that an individual does not have the ability to do so themselves. Usually include CPR, DNR, intubation and artificial nutrition. living will An advance directive that names a person of trust to make medical decisions on a person's behalf in the event that they are unable to do so for themselves. Medical POA Ability to make your own decisions. Nurses practice this when working within their scope of practice, making choices and weighing options. autonomy The obligation to do good- the client's welfare is above all. beneficence The obligation to avoid harm nonmaleficence Just behavior or treatment. Fairness to all justice faithfulness to a person, cause of belief fidelity Telling the truth veracity prohibits the disclosure of information without the patient's permission. confidentiality The right for limited access to information to be distributed privacy [Show Less]
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Leadership & Management: Leadership, Management, & Motivational Theories questions
management ___ is the process of leading and directing all or part of an organization through the deployment and manipulation of resources leadersh... [Show More] ip ___ is the process in which the leader influences or inspires others toward goal achievement leadership and management Integration of both ___ and ___ is critical to long-term viability of today's health-care organizations. Applying what is needed in a given situation to improve performance -Leaders -managers "___ are people who do the right thing; ___ are people who do things right" Warren Bennis & Burt Nanus (1985) management ___ involves the organization and coordination of the activities of a business in order to achieve defined objectives ex. Planning, organizing & staffing, leading and controlling actions to achieve goals priorities Daily activities of managers are diverse, fast-paced, and full of interruptions. Ability to set ___, make decisions and interact with others is KEY -Information processing roles -Interpersonal roles -Decisional roles what are 3 roles of a manager but are not limited too? Information processing roles ___ is a role of a manager that involves: monitor, disseminator and spokesperson of information Ex. in charge of getting information and giving out information Interpersonal roles ___ is a role of a manager that involves: figurehead, leaders and liaison to manage relationships with people Ex. Human Resources Decisional roles ___ is a role of a manager that involves: entrepreneur, disturbance handler, allocator of resources, and negotiator with regards to decision-making -Human resources (nurses, lab techs, etc) -Financial resources (reimbursement) -Physical resources (hospital, computers, supplies) -Information resources (interpreting software, access to EBP books, etc) what are the 4 types of resources to accomplish nurse manager's purpose Leadership •Guiding vision, passion, integrity (Bennis & Nanus) •Intelligence, self-confidence, DETERMINATION, integrity & sociability (Stodgill) •Visionary, enthusiastic, supportive •Knowledgeable, high standards & expectations •Demonstrate power and status •Visible and responsible, communicate openly •Demonstrate caring, trustworthiness & flexibility •DRIVE, desire to lead, honesty, integrity, self-confidence, cognitive ability, and knowledge of the business these are characteristics of ___ honest "The world is moved not only by the mighty shoves of heroes, but also by the aggregate of the tiny pushes of each ___ worker." — Helen Keller leadership -Maximize effectiveness -Create change -Risk taking -Empower others -Motivate -Inspire & align others -Vision -Accountable to organization these are characteristics of ___ management -Control complexity -Bring order & consistency -Predictable -Planning & organizing -Budget & Staffing -Problem solving -Accountable to team -Accountable to units these are characteristics of ___ -Management -leadership "___ is efficiency in climbing the ladder of success; ___ determines whether the ladder is leaning against the right wall."— Stephen R. Covey behaviors -Treats employees as unique individuals -Inspires and stimulates critical thinking -Assists with adapting to change -Is visible and flexible -Offers guidance, assistance, and feedback -Communicate vision, establishes trust, empowers others -Motivates employees to achieve goals these are ___ of integrated leader-managers qualities -Effective communicator -Promotes interprofessional collaboration -Credible -Critical thinking -Initiator of action -Risk taker -Persuasive and influences employees these are ___ of integrated leader-managers traits •Think long-term •Think bigger picture (organization wide) •Influences others beyond own group •Emphasize vision, values, and motivation •Politically astute (see how politics work, power) •Embrace change and renewal these are ___ of integrated leader-managers role -Executive/top level -Mid-level -First level How managers spend their time on particular roles or functions varies by the level of their positions in the organizations. what are the 3 levels of management? Frontline manager or first level -Charge Nurse -Team Leader -Case Manager -Client Care Coordinator -Primary Care Nurse these are examples of which level of management? Frontline manager or first level ___ supervises those involved with the delivery of client care; day to day activities Frontline manager or first level ___ are responsible for coordinating activity of all staff who provide client care and supervise team members during the manager's period of accountability (assigned shift) Middle Management -Unit Manager/Director -Nursing (House) Supervisor -Coordinators these are examples of which level of management? middle management ___ responsibilities include supervising staff, preparing budgets, preparing work schedules, writing and implementing policies that guide client care and unit operations, and maintaining quality of client services. They also integrate day to day operations with organizational goals, strategic planning, and policy making hires, fires and evaluates Middle Management analyzes, appraises and interprets performance (they are responsible for the ___, ___, and ___). They are also accountable for quality patient care graduate degree what level of education is typically needed for middle management? 24 In larger institutions- Middle management can be responsible for multiple nurse managers/units with ___-hour responsibility 24 hour responsibility what is the biggest difference between first level management and middle level management? Executive (upper/top) Nursing Management -Chief Nursing Officer (CNO) -Chief Nursing Executive (CNE) -Director of Nursing (DON) these are examples of which level of management? Executive (upper/top) Nursing Management ___ supervises numerous departments and works closely with the administrative/executive team of the organization establishing Executive (upper/top) Nursing Management involved in ___ organizational goals and strategic planning with key stakeholders final Executive (upper/top) Nursing Management ensures client care is consistent with the objectives, goals, philosophy and vision or the organization. They are able to set organizational goals, values, etc and are the ones who make the ___ decision Strategic Management ___ emphasizes fit or alignment between the organization's strategy, external environment, and internal structure and capability Strategic Management ___ links quality improvement efforts to core strategies and capabilities of the organization to meet organizational needs -Scientific Management -Bureaucratic Management -Fayol's Management Functions -Human Relations Management what are the 4 types of Management Theories Fredrick Taylor ___ is the father of scientific management Scientific Management ___ involved the use of the scientific method to maximize productivity competency with Scientific Management, workers hired, trained, and promoted based on ___ and abilities production with Scientific Management, workers are externally motivated and reimbursed by level of ___ the drive comes from external sources (such as money). Get paid based on level of production assembly line what is an examples of Scientific Management? Max Weber ___ is the father of Bureaucratic Management Bureaucratic Management ___ involved hierarchical superior-subordinate communication transmitted from top to bottom via clear chain of command Bureaucratic Management ___ relies on organizational policies and procedures for decision making. Believes that individuals are motivated by external sources Merit/skill (how good of a job your doing) with Bureaucratic Management, ___ as basis for promotion and reward Bureaucratic Management •Hierarchical superior-subordinate communication transmitted from top to bottom via clear chain of command •Relies on organizational policies and procedures for decision making •Believes that individuals are motivated by external sources •Merit/skill as basis for promotion and reward •Uses rules and regulations •Focuses on technical competence these are characteristics of ___ [Show Less]
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Marquis Leadership 8e Ch 2: Introduction to Management correctly answered 2022
Which represents the management functions that are incorporated into the management process? A) Planning, directing, organizing, staffing, and evaluating... [Show More] B) Planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling C) Organizing, planning, staffing, directing, and evaluating D) Organizing, staffing, planning, implementing, and controlling Ans: B Feedback: Management functions include planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. These are incorporated into what is known as the management process. What does traditional management science focuses upon? A) Meeting worker satisfaction B) Delineating barriers to productivity C) Using a laissez-faire approach D) Encouraging employee participation Ans: B Feedback: Classical, or traditional, management science focuses on production in the workplace and on delineating organizational barriers to productivity. Little attention was given to worker job satisfaction, and workers were assumed to be motivated solely by economic rewards. What assumption about workers does Theory X hold? A) Workers will naturally put forth effort B) Workers need threats to be motivated C) Workers are diligent and responsible D) Workers are in tune with organizational needs Ans: B Feedback: Theory X managers believe that their employees are basically lazy, need constant supervision and direction, and are indifferent to organizational needs. What does the Hawthorne effect implied about people? A) Human beings under investigation will respond to the fact that they are being studied B) Production will increase or decrease as light in a factory is increased or decreased C) Membership in small groups forms social control D) People are inherently good and will seek out work Ans: A Feedback: Hawthorne effect indicated that people respond to the fact that they are being studied, attempting to increase whatever behavior they feel will continue to warrant the attention. The other statements do not reflect implied beliefs about people. Managing conflict among staff members would occur in which part of the management process? A) Planning B) Organizing C) Directing D) Evaluating Ans: C Feedback: Directing sometimes includes several staffing functions. However, this phase's functions usually entail human resource management responsibilities, such as motivating, managing conflict, delegating, communicating, and facilitating collaboration. Planning encompasses determining philosophy, goals, objectives, policies, procedures, and rules; carrying out long- and short-range projections; determining a fiscal course of action; and managing planned change. Organizing includes establishing the structure to carry out plans, determining the most appropriate type of patient care delivery, and grouping activities to meet unit goals. What is the idea that workers should be hired, trained, and promoted based on their competence and abilities related to? A) Part of the management functions identified by Fayol B) The result of the human relations studies C) The outcome of studies done by Mayo at the Hawthorne Works D) One of the four overriding principles of scientific management Ans: D Feedback: Frederick Taylor, the ìfather of scientific management,î had the idea that workers should be hired, trained, and promoted based on their competence and abilities. This concept is not associated with any of the other options. Max Weber, a well-known German sociologist, began to study large-scale organizations to determine what made some more efficient than others. What was his conclusion? A) Workers had to have a say in management to work most effectively B) Consistent rules and regulations for workers increased efficiency C) Employees should feel appreciated and valued D) Workers need frequent rest periods to increase overall production Ans: B Feedback: Weber saw the need for legalized, formal authority and consistent rules and regulations for personnel in different positions. He thus proposed bureaucracy as an organizational design. None of the other options reflect his conclusions. Which leadership style maintains strong control over the work group and uses coercion to motivate others? A) Authoritarian B) Democratic C) Laissez-faire D) A contingency approach Ans: A Feedback: Lewin identified three common leadership styles: authoritarian, democratic, and laissezfaire. Authoritarian leadership results in well-defined group actions that are usually predictable, reducing frustration in the work group and giving members a feeling of security. Productivity is usually high, but creativity, self-motivation, and autonomy are reduced. Authoritarian leadership is frequently found in very large bureaucracies such as the armed forces. Coercion to motivate is not associated with the other options. Which statement about situational or contingency leadership theory is correct? A) High relationship behavior is much more essential to a good manager than high task behavior B) This leadership model is effective in bureaucratic organizations because it is task focused C) Management should be consistent in different situations so workers understand what is expected of them D) The leadership style chosen by a manager should reflect the task/relationship behavior of those being managed Ans: D Feedback: The idea that leadership style should vary according to the situation or the individuals involved was first suggested almost 100 years ago by Mary Parker Follett, one of the earliest management consultants and among the first to view an organization as a social system of contingencies. The other options present statements that are incorrect. Which statement depicts leadership? A) A leadership position is assigned B) A leadership position carries a legitimate source of power C) Members of a group will follow a person in a leadership position only by choice D) Leadership requires meeting organizational goals Ans: C Feedback: A leader is the person who guides direction, opinion, and course of action without having an assigned position within the formal organization and so people choose to follow them. The other options are not accurate descriptions of leadership. Gardner states that integrated leaders-managers distinguish themselves from more traditional managers in six ways. Which is a distinguishing trait of a traditional manager rather than an integrated leader-manager? A) They are politically astute B) They look outward, toward the larger organization C) They extend influence only to their own group D) They emphasize vision, values, and motivation Ans: C Feedback: Traditional managers influence those in their own groups while integrated leaders influence others beyond their own group. The remaining options represent traits that may be shared by both types. What concept does early leadership-theory development suggest? A) Leadership is a process of influencing others within an organizational culture B) The interactive relationship between the leader and the follower is significant C) Some are born to lead, whereas others are born to be led D) Vision and empowerment are two of the most critical leadership skills Ans: C Feedback: Early leadership theorists focused on broad conceptualizations of leadership that assumed that people have certain characteristics or personality traits that make them better leaders than others. The remaining options do not describe a concept suggested by early leadership-theory development. Which is a characteristic of Theory Z? A) Non-consensus decision making B) Fitting employees to their jobs C) Rapid career promotions D) Authoritative problem solving Ans: B Feedback: Characteristics of Theory Z include fitting employees to their jobs, consensus decision making, job security, slower promotions, examining the long-term consequences of management decision making, quality circles, guarantee of lifetime employment, establishment of strong bonds of responsibility between superiors and subordinates, and a holistic concern for the workers. What type of leader is the person who is committed, has a vision, and is able to empower others with this vision? A) Transactional B) Transformational C) Interactional D) Bureaucratic Ans: B Feedback: Transformational leadership positively impacts the leader and the follower, who have a collective purpose. The traditional manager, concerned with the day-to-day operations, was termed a transactional leader. The remaining options are not associated with these characteristics. How many primary leadership styles have been identified? A) One B) Two C) Three D) Four Ans: C Feedback: Three primary leadership styles have been identified: authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire. What type of management was emphasized in the human relations era of management? A) Participatory B) Authoritarian C) Democratic D) Laissez-faire Ans: A Feedback: The human relations era of management science emphasized concepts of participatory and humanistic management. Three primary leadership styles have been identified: authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire. What is a distinguishing trait of integrated leader-managers? Select all that apply. A) Inward thinkers B) Long-term thinkers C) Concerned with employee motivation D) Possess influence beyond their own group Ans: B, C, D Feedback: Gardner asserted that integrated leader-managers possess six distinguishing traits: They influence others beyond their own group; they emphasize vision, values, and motivation; they think longer term; they look outward, toward the larger organization they are politically astute; they think in terms of change and renewal. What is the basic premise of the interactional theory? A) Leadership behavior is generally determined by the relationship between the leader's personality and the specific situation B) Manager behaviors are generally determined by the relationship between the manager's personality and the specific situation. C) Both managers and followers have the ability to raise each other to higher levels of motivation and morality. D) Both leaders and followers have the ability to raise each other to higher levels of motivation and morality. Ans: A Feedback: The basic premise of interactional theory is that leadership behavior is generally determined by the relationship between the leader's personality and the specific situation. Transformational leadership is where both leaders and followers have the ability to raise each other to higher levels of motivation and morality. It is the idea that context is an important mediator of transformational leadership, that led to the creation of full range leadership theory early in the 21st century. This theory originally developed by Antonakis, Avolio, and Sivasubramaniam suggests how many transformational factors impacting leadership style and its impact on followers? A) One B) Three C) Five D) Nine Ans: C Feedback: There are nine factors impacting leadership style and its impact on followers; five are transformational, three are transactional, and one is a nonleadership or laissez-faire leadership factor. What type of manager is concerned with the day-to-day operations? A) Transactional B) Transformational C) Interactional D) Bureaucratic Ans: A Feedback: The traditional manager, concerned with the day-to-day operations, is termed a transactional leader. This is not a characteristic of the other options. What is the typical focus of managers? Select all that apply. A) Establishing a legitimate source of power B) Delegating responsibilities to staff members C) Formulate the budget to achieve the stated goals D) Direct attention to the management of unwilling subordinates Ans: A, B, C Feedback: The manager is typically involved in the delegation of responsibilities through the power of the legitimate power associated with the position. To manipulate people, the environment, money, time, and other resources to achieve organizational goals is also a manager's focus. Attention to both willing and unwilling subordinates as well as established responsibilities is associated with the role of the manager. Which activity is associated with a leadership role? Select all that apply. A) Mentoring two new managers B) Establishing goals for the coming year C) Advocating for employee regarding personal policies D) Providing a motivational speech at the new employee orientation Ans: A, B, C, D Feedback: Leadership roles include mentoring, decision making, advocating, andenergizing. Risk taking is also considered a leadership role. The failure to engage in which activity is considered a fatal flaw of leadership? Select all that apply. A) Collaboration B) Communication C) Self-improvement D) Staff development Ans: A, B, C, D Feedback: Leadership is flawed and likely ineffective when the leader does not collaborate and communicate effectively with others in the organization. The improvement and development of both others and oneself is vital to the effectiveness of a leader. Clear forward thinking is associated with good leadership. Which statement by a subordinate demonstrates the greatest problem for the leader? A) ìYour plans for the changes will be difficult to implement.î B) ìI don't think you heard what the rest of us had to say.î C) ìDo you have an idea what direction we need to go?î D) ìCan you tell me why my suggestion will not work?î Ans: A Feedback: The statement is a clear indication that the subordinate feels the leader is not listening and collaborating; this is a fatal flaw. The other statements are more open to explanation by and with the subordinate and leader. Which function of the management process involves the performance evaluation of staff? A) Planning B) Organizing C) Staffing D) Controlling Ans: D Feedback: Controlling is the function that includes performance appraisals, fiscal accountability, quality control, legal and ethical control, and professional and collegial control. [Show Less]
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Leadership & Management Exam 1 correctly answered 2022
Define leadership: ability to influence people to work toward the meeting of stated goals Define management: act of planning, organizing, staffing... [Show More] , directing, and controlling to achieve organizational goals Define total patient care: model of care in which RN assumes full accountability for care of a group of patients Define case management: model of care in which RN integrates delivery of clinical services in combination with financial services Define primary nursing: model of care in which one RN assumes accountability for care delivered by another personnel in 24hr period Define team nursing: model of care in which a group of staff members led by a nurse provides care Define functional nursing: model of care in which nursing work is allocated according to specific tasks/skills What traits do leaders need? future oriented, visionary, focus on purposes, empower others to set/achieve organized goals What are the characteristics of management? 1)produces a degree of predictability/order 2)produce short term results, administers What are the characteristics of leadership? 1)produces change, often to a dramatic degree 2)potential to produce extreme useful change 3)has long range perspective, innovator What is transactional leadership? 1)an exchange between leader and the employee 2)needs of employee are identified & the leader provides rewards exchange for performance 3)takes place in HIERARCHAL ORGANIZATION What is hierarchal organization? is one where decision making occurs at the top of the structure and is communicated to the employees What is transformational leadership? 1)consultative & collaborative 2)contains 5 basic practices 3)shared governance What are the 5 basic practices in transformational leadership? 1)challenging the process, questioning the ways that things have always been done, and creatively thinking in new ways of doing things 2)motivating & inspiring shared vision or bringing everyone together 3)empowering others to act 4)modeling change 5)praising the employee for the work done What does a flat organizational structure signify? the removal of hierarchy layers, demonstrating that the authority for action occurs at the point of service Employees of functional structures: 1)report to manager or VP 2)professional expertise What are product line structures? functions necessary to produce a specific service--under the control of single manager What are the benefits of product line structure? coordination of al services within the speciality & a similarity of focus What are matrix structures? 1)they combine both function and service line in an integrated service structure 2)need collaboration between both What factors are used to deciding on the type of organizational model? financial, staffing, capabilities, patient population, organizational mission, philosophy What are the fundamental elements of any patient care delivery system? clinical decision making, work allocation, communication, management, coordination, accountability What is total patient care? 1)oldest model of providing care 2)1 RN assumes accountability for the complete care of the group ("primary nursing") 3)care responsibility doesn't extend past shift 3)seen in private duty nursing/ICUs What are the advantages of total patient care? 1)quality of care 2)continuity of care for a given shift 3)high pt satisfaction 4)decrease hand off time 5)reduces need for supervision 6)allow 1 person to do more than 1 task What are the key steps in decision making? id the problem, evaluate the potential solutions to problem, seek alternative solutions, select the best solution for everyone What are the three levels of management? 1)nurse manager-higer/fire, complaints, watch 1 unit 2)director-looks over multi units 3)chief nurse officer-advocate for others,establish RN goals, set up budgeting What are the disadvantages of total patient care? 1)may not be cost effective 2)RNs dislike doing "CNA" tasks What is functional nursing? 1)work is allocated according to specific tasks/tech skills 2)Charge id task/work assigned 3)efficient during RN shortage What are the advantages of functional nursing? 1)large # of tasks completed in a shift 2)efficient financially 3)staff trained to master one task (i.e iv therapy) What are the disadvantages of functional nursing? 1)decreased pt/RN satisfaction 2)fragmented communication/accountability 3)unit coordination = charge responsibility What is team nursing? a delivery approach that uses a group of staff members led by a RN--supports group work & productivity What are the advantages of team nursing? 1)supervision of new RN 2)increase quality of care 3)1 person coordinates care What are the disadvantages of team nursing? 1)need increase time to communicate 2)more staff = more expenses 3)increased time needed to supervise, coordinate, delegate [Show Less]
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LEADERSHIP/MANAGEMENT PRACTICE QUESTIONS with complete solution latest 2022
A model of care in which the nurse assumes full accountability for care of a group of patients is: A. Case management B. Primary nursing C. Functi... [Show More] onal nursing D. Total patient care D A schematic description of a theory, phenomenon, or system that depicts how nurses practice, collaborate, communicate, and develop professionally to provide the highest level of care (American Nurses Credentialing Center, 2013) is: A. Professional practice model B. Care delivery system C. Case management model D. Functional system A 00:20 01:22 Which type of structure is a hierarchy that follows a chain of command concept and is characterized by top-down decision making? A. Decentralized B. Organizational C. Functional D. Matrix B A decentralized leadership structure would be one that allows decision making: A. At senior levels B. By the board of trustees C. At the point of care D. By all involved C Which of the following is a disadvantage of primary nursing? A. Improved quality and continuity of care B. Simplified communication C. Increased nurse satisfaction D. Increased number of hours of care per day requires greater number of registered nurses D Which of the following structures arranges services and departments according to their function? A. Organizational B. Functional C. Primary D. Centralized B The type of patient care in which the nurse caring for the patient makes most decisions is: A. Functional B. Team C. Case management D. Total patient care D Which model of nursing mixes both process and delivery? A. Modular B. Case management C. Primary care D. Team nursing B Which of the following describes an integrated structure? A. Providers agree to accept the risk of caring for a particular patient segment or population for a pre-established fee B. Combines both function and service line C. Arranges services and departments according to function D. The nurse is responsible to the nurse manager and vice president of nursing A The reorganization of health care systems were developed to: A. Provide for care throughout the various transitions of care B. Change the levels of nursing authority in the institution C. Provide for care in one facility at a time D. Prevent partnerships, which would lead to less income A The mission of an organization: A. Sets the competitive tone B. States what is done by the organization C. Measures the performance of a unit D. Defines the philosophy of an institution A The vision of an organization is: A. A statement defining the purpose of the organization B. A future-oriented statement of where the organization sees itself C. Philosophy or behaviors determined to be vital to the organization D. An analysis of the political, demographic, and social environment of the organization B [Show Less]
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