WJEC Criminology Unit 2 (New 2024/ 2025 Update) Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct| A Grade
QUESTION
Neurochemicals
Answer:
The
... [Show More] brain's chemistry can be altered by chemicals, e.g. bodybuilders who use steroids have higher testosterone levels.
QUESTION
Social Learning Theory (Bandura)
Answer:
He believed that people learn by watching the behaviour of others. He conducted a series of experiments using a bobo doll.
QUESTION
Sutherland et al (1992)
Answer:
People learn criminal behaviour through their differential associations (their interactions with others). People learn methods of how to commit crime from those around them, e.g. prisons are called "universities of crime".
QUESTION
Sigmund Freud
Answer:
He argued that criminality is linked to guilt from childhood experiences.
A healthy personality needs a balance between the three parts of the psyche (id, ego, superego).
Children need to progress from the pleasure principle (id dominated) to the reality principle (ego dominated).
QUESTION
John Bowlby (1944)
Answer:
He found that a large percentage of juvenile delinquents had experienced maternal deprivation.
QUESTION
Control group
Answer:
A group in an experiment that does not receive treatment from the researchers and are used as a benchmark to measure how the other subjects did.
QUESTION
Hans Eysenck
Answer:
He believed that certain personality types are more likely to commit crime because they crave excitement. He linked crime to three personality types: extrovert, neurotic and psychotic.
QUESTION
Extrovert
Answer:
An outgoing and unreserved personality
QUESTION
Neurotic
Answer:
Irrational feelings of anxiety, worry, anger and fear
QUESTION
Psychoticism
Answer:
A cold, uncaring and aggressive personality.
QUESTION
Marxist theories of crime
Answer:
Crime is inevitable in a capitalist society. It is used by the ruling class as a form of social control.
Institutions such as schools, the family, religion and the criminal justice system encourage people to conform.
White collar crime tends to be ignored but crime committed by less powerful people are seen as more serious.
Different social classes are policed differently.
Governments fabricate crime statistics to suit their purposes.
QUESTION
Functionalist theories of crime (Durkheim)
Answer: [Show Less]