Constructivist Theory
Reading is a process in which the reader actively searches for meaning in what she reads. Builds on prior
... [Show More] knowledge.
sociocultural theory
Similiar to constructivist. Learning is social rather than individual. Learners work together.
Schema
A conceptual framework a person uses to make sense of the world
Reader Response Theory
Focuses on reader reaction more than text itself. Text has no meaning before a reader experiences reading it and reacting to it.
Stages of writing development
Scribbling/Drawing
Letter-like forms and shapes
Letters
Letters and spaces
Conventional writing and spelling
Stages of Reading Development
Emergent readers
Early readers
Transitional readers
Fluent readers
Gradual release of responsibility
I do (focus lesson), we do (guided instruction), you do (collaborative), and you do (independent)
Strategies for vocabulary development
Teach synonyms
Teach antonyms
Paraphrase definitions
Provide examples
Provide non-examples
Ask for sentences "show you know"
Teach word sorting
List-Group-Label
Structured brainstorming think of words, group words, label groups
balanced literacy framework
Used whole language and phonics, multiple methods. Read aloud, guided reading, shared reading, interactive writing, shared writing, reading workshop, writing workshop, word study.
Reading skills taught in balanced literacy framework
Concepts of print
Phonological/phonemic awareness
Phonics
Fluency
Vocabulary
Comprehension
concepts of print
awareness of directionality, book cover, title. Spacing, functions of letter.
phonemic awareness
The ability to hear, identify,and manipulate the individual sounds, phonemes, in oral language.
Phonics
the sounds that letters make and the letters that are used to represent sounds
Fluency
how clearly a person can read (with speed and expression). Recognizing words quickly and comprehending.
Vocabulary
A group of words that a person knows or should know
Comprehension
Level of learning characterized by ability to translate or interpret information.
Developmentally appropriate reading strategies for kindergarten
Creating a literate environment
Reading opportunities
Free reading
Books for specific purposes
Phonemic awareness
Letter-sound associations
Writing opportunities
Language-experience activities (student says something, teacher writes it, student reads it)
Shared reading and writing experiences
Making books
Mailboxes
Play centers
Listening and speaking
morning message
Develop and nurture a sense of belonging and purpose while engaging in a variety of literacy experiences
Alphabetic Phases
are the order in which alphabetic knowledge develops.
Pre-alphabetic
Partial alphabetic
Full alphabetic
Consolidated alphabetic
Automatic
decoding
A student uses knowledge of letter-sound relationships to accurately read a word
running record
a written record of reading that is enduring and easily accessed and covers an extensive period of time
RTI Tier 1
High-Quality Classroom Instruction, Screening, and Group Interventions
RTI Tier 2
Targeted interventions, small groups
RTI Tier 3
Intensive Interventions and Comprehensive Evaluation, individualized learning
Differentiation for struggling readers
Tiered assignments
Compacting
Interest centers or groups
Flexible grouping
Learning contracts
Choice boards
Cognates
Words that look similar and have the same origin in two languages.
5 stages of writing process
Prewriting
Drafting
Revising
Editing
Publishing
Writing activities to help students learn and understand
Note taking
Brainstorming
Quick writing
Semantic mapping
Venn diagrams
Journals
Programmed reading instruction
Self-paced, self-administered, in a logical sequence. [Show Less]