Classic EKG finding in atrial flutter
"Sawtooth" p waves
Definition of unstable angina
Angina that is new, is worsening, or occurs at
... [Show More] rest
Antihypertensive for a diabetic patient with proteinuria
ACEI
Beck's triad for cardiac tamponade
Hypotension, distant heart sounds, and JVD
Drugs that slow heart rate
Beta-blockers, CCBs, digoxin, amiodarone
Hypercholesterolemia treatment that leads to flushing and pruritus
Niacin
Murmur - hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
A systolic ejection murmur heard along the lateral sternal border that increases with decreased preload (i.e. Valsalva maneuver)
Murmur - aortic insufficiency
Austin Flint murmur, a diastolic, decrescendo, low-pitched, blowing murmur that is best heard sitting up; increases with increased afterload (i.e. handgrip)
Murmur - aortic stenosis
A systolic crescendo/decrescendo murmur that radiates to the neck; increases with increased preload (i.e. squatting)
Murmur - mitral regurgitation
A holosystolic murmur that radiates to the axillar; increases with increased afterload (handgrip)
Murmur - mitral stenosis
A diastolic, mid to late, low-pitched murmur preceded by an opening snap
Treatment for atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter
If unstable, cardiovert. If stable or chronic, rate control with CCBs or beta-blockers
Treatment for ventricular fibrillation
Immediate cardioversion
Dressler's syndrome
An autoimmune reaction with fever, pericarditis and increased ESR occurring 2-4 weeks post-MI
IV drug use with JVD and holosystolic murmur at left sternal border. Treatment?
Treat existing heart failure and replace tricuspid valve
Diagnostic test for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Echocardiogram (showing a thickened left ventricular wall and outflow obstruction)
Pulsus paradoxus
A decrease in systolic BP of > 10 mmHg with inspiration; seen in cardiac tamponade
Classic ECG finding in pericarditis
Low-voltage, diffuse ST-segment elevation
Definition of hypertension
BP > 140/90 on 3 separate occasions 2 weeks apart
Eight surgically correctable causes of HTN
Renal artery stenosis, coarc of aorta, pheo, Conn's, Cushing's syndrome, unilateral renal parenchymal dz, hyperthyroid, hyperparathyroid
Evaluation of pulsatile abdominal mass and bruit
Abdominal U/S and CT
Indications for surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm
>5.5cm, rapidly enlarging, symptomatic, ruptured
Treatment for acute coronary syndrome
ASA, heparin, clopidogrel, morphine, oxygen, sublingual nitro, IV beta-blockers
Metabolic syndrome
Abdominal obesity, high triglycerides, low HDL, hypertension, insulin resistance, prothrombotic or proinflammatory states
Appropriate diagnostic test: 50yo male with stable angina can exercise to 85% of maximum predicted heart rate
Exercise stress treadmill with ECG
Appropriate diagnostic test: 65yo female with LBBB and severe OA has unstable angina
Pharmacologic stress test (e.g. dobutamine echo)
Target LDL in a patient with diabetes
<70mg/dL
Signs of active ischemia during stress testing
Angina, ST-segment changes on ECG or decreased BP
ECG findings suggestive of MI
ST-segment elevation (depression means ischemia), flattened T waves, Q waves
Coronary territories in MI
Anterior wall (LAD/diagonal), inferior (PDA), posterior (left circumflex/oblique, RCA/marginal), septum (LAD/diagonal)
A young patient with angina at rest and ST-segment elevation with normal cardiac enzymes
Prinzmetal's angina
Common symptoms associated with silent MIs
CHF, shock, AMS
Diagnostic test for PE
Spiral CT with contrast
Protamine
Reverses effects of heparin [Show Less]