What is the best measure of the adequacy of cellular perfusion and helps predict the outcome of resuscitation? - ✔✔ Base deficit used in conjunction
... [Show More] with serum lactate
Will hypocapnia cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation, especially in the cerebral vasculature? - ✔✔ Vasoconstriction
What results from tissue hypo perfusion and oxygen deficit? - ✔✔ Metabolic acidosis
What type of shock results in generalized vasodilation? - ✔✔ Neurogenic shock
Spinal cord injuries at C3-C5 causes loss of what nerves function, resulting in what? - ✔✔ Phrenic nerve; paralyzed diaphragm and inability to breath
Extremity elevation AT the level of the heart is beneficial for what type of injury? - ✔✔ Compartment Syndrome
What is a high risk of frostbite? - ✔✔ Thrombus formation
What two medications can be administered to maintain perfusion after a frostbite injury along with rewarming? - ✔✔ Tissue plasminogen activator or non steroidal anti-inflammatory medication (NSAIDS)
An rise in diastolic blood pressures is a sign of increasing what? - ✔✔ Peripheral resistance
What position will benefit the airway and work of breathing for the bariatric patient? - ✔✔ Reverse Trendelenburg
Which phase of a blast results from flying debris, projectiles, and bomb fragments causing lacerations or penetrating injuries? - ✔✔ Secondary Phase
What phase of a blast results from any explosion-related illness or injury including hyperglycemia, hypertension, angina, asthma, COPD, or sepsis? - ✔✔ Quaternary Phase
What phase of a blast results from individuals being thrown by the blast and impacting walls, ground, or any hard object? - ✔✔ Tertiary Phase
What phase of a blast results from impact of the over and under pressurization wave with body surfaces. Injuries include blast lung, tympanic membrane rupture, abdominal hemorrhage, globe rupture, and mild traumatic brain injury? - ✔✔ Primary Phase
Signs of what include muscle pain or weakness, dark red or brown urine, general weakness or malaise, and elevated creatinine kinase levels? - ✔✔ Rhabdomyolosis
Signs of what include anxiety, pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, hypoxemia, hemoptysis, cough, orthopnea, adventitious lung sounds, decreased lung sounds, jugular vein distention, or hypotension? - ✔✔ Pulmonary Embolus
Signs of what include headache, nausea and vomiting, amnesia, behavioral changes, altered level of consciousness? - ✔✔ Increased intracranial pressure
Signs of what include asymmetric pupillary reactivity, unilateral dilation, widening pulse pressure, abnormal motor posturing, bradycardia, and decreased respiratory effort? - ✔✔ Late signs of increased ICP with Herniation Syndrome
What is caused by the tear of the bridging veins or middle meningeal artery? - ✔✔ Subdural and Epidural Hematoma
Affect concentration, memory, sleep, mode, and libido. Causes headaches, dizziness and nausea. - ✔✔ Postconcussive Syndrome/ Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Signs and symptoms similar to early signs of increased ICP but do not worsen. - ✔✔ Postconcussive Syndrome/ Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Cerebral Perfusion Pressure = ______-______ - ✔✔ MAP - ICP
What is the range for CO2 to maximize perfusion? - ✔✔ 35-45
Does hypoventilation cause dilation or constriction? Increase or decrease ICP? - ✔✔ Dilation and increase in ICP due to high CO2
Hyperventilation cause dilation or constriction? - ✔✔ Constriction d/t low CO2
Pupils with pressure on cranial nerve - ✔✔ Fixed and dilated
Pupils with opiates vs stimulants - ✔✔ small; large
Pupils with anticholinergics such as atropine, ipratropium, and scopolamine - ✔✔ large
Sluggish reaction of pupils is an early sign of what? - ✔✔ Increasing ICP
Glasgow Coma Score with Mild, Moderate, and Severe TBI - ✔✔ Mild = 13-15
Moderate = 9-12
Severe = 3-8
Goal value for ICP - ✔✔ <15 [Show Less]