TEST BANK FOR FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING 2ND EDITION BY BARBARA L
YOOST ISBN: 978-0323508643.
Chapter 01: Nursing, Theory, and Professional
... [Show More] Practice
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A group of students are discussing the impact of non-nursing theories in clinical practice. The
students would be correct if they chose which theory to prioritize patient care?
a. Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory
b. Paul’s Critical Thinking Theory
c. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
d. Rosenstock’s Health Belief Model
ANS: C
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs specifies the psychological and physiologic factors that affect
each person’s physical and mental health. The nurse’s understanding of these factors helps
with formulating nursing diagnoses that address the patient’s needs and values to prioritize
care. Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of Development and Socialization is based on
individuals’ interacting and learning about their world. Nurses use concepts of developmental
theory to critically think in providing care for their patients at various stages of their lives.
Rosenstock (1974) developed the psychological Health Belief Model. The model addresses
possible reasons for why a patient may not comply with recommended health promotion
behaviors. This model is especially useful to nurses as they educate patients.
DIF: Remembering REF: p. 8 | pp. 10-11
OBJ: 1.4 TOP: Planning
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
NOT: Concepts: Care Coordination
2. A nursing student is preparing study notes from a recent lecture in nursing history. The student
would credit Florence Nightingale for which definition of nursing?
a. The imbalance between the patient and the environment decreases the capacity for
health.
b. The nurse needs to focus on interpersonal processes between nurse and patient.
c. The nurse assists the patient with essential functions toward independence.
d. Human beings are interacting in continuous motion as energy fields.
ANS: A
Florence Nightingale’s (1860) concept of the environment emphasized prevention and clean
air, water, and housing. This theory states that the imbalance between the patient and the
environment decreases the capacity for health and does not allow for conservation of energy.
Hildegard Peplau (1952) focused on the roles played by the nurse and the interpersonal
process between a nurse and a patient. Virginia Henderson described the nurse’s role as
substitutive (doing for the person), supplementary (helping the person), or complementary
(working with the person), with the ultimate goal of independence for the patient. Martha
Rogers (1970) developed the Science of Unitary Human Beings. She stated that human beings
and their environments are interacting in continuous motion as infinite energy fields.
DIF: Understanding REF: p. 7 OBJ: 1.1
TOP: Planning MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Health Promotion and Maintenance
NOT: Concepts: Health Promotion
3. Which nurse established the American Red Cross during the Civil War?
a. Dorothea Dix
b. Linda Richards
c. Lena Higbee
d. Clara Barton
ANS: D
Clara Barton practiced nursing in the Civil War and established the American Red Cross.
Dorothea Dix was the head of the U.S. Sanitary Commission, which was a forerunner of the
Army Nurse Corps. Linda Richards was America’s first trained nurse, graduating from
Boston’s Women’s Hospital in 1873, and Lena Higbee, superintendent of the U.S. Navy Nurse
Corps, was awarded the Navy Cross in 1918.
DIF: Remembering REF: p. 5 OBJ: 1.3
TOP: Assessment MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Health Promotion and Maintenance
NOT: Concepts: Professionalism
4. The nursing instructor is researching the five proficiencies regarded as essential for students
and professionals. Which organization, if explored by the instructor, would be found to have
added safety as a sixth competency?
a. Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)
b. Institute of Medicine (IOM)
c. American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN)
d. National League for Nursing (NLN)
ANS: A
The Institute of Medicine report, Health Professions Education: A Bridge to Quality (2003),
outlines five core competencies. These include patient-centered care, interdisciplinary
teamwork, use of evidence-based medicine, quality improvement, and use of information
technology. QSEN added safety as a sixth competency. The Essentials of Baccalaureate
Education for Professional Nursing Practice are provided and updated by the American
Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) (2008). The document offers a framework for the
education of professional nurses with outcomes for students to meet. The National League for
Nursing (NLN) outlines and updates competencies for practical, associate, baccalaureate, and
graduate nursing education programs.
DIF: Remembering REF: p. 17 OBJ: 1.1
TOP: Planning
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
NOT: Concepts: Care Coordination
5. The nurse manager is interviewing graduate nurses to fill existing staffing vacancies. When
hiring graduate nurses, the nurse manager realizes that they will probably not be considered
“competent” until:
a. They graduate and pass NCLEX.
b. They have worked 2 to 3 years.
c. Their last year of nursing school.
d. They are actually hired.
ANS: B
Benner’s model identifies five levels of proficiency: novice, advanced beginner, competent,
proficient, and expert. The student nurse progresses from novice to advanced beginner during
nursing school and attains the competent level after approximately 2 to 3 years of work
experience after graduation. To obtain the RN credential, a person must graduate from an
approved school of nursing and pass a state licensing examination called the National Council
Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN) usually taken soon after
completion of an approved nursing program.
DIF: Remembering REF: p. 13 OBJ: 1.7
TOP: Planning
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
NOT: Concepts: Care Coordination
6. The prospective student is considering options for beginning a career in nursing. Which
degree would best match the student’s desire to conduct research at the university level?
a. Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN)
b. Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN)
c. Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP)
d. Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing (PhD)
ANS: D
Doctoral nursing education can result in a doctor of philosophy (PhD) degree. This degree
prepares nurses for leadership roles in research, teaching, and administration that are essential
to advancing nursing as a profession. Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN) programs usually
are conducted in a community college setting. The nursing curriculum focuses on adult acute
and chronic disease; maternal/child health; pediatrics; and psychiatric/mental health nursing.
ADN RNs may return to school to earn a bachelor’s degree or higher in an RN-to-BSN or
RN-to-MSN program. Bachelor’s degree programs include community health and
management courses beyond those provided in an associate degree program. A newer
practice-focused doctoral degree is the doctor of nursing practice (DNP), which concentrates
on the clinical aspects of nursing. DNP specialties include the four advanced practice roles of
NP, CNS, CNM, and CRNA.
DIF: Remembering REF: pp. 15-16 OBJ: 1.8
TOP: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
NOT: Concepts: Care Coordination
7. During a staff meeting, the nurse manager announces that the hospital will be seeking Magnet
status. In order to explain the requirements for this award, the nurse manager will contact the:
a. American Nurses Association (ANA).
b. American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC).
c. National League for Nursing (NLN).
d. Joint Commission.
ANS: B
The American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) awards Magnet Recognition to hospitals
that have shown excellence and innovation in nursing. The ANA is a professional organization
that provides standards of nursing practice. The National League for Nursing (NLN) outlines
and updates competencies for practical, associate, baccalaureate, and graduate nursing
education programs. The Joint Commission is the accrediting organization for health care
facilities in the United States.
DIF: Remembering REF: p. 14 | pp. 16-17
OBJ: 1.9 TOP: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
NOT: Concepts: Care Coordination
8. The nurse is caring for a patient who refuses two units of packed red blood cells. The nurse
notifies the health care provider of the patient’s decision. The nurse is acting in the role of the:
a. Manager.
b. Change agent.
c. Advocate.
d. Educator.
ANS: C
As the patient’s advocate, the nurse interprets information and provides the necessary
education. The nurse then accepts and respects the patient’s decisions even if they are different
from the nurse’s own beliefs. The nurse supports the patient’s wishes and communicates them
to other health care providers. A nurse manages all of the activities and treatments for patients.
A nurse manages all of the activities and treatments for patients. In the role of change agent,
the nurse works with patients to address their health concerns and with staff members to
address change in an organization or within a community. The nurse ensures that the patient
receives sufficient information on which to base consent for care and related treatment.
Education becomes a major focus of discharge planning so that patients will be prepared to
handle their own needs at home.
DIF: Applying REF: pp. 3-4 OBJ: 1.2 TOP: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
NOT: Concepts: Care Coordination
9. The nursing student develops a plan of care based on a recently published article describing
the effects of bedrest on a patient’s calcium blood levels. In creating the plan of care, the
nursing student has the obligation to:
a. Critically appraise the evidence and determine validity.
b. Ensure that the plan of care does not alter current practice.
c. Change the process even when there is no problem identified.
d. Maintain the plan of care regardless of initial outcome.
ANS: A
Evidence-based practice (EBP) is an integration of the best-available research evidence with
clinical judgment about a specific patient situation. The nurse assesses current and past
research, clinical guidelines, and other resources to identify relevant literature. The application
of EBP includes critically appraising the evidence to assess its validity, designing a change for
practice, assessing the need for change and identifying a problem, and integrating and
maintaining change while monitoring process and outcomes by reevaluating the application of
evidence and assessing areas for improvement.
DIF: Applying REF: p. 4 OBJ: 1.2 TOP: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
NOT: Concepts: Care Coordination
10. The nurse is delegating frequent blood pressure (BP) measurements for a patient admitted
with a gunshot wound to a licensed practical nurse (LPN). When delegating, the nurse
understands that:
a. He/she may assume that the LPN is able to perform this task appropriately.
b. The LPN is ultimately responsible for the patient findings and assessment.
c. The LPN may perform the tasks assigned without further supervision.
d. He/she retains ultimate responsibility for patient care and supervision is needed.
ANS: D
The RN retains ultimate responsibility for patient care, which requires supervision of those to
whom patient care is delegated. In the process of collaboration, the nurse delegates certain
activities to other health care personnel. The RN needs to know the scope of practice or
capabilities of each health care member. For example, UAPs are capable of performing basic
care that includes providing hygienic care, taking vital signs, helping the patient ambulate, and
assisting with eating.
DIF: Understanding REF: p. 5 OBJ: 1.2
TOP: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
NOT: Concepts: Care Coordination
11. The nurse is preparing to discharge a patient admitted with fever of unknown origin. The
patient states, “I never got past the fifth grade in school. Don’t read much. Never saw much
sense in it. But I do OK. I can read most stuff. But my doctor explains things good, and
doesn’t think that my sickness is serious.” The nurse should:
a. Provide discharge medication information from a professional source to provide the
most information.
b. Expect that the patient may return to the hospital if the discharge process is poorly
done.
c. Assume that the physician and the patient have a good rapport and that the
physician will clarify everything.
d. Defer offering the patient the opportunity to get the influenza vaccine because of
the rapport that he has with his physician.
ANS: B
Low health literacy is associated with increased hospitalization, greater emergency care use,
lower use of mammography, and lower receipt of influenza vaccine. A goal of patient
education by the nurse is to inform patients and deliver information that is understandable by
examining their level of health literacy. The more understandable health information is for
patients, the closer the care is coordinated with need.
DIF: Applying REF: p. 3 OBJ: 1.2 TOP: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
NOT: Concepts: Health Promotion
12. A nurse is caring for a patient who lost a large amount of blood during childbirth. The nurse
provides the opportunity for the patient to maintain her activity level while providing adequate
periods of rest and encouragement. Which nursing theory would the nurse most likely choose
as a framework for addressing the fatigue associated with the low blood count?
a. Watson Human Caring Theory
b. Parse’s Theory of Human Becoming
c. Roy’s Adaptation Model
d. Rogers’ Science of Unitary Human Beings
ANS: C
Roy’s Adaptation Model is based on the human being as an adaptive open system. The person
adapts by meeting physiologic-physical needs, developing a positive self-concept–group
identity, performing social role functions, and balancing dependence and independence.
Stressors result in illness by disrupting the equilibrium. Nursing care is directed at altering
stimuli that are stressors to the patient. The nurse helps patients strengthen their abilities to
adapt to their illnesses or helps them to develop adaptive behaviors. Watson’s theory is based
on caring, with nurses dedicated to health and healing. The nurse functions to preserve the
dignity and wholeness of humans in health or while peacefully dying. Parse’s theory is called
the Human Becoming School of Thought. Parse formulated the Theory of Human Becoming
by combining concepts from Martha Rogers’ Science of Unitary Human Beings with
existential-phenomenologic thought. This theory looks at the person as a constantly changing
being, and at nursing as a human science. Martha Rogers (1970) developed the Science of
Unitary Human Beings. She stated that human beings and their environments are interacting
in continuous motion as infinite energy fields. [Show Less]