The sum of all biosynthetic reactions in a cell is known as 1. A) metabolism. 2. B) anabolism. 3. C) catabolism. 4. D) synthatabolism.Based on the
... [Show More] functional roles of phosphate in various microbial metabolisms, deduce which compounds phosphate exists as in microorganisms.Which of the following would be used by a chemoorganotroph for energy? 1. A) C2H3O2- 2. B) H2 3. C) CO2 4. D) H+Which of the following statements is FALSE? 1. A) Most bacteria are capable of using ammonia as their sole nitrogen source. 2. B) Some bacteria are able to use nitrates or nitrogen gas as their nitrogen source. 3. C) Most available nitrogen is in organic forms. 4. D) Nitrogen is a major component of proteins and nucleic acidsAll microorganisms require 1. A) carbon, iron, and sodium. 2. B) phosphorus, aluminum, and sodium. 3. C) calcium, potassium, and magnesium. 4. D) phosphorus, selenium, and sulfur.Which element functions BOTH as an enzyme cofactor and as a stabilizer of ribosomes and nucleic acids? 1. A) iron 2. B) hydrogen 3. C) zinc 4. D) magnesiumBased on your understanding of metabolism, generalize when an enzyme’s rate of activity can be changed. 1. A) before enzyme production 2. B) during enzyme production 3. C) after enzyme production 4. D) at any point–before, during, or after enzyme productionThe change in Gibbs free energy for a particular reaction is MOST useful in determining 1. A) the amount of energy catalysts required for biosynthesis or catabolism. 2. B) the potential metabolic reaction rate. 3. C) whether there will be a requirement or production of energy. 4. D) energy stored in each compound.Which is an example of a micronutrient? 1. A) arginine 2. B) inorganic phosphorous 3. C) iron 4. D) vitamin B12Aseptic technique refers to 1. A) the microbial inoculum placed into a test tube or onto a Petri plate. 2. B) a series of practices to avoid contamination. 3. C) the autoclave and other sterilizing procedures. 4. D) cleanliness in the laboratoryTo ensure growth of a newly discovered bacterium with unknown nutritional requirements, it would be best to begin with a ________ medium rather than a ________ medium. 1. A) complex / minimal 2. B) minimal / complex 3. C) selective / complex 4. D) selective / differentialIf ΔG0′ is negative, the reaction is 1. A) exergonic and requires the input of energy. 2. B) endergonic and requires the input of energy. 3. C) exergonic and energy will be released. 4. D) endergonic and energy will be released.Activation energy is the energy 1. A) required to transform all reactants into their reactive state. 2. B) given off as the products in a chemical reaction are formed. 3. C) absorbed as ΔG0′ moves from negative to positive. 4. D) needed by an enzyme to catalyze a reaction without coenzymes.A catalyst 1. A) requires more reactants but makes the reaction rate faster. 2. B) increases the amount of reactants produced but does not change the rate. 3. C) changes the rate of the reaction but does not change the end amount of products. 4. D) changes both the rate of a reaction and the amount of the product that will be obtained as the reaction is completed.he portion of an enzyme to which substrates bind is referred to as the 1. A) substrate complex. 2. B) active site. 3. C) catalytic site. 4. D) junction of van der Waals forces.What is the difference between a coenzyme and a prosthetic group? 1. A) Coenzymes are essential for an enzyme’s function and prosthetic groups only enhance its reaction rate. 2. B) Coenzymes are weakly bound whereas prosthetic groups are strongly bound to their respective enzymes. 3. C) Coenzymes are organic cofactors and prosthetic groups are inorganic cofactors. 4. D) Coenzymes require additional ions to bind to enzymes but prosthetic groups are able to directly interact with enzymes.If an oxidation reaction occurs 1. A) simultaneous reduction of a different compound will also occur, because electrons do not generally exist alone in solution. 2. B) another oxidation reaction will occur for a complete reaction, because one oxidation event is considered a half reaction. 3. C) a cell is undergoing aerobic respiration, because oxygen is being used. 4. D) a reduction reaction would not occur, because they are opposite reaction mechanisms.The class of macromolecules in microorganisms that contributes MOST to biomass is 1. A) carbohydrates. 2. B) DNA. 3. C) lipids. 4. D) proteinsA chemoorganotroph and a chemolithotroph in the same environment would NOT compete for 1. A) oxygen. 2. B) carbon. 3. C) nitrogen. 4. D) phosphorousA chemoorganotroph and a photoautotroph in the same environment would NOT compete for 1. A) oxygen. 2. B) carbon. 3. C) nitrogen. 4. D) carbon and oxygenThe Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway is another name for 1. A) the citric acid cycle. 2. B) glycolysis. 3. C) electron transport. 4. D) NADH production. [Show Less]