Test Bank Brock Biology of Microorganisms 11th Edition (MadiganMartinko)
Brock Biology of Microorganisms, 11e
(Madigan/Martinko)
Chapter 1:
... [Show More] Microorganisms and Microbiology
1) Which statement is not true as a general
rule?
A) Microbial cells exist as single cells or in cell
clusters.
B) Microbial cells carry out their life processes
independently.
C) Microbial cells include both bacteria and
viruses.
D) Microbial cells exclude the cells of plants and
animals.
Answer: C
2) Basic microbiology can be used to
A) probe the nature of life processes.
B) study biochemical properties common to all
cells.
C) model our understanding of cell function in
higher organisms.
D) all of the above.
Answer: D
3) Applied microbiology deals with problems in
A) medicine.
B) agriculture.
C) industry.
D) all of the above.
Answer: D
4) The greatest source of biomass on Earth
comes from
A) prokaryotic cells.
B) plants.
C) animals.
D) plants and animals together.
Answer: A
5) The cell's genetic information is found in the
A) cell membrane.
B) nucleus or nucleoid.
C) cytoplasm.
D) none of the above.
Answer: B
6) Because the cell communicates, exchanges
materials with its environment, and undergoes
change, it is called a(n)
A) ancestral system.
B) dynamic entity.
C) closed system.
D) nucleoid system.
Answer: B
7) Changes in cellular characteristics are
transmitted to offspring through the process of
A) chemical signaling.
B) reproductive initiative.
C) evolution.
D) none of the above.
Answer: C
8) Catalysts involved in the acceleration of the
rate of chemical reactions are called
A) catalytic converters.
B) growth agents.
C) evolutionary molecules.
D) enzymes.
Answer: D
9) Regarding early life on Earth:
A) Microbial life existed on Earth for billions of
years before plant and animal life.
B) Microbial life existed on Earth long before
animals but has been around for about the same
amount of time as plants.
C) Microbial life, plant life, and animal life all
appeared at about the same time.
D) It is impossible to determine which type of life
first appeared on Earth.
Answer: A
10) Most prokaryotic cells reside
A) on the Earth's surface.
B) in the Earth's lakes, rivers, and oceans.
C) in and on non-prokaryotic organisms
(including humans and other animals).
D) in the oceanic and terrestrial subsurfaces.
Answer: D
11) The person who described the "wee
animalcules" was
A) Hooke.
B) van Leeuwenhoek.
C) Pasteur.
D) Cohn.
Answer: B
12) Fannie Hesse is credited with giving
__________ the ideas for using agar as a
solidifying agent.
A) Pasteur
B) Cohn
C) Koch
D) Winogradsky
Answer: C
13) Which of the following is/are characteristic
of cellular organisms?
A) Metabolism
B) Reproduction
C) Communication
D) All of the above
Answer: D
14) Which of the following is not a major
ecosystem?
A) Aquatic
B) Terrestrial
C) Atmospheric
D) Higher organisms, both plant and animal
Answer: C
15) Which statement is true?
A) Populations are assemblages of microbial
communities.
B) Microbial communities are assemblages of
populations.
C) Habitats are assemblages of microbial
communities.
D) Populations are assemblages of habitats.
Answer: B
16) The export of U.S. beef to foreign markets
was shut down in 2003 due to
A) AIDS.
B) smallpox.
C) tuberculosis.
D) mad cow disease.
Answer: D
17) During a very scientifically productive
period in his life, Pasteur developed vaccines for
A) anthrax.
B) fowl cholera.
C) rabies.
D) all of the above.
Answer: D
18) The discovery of antibiotics and other
important chemicals led to the field of
A) industrial microbiology.
B) agricultural microbiology.
C) marine microbiology.
D) aquatic microbiology.
Answer: A
19) Microbial sterilization is used to
A) decrease the possibility of contaminants
growing in a culture.
B) kill bacteria but not necessarily viruses or other
microbes.
C) kill all microbes in or on objects.
D) clean a work area.
Answer: C
20) Flat covered dishes used for growing
microbes are most commonly called
A) Petri dishes.
B) baker dishes.
C) sterilization plates.
D) culture medium plates.
Answer: A
21) Microbes playing a role in nitrogen fixation
in plants live in __________ while those playing a
role in the digestive tract of certain herbivores live
in __________.
A) rumens / nodules
B) nodules / rumens
C) nodules / fortrans
D) fortrans / rumens
Answer: B
22) Genetic engineering could best be described
as
A) the creating of life from non-life.
B) the artificial manipulation of genes and their
products.
C) the treating of diseases with synthetic drugs.
D) the expansion of the biomass to meet specific
needs.
Answer: B
23) The ultimate downfall of the theory of
spontaneous generation was the result of work by
A) Pasteur.
B) Koch.
C) Hooke.
D) Leeuwenhoek.
Answer: A
24) A Pasteur flask has a(n)
A) swan neck to prevent air particles from getting
into the main body of the flask.
B) double neck so two substances may be added
at the same time.
C) secondary opening at the base to allow for
drainage.
D) inverted upper edge to prevent spillage while
swirling.
Answer: A
25) Koch's greatest accomplishment in the field
of medical bacteriology was with
A) Escherichia coli.
B) Bacillus subtilis.
C) Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
D) Bacillus cereus.
Answer: C
26) A pure culture
A) is sterile.
B) has only one type of organism growing in or
on it.
C) is made of a clearly defined chemical medium.
D) was cultured for a certified stock culture.
Answer: B
27) Beijerinck was the first to isolate
A) many soil and aquatic microorganisms.
B) certain aerobic nitrogen fixing bacteria.
C) certain sulfate reducing bacteria.
D) all of the above.
Answer: D
28) Chemolithotrophy involves the
A) oxidation of organic compounds.
B) oxidation of inorganic compounds.
C) reduction of organic compounds.
D) metabolic autotrophy.
Answer: B
29) Advances in immunology and medical
microbiology are, most specifically, practical
extensions of the work of
A) Winogradsky.
B) Leeuwenhoek.
C) Lister.
D) Koch.
Answer: D
30) Microbial control in wastewater treatment
plants would most logically be a part of
A) microbial genetics.
B) microbial ecology.
C) microbial technology.
D) bacterial energetics.
Answer: B
31) Viruses that attack bacteria are known as
A) bacterial consumers.
B) bacteriophages.
C) microphages.
D) viroids.
Answer: B
32) Without microorganisms, all higher life
forms on Earth would cease to exist.
Answer: TRUE
33) Most microorganisms are pathogenic.
Answer: FALSE
34) All microorganisms require molecular
oxygen to carry on life functions.
Answer: FALSE
35) Metabolism is common to all living
organisms.
Answer: TRUE
36) According to our present understanding,
each of the major domains has what is known as
its own universal ancestor.
Answer: FALSE
37) Microbiology as a distinct science did not
develop until the eighteenth century.
Answer: FALSE
38) The location in an environment where a
population lives is the habitat.
Answer: TRUE
39) Differentiation occurs only in multi-cellular
organisms.
Answer: FALSE
40) The study of nutrients that microorganisms
require is known as microbial systematics.
Answer: FALSE
41) Smallpox is a major killer in parts of the
developing world.
Answer: FALSE
42) Winogradsky worked with soil bacteria
involved in cycling nitrogen and sulfur.
Answer: TRUE
43) The four macromolecules common to all
cells are: __________, __________, __________,
and __________.
Answer: protein / lipid / carbohydrate / nucleic
acid (any order)
44) Our concept of what is alive is constrained
by __________.
Answer: what we can observe on Earth or deduce
from the fossil record
45) The study of the physical and chemical
structure of microorganisms would be a part of
microbial __________.
Answer: cytology
46) List three contributions of Ferdinand Cohn to
the development of microbiology.
Answer: Answers could possibly include:
founding bacteriology as a separate science,
studying Beggiatoa, discovering the genus
Bacillus (along with its endospore formation and
its life cycle), devising methods to prevent
contamination, and founding a major scientific
journal.
47) The process whereby microorganisms are
used to help clean up pollution created by human
activities is known as __________.
Answer: bioremediation
48) An ecosystem could be defined as
__________ along with their __________.
Answer: living organisms / chemical and physical
environments
49) The first and foremost instrument of the
microbiologist is the __________.
Answer: microscope
50) Robert Koch received the 1905 Nobel Prize
for Physiology or Medicine for __________.
Answer: his work with the tuberculosis bacterium
51) The disease anthrax is caused by the
organism __________ which produces heatresistant structures known as __________.
Answer: Bacillus anthracis / endospores
52) Microbial biochemistry involves the
discovery of __________ and the __________.
Answer: microbial enzymes / chemical reactions
they carry out
53) Nucleic acid sequencing has allowed for the
development of the field of __________ and the
subdiscipline of __________.
Answer: genomics / proteomics
54) Explain the nature and function of an
enrichment culture.
Answer: Answers will vary, but an enrichment
culture uses media, chemicals or culture
conditions to select for or enhance specific
characteristics of an organism
55) Why is it incorrect to say an object is
partially sterile?
Answer: Answers will vary, but sterile means the
absence of living organisms. Something is either
sterile or it is not.
56) The microbes were first formally observed in
the mid-1600s, but the cell theory wasn't
enunciated until 1839. Write a brief essay
explaining why microbiology did not become a
formally recognized science until Pasteur's and
Koch's time.
57) Compare and contrast the works of Louis
Pasteur and Robert Koch in terms of both applied
and basic science.
58) Explain why microbial cells are excellent
models for understanding cell function in higher
organisms.
Answer: Answers will vary but should include
commonality of function, biochemical and genetic
similarities, and ease and speed with which they
can be grown in large quantities.
59) Compare and contrast the leading causes of
death in 1900 with the leading causes of death
today. What roles have microbiologists played in
the dramatic changes which are evident?
60) Consider hypothetical disease X. How
would Koch's postulates be used to demonstrate
whether or not organism Y is the causative agent
of disease X?
61) Explain how bacteria can be both beneficial
and detrimental to the food industry.
62) Describe some of the essential functions
which must be encoded by a "minimalist
genome."
Answer: Answers will vary, but should minimally
include metabolism, reproduction,
communication, and ability to evolve. Some
answers may include differentiation and
movement.
Chapter 2: An Overview of Microbial Life
1) The presence of membrane-enclosed
organelles is a characteristic of [Show Less]