TEAS 6 Science Exam Questions with Complete Solutions
Muscles involved in inhalation and do they expand or contract? - ANS: Intercostals and diaphragm
... [Show More] contract
Part of brain that monitors CO2 to regulate breathing - ANS: Medulla oblongata
Two main functions of nucleolus - ANS: Protein synthesis, synthesis and storage of RNA
Function of ribosomes - ANS: Synthesize proteins from RNA
Golgi complex function - ANS: Synthesizes materials such as proteins that are transported out of the cell
Endoplasmic reticulum - ANS: transport system of cell
Mitochondria functions - ANS: Production of cell energy; cell signaling; cellular differentiation; cell cycle and growth regulation
Events of prophase - ANS: chromatin thickens into chromosomes; nuclear membrane begins to disintegrate; pairs of centrioles move to opp sides of cell and spindle fibers form; mitotic spindle starts to move chromosomes around
Connective tissue - ANS: bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, fat, blood, lymph
Hyperventilation does what to pH? - ANS: Increases blood pH during acidosis; slowing breathing during alkalosis will decrease pH
How much blood in adult human? - ANS: 5 L/quarts
Composition of blood - ANS: ...
Cardiac cycle - ANS: First diastole: blood flows from sup and inf vena cavae to right atrium through open AV/tricuspid valve. SA node of right atrium contracts to fill R ventricle w blood. Impulse transmitted through AV node, R ventricle contracts and initiates first systole. Tricuspid valve closes, pulmonary semilunar opens. Blood pumped from pulmonary arteries to lungs. Blood from lungs fills L atrium during second diastole. SA node triggers mitral valve to open, blood fills left ventricle. During second systole, mitral valve closes and L ventricle contracts, blood pumped from aorta to rest of body.
Lymph vascular system functions - ANS: Return of excess fluid to blood; return of proteins from capillaries; transport of fats from digestive tract; disposal of debris and cellular waste
Thymus functions - ANS: Thymosin promotes Tcell formation, T cells mature here
Lymphoid organs include - ANS: adenoids, tonsils, spleen, thymus, appendix, lymph nodes, patches in small intestine
Spleen functions - ANS: filter unwanted materials from blood, including old RBCs; help fight infection by filtering pathogens.
Liver functions - ANS: IGF-1, bile, angiotensinogen, thrombopoietin, hepciden, betatrophon, cytochrome p450. Production of cholesterol; storage of excess glucose in form of glycogen; regulation of amino acids; processing of hemoglobin; conversion of ammonia to urea; purification of blood; regulation of blood clotting; controlling infection via boosting immune factors and removing bacteria. Bill's putt putt golf closed
Bile - ANS: Increases the absorption of fats, aids abs of vitamins A, D, E, and K. Route of excretion for bilirubin, a byproduct of red blood cells recycled by the liver
Blood for liver to metabolize - ANS: Portal vein
O2 for liver - ANS: Hepatic artery
Bile released from - ANS: Common hepatic duct
Lipase - ANS: Breaks down fats; secreted by mouth and pancreas
Cells of stomach - ANS: Pareietal cells: HCl; Chief cells: pepsinogen; Mucus cells
Pepsin - ANS: Protein; chief cells of stomach secrete as pepsinogen, activated by HCl
Gastrin - ANS: Steroid endocrine hormone that stimulates secretion of gastric acid (HCl) by the parietal cells of the stomach and aids in gastric motility. It is released by G cells in the stomach, duodenum, and the pancreas. Decrease in pH causes negative feedback on gastrin production
Ghrelin - ANS: Hunger hormone secreted by empty stomach
Secretin - ANS: Released from duodenum, digestive hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate to neutralize acid in duodenum.
Somatostatin - ANS: Secreted by S cells of pancreas. Inhibits glucagon release and pancreatic exocrine secretions
Cholecystokinin - ANS: CCK. Following the ingestion of a fatty meal, secreted by the duodenal mucosa to stimulate contraction of the gallbladder to increase release of bile
Motilin - ANS: Secreted by small intenstine. Stimulates gastric motility, stimulates pepsin production, improves peristalsis.
Brush border enzymes - ANS: Assist in digestion of carbohydrates and proteins in the small intestine; activate enzymes; break down small peptides into a.a.s in the small intestine. Includes proteases, lactase, disaccharidases, nucleosidases
Small intestine function - ANS: enzymes from pancreas, stomach, and liver transported here to aid digestion. Bile breaks down fat, stored in gall bladder. Carbs, nucleic acids and proteins also digested. Duodenum, jejunum, ileum.
Duodenum - ANS: From stomach: HCl, chyme. From liver/gallbladder: bile. Pancreas: 5 enzymes. From duodenum: brush border enzymes- maltase, sucrase-isomaltase, lactase, peptidases. Hormones: secretin, cholecystokinin, gastric inhibitory peptide, motilin, bicarb. [Show Less]