Reinforcement is a __________ in which behavior is followed by some ______ that increases the likelihood that the behavior will occur again.
Process;
... [Show More] consequence
The result of reinforcement is that behavior is
strengthened
Operant behavior is controlled by
antecedents and consequences
The following is an example of reinforcement:
A dog barks; the owner fills the bowl; the dog barking is strengthened.
The following is an example of reinforcement:
a toddler cries; dad gives her a toy; crying is strengthened
Two types of reinforcement are:
positive and negative
During _________ reinforcement, behavior is followed by the ______of a consequence
positive; addition
During ________reinforcement, behavior is followed by the _______ of a consequence
negative; removal
positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement have the same result. They both strengthen behavior.
True
What is an example of negative reinforcement?
Close a window to stop cold air from blowing in; closing the window is strengthened.
What is an example of positive reinforcement?
Play a guitar and everyone cheers; playing the guitar is strengthened.
When a reinforcer is no longer provided after a response, we call this...
extinction
The two types of reinforcers are:
Primary and secondary
Primary reinforcers are important for _______ and do not require _________.
survival; prior experience
_______________________ acquire reinforcing properties by being paired with _____________.
secondary reinforcers; primary reinforcers
all are examples of primary reinforcers:
Food; water; warmth
All are examples of secondary reinforcers:
toys; completing a puzzle; money
These factors influence the effectiveness of reinforcement:
Immediacy; contingency;quality; magnitude; effort; history; motivation operations (mo)
A token economy uses a symbol or tokens that are earned and can then be exchanged for a ____________.
back-up reinforcer
A back-up reinforcer is primary or secondary reinforcer selected by the client.
True
Benefits of using a token economy includes:
increase the time between the target behavior and the delivery of back-up reinforcement; provide reinforcement without interruption to instruction; decrease the likelihood of reinforcer satiation.
A schedule of reinforcement is a rule specifying which occurrences of reinforcement will be scored.
false
a schedule of reinforcement specifies which occurrence of ___________will be reinforced.
behavior
With extinction, ___________responses are reinforced and with continuous reinforcement ___________responses are reinforced.
no; every
Intermittent reinforcement means that ____________responses are reinforced.
some
Continuous reinforcement is used when teaching a new response.
true
When responses are not reinforced as often, we call this an:
Intermittent schedule of reinforcement.
Schedule thinning is how you move from a _____________schedule of reinforcement to a ___________ schedule of reinforcement.
continuous; intermittent
Ratio schedules of reinforcement are based on:
a specific number of responses
When a schedule of reinforcement is fixed,
the rule about reinforcement never changes
When a schedule of reinforcement is variable,
the rule about reinforcement changes based on an average number.
Fixed ration and variable ratio schedules of reinforcement are both based on number of responses
true
The following is an example of a fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement:
Every time Sara types 30 words, she earns a break from work.
The following is an example of a variable ratio schedule of reinforcement:
If Sara types an average of 30 words, she earns a break from work.
Interval schedules of reinforcement are based on:
time
The following is an example of a fixed interval schedule of reinforcement:
For every 60 minutes that Jacob practices the violin, he earns $1 from his parents.
The following is an example of variable interval schedule of reinforcement:
Jacobs parents place a dollar bill in his piggy bank when he plays his violin for an average of 60 minutes each day.
Schedule thinning is important because:
it matches reinforcement in natural environment and makes the response resistant to extinction.
When thinning a ratio schedule, you should ______________ increase the number of responses required for reinforcement.
gradually
To thin an interval schedule, gradually increase the duration of the time interval that must be elapse before the reinforcer can be delivered.
true [Show Less]