Continuous Measurement Procedures
(Ans-
records every possible behavioral occurrence
Frequency- recording each instance of behavior
Duration-
... [Show More] number of seconds each instance of behavior occurs
Latency- elapsed time from onset of stimulus to initiation of response.
Inter-Response Time (IRT)- elapsed time between two successive responses.
Discontinuous Measurement Procedures
(Ans- Recording a sample of instances of the target behavior according to predetermined schedule
(e.g., momentary time sampling, partial interval, and whole interval)
Partial Interval
(Ans- behavior is recorded as occurring, if it occurs at least once during the predetermined interval
Whole Interval
(Ans- behavior is recorded as occurring if it is observed throughout an ENTIRE INTERVAL
-> all or nothing
Momentary time sample
(Ans- at the end of a predetermined interval, a recording is made if the target behavior is occurring AT THAT MOMENT
Permanent Product Recording
(Ans- Recording tangible items or environmental effects that result from a behavior, for example, written academic work (also called outcome recording).
line graph
(Ans- x- axis : TIME
y- axis : MEASUREMENT
Phase Change Line (line graph)
(Ans- allows for separation of data from before treatment (baseline) and during/after treatment to compare changes in bx
cumulative records
(Ans- record of behaviors that have occurred over time
Assessment category
(Ans- Describe the behavior and environment in observable & measurable terms.
Reinforcement and punishment are part of which category?
(Ans- assessment
Reinforcement vs. Punishment
(Ans- reinforcement increases behavior, punishment decreases behavior
positive punishment
(Ans- the administration of a stimulus to decrease the probability of a behavior's recurring
negative punishment
(Ans- the removal of a stimulus to decrease the probability of a behavior's recurring
positive reinforcement
(Ans- Increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli, such as food. A positive reinforcer is any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response.
negative reinforcement
(Ans- Increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli, such as shock. A negative reinforcer is any stimulus that, when removed after a response, strengthens the response. (Note: negative reinforcement is not punishment.)
Conduct preference assessments
(Ans- Determining what items are the most preferred by a client in order to increase the clients motivation to complete tasks and instructions.
ex: Single stimuli, Multiple stimuli with replacement, Multiple stimuli without replacement
Single Stimulus
(Ans- present one at a time in random order and the person's reaction to each is recorded
Multiple stimuli with replacement
(Ans- Item chosen by the learner remains in the array and all other items that were not selected are replaced with new ones
Multiple stimuli without replacement
(Ans- Chosen item is removed from the array, the order or replacement of the remaining items is rearranged, and the next trial begins with a reduced number of items in the array.
free operant
(Ans- A response that is emitted without any constraints or prompts, thereby leaving the individual in a position freely to emit the next identical or similar response
curriculum based
(Ans- academic skills
developmental based
(Ans- adaptive living skills
Social skills
(Ans- communication skills
4 functions of behavior
(Ans-
EATS
(1) escape/avoidance
(2) attention
(3) access tangible/activity
(4) sensory (automatic reinforcement)
skill acquisition
(Ans- Offenders introduced to range of techniques and skills to help deal with anger-provoking situation more rationally, techniques cognitive, behavioral or physiological
Unconditioned Reinforcement
(Ans- A stimulus change that increases the future frequency of a behavior without prior pairing with any other reinforcement.
Ex: food, water, sleep, comfort.
conditioned reinforcement
(Ans- Conditioned reinforcement is learned, as opposed to unconditioned reinforcers that require no learning history. Money is a conditioned reinforcer because it is paired with what it can get a person.
Unconditioned reinforcement and Conditioned reinforcement
PRIMARY/SECONDARY OR UNLEARNED AND LEARNED
(Ans- Unconditioned reinforcement : Primary and unlearned
Conditioned reinforcement : Secondary and learned
Intermittent schedules
(Ans-
(1) Fixed ratio: "fixed" number of behaviors must occur before you provide reinforcement
(2) Fixed interval: first behavior is reinforced after a specific or "fixed" amount of time has passed [Show Less]