Public Health Final Exam - Question and Answers The U.S. Public Health Service and scientists from the Tuskegee Institute began similar studies regarding
... [Show More] syphilis in the year ___________. 1932 Case-control studies that attempt to determine which of the following are especially subject to recall bias? A) Causes of cancer B) Causes of heart disease C) Causes of birth defects D) Causes of autoimmune disorders Which of the following was used as a treatment for almost any illness by 18th-century physicians? A) Antibiotics B) Opiates C) Bleeding D) Alcohol What surgical procedure was performed on more than half of all children in the 1930s through the 1950s in the belief that the operation prevented rheumatic fever? A) Adenoidectomy B) Tonsillectomy C) Appendectomy D) Splenectomy The numbers that describe the health of populations and the science that helps to interpret those numbers is referred to as _____________________ Statistics For most public health screening programs, ___________________ tests are desirable in order to avoid missing any individual with a serious disease who could be helped by some intervention. Sensitive _____________ identifies events and exposures that may be harmful to humans and estimates the probabilities of their occurrence as well as the extent of harm they may cause. Risk assessment In _________ the states of Illinois and Louisiana mandated premarital screening for HIV 1987 Which of the following expresses the probability that the observed result could have occurred by chance alone? A) p-value B) Confidence interval C) Power D) False-positives If an experiment was repeated 100 times and got the same answer 95 times but got a different answer 5 times, what is the p-value of this experiment? A) 0.05 B) 0.095 C) 0.5 D) 0.95 An unusual concentration of some kind of cancer, such as childhood leukemia, that alarms everyone in the community is referred to as which of the following? A) Outbreak B) Epidemic C) Endemic D) Cancer cluster _______________________ are a vital part of the public health's assessment function and are used to identify special risk groups, to detect new health threats, to plan public health programs and evaluate their successes, and to prepare government budgets. Health Statistics In the past decades, many states have added a question regarding the mother's use of _______________ to the birth certificate. Tobacco The ________ is part of the Department of Commerce and collects data regarding the American population U.S. census bureau The ____________ carries out surveillance for health hazards in the environment, including air pollutants and releases of toxic chemicals. EPA Which of the following is an important public health issue, causing the NCHS to set up a special computer system that links vital records of infants born during a given year who died before their first birthday? A) Spontaneous fetal deaths B) Induced abortions C) Infant mortality D) Elective abortion The Census Bureau decided against which of the following categories but allowed individuals to check more than one racial category for themselves? A) Multiracial B) Biracial C) Interracial D) Mixed-race In an attempt to make the collection of detailed information more efficient and more timely, the Census Bureau in 2005 launched which ongoing survey that collects the same information previously collected on the long form? A) American Household Survey B) American Census Survey C) American Community Survey D) Comprehensive American Survey ___________ developed techniques to classify bacteria by their shape and their propensity to be stained by various dyes. Robert Koch The infectious agent that causes scarlet fever is the ____________ bacteria Streptococci ______________________ may develop as a result of previous exposure to the pathogen, or the host may naturally lack susceptibility for a variety of reasons. Immunity For _________________, contact tracing is used in addition to quarantine: people who have been exposed to the patient are given prophylactic doses of antibiotics. Tuberculosis Which of the following is the most common source of human infection in the world? [Show Less]