1. True or False: As movement requires energy, metabolism can be defined as a
controlled set of biochemical reactions that occur in only motile organisms
... [Show More] in
order to maintain life.
False. Metabolism occurs in all living organisms, not just those that move.
2. True or False: Enzymes slow down chemical reactions to conserve energy.
False. Enzyme catalyze (speed up) chemical reactions.
3. What is a cofactor? And give a general example.
A cofactor is a small chemical component that assists an enzyme during the catalysis
reactions. A cofactor is usually metal ions.
4. Define anabolism.
Anabolism is the process of building up or biosynthesis of macromolecules from small
molecular units into much larger complexes.
5. In order to convert proteins into amino acids which metabolic process would be
active?
Catabolism would be active as proteins are made up of amino acids. Therefore the
process described (proteins into amino acids) is the breakdown, or catabolism of
protein.
6. Describe the energy transfer process relative to both ATP and ADP
ATP has the energy (phosphate group) to donate while ADP can accept energy in
the form of a phosphate group. Thus, ATP can be reduced (ATP →ADP + Pi) while
ADP can be built into ATP (ADP + Pi →ATP).
7. An organism that derives its energy (generates ATP) from photons of light is
called a ?
Phototrophic microorganism.
8. An organism that derives its energy by removing electrons from elemental sulfur
would be classified as a ?
Lithotroph
9. A reactive intermediate would be present in which phosphorylation process?
A. Photophosphorylation
B. Substrate-level phosphorylation
C. Oxidative phosphorylation
B. The chemical compound losing the phosphate group is referred to as the
phosphorylated reactive intermediate.
10. The catabolism of a single molecule of glucose goes through what 3 distinct
transitions?
The breakdown of glucose goes through (1) Glycolysis then (2) Fermentation or
Respiration and finally through (3) the electron transport chain (ETC).
11. What is the most energetic transition in the catabolism of glucose?
The electron transport chain yields 34 ATP while both glycolysis and fermentation
(or respiration) each yield only 2 ATP.
12. Identify the reactants of the following chemical equation:
Glucose + 2NAD+ → 2 NADH + 2 Pyruvate + 2 ATP
The reactants are to the left of the arrow: Glucose and 2NAD+
13. The presence of what molecule ‘signals’ to the cell that glycolysis is about to
start?
Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P)
14. True or False: In the absence of oxygen fermentation produces 2 ATP.
False. Fermentation only reduces NADH back to NAD+
15. What is the primary byproduct of the TCA cycle? Select all that apply.
A. NAD+
B. FAD
C. NADH
D. FADH2
C and D. The TCA cycle produces an abundance of reduced electron carriers
(NADH and FADH2).
16. True or False. The reactants of the TCA cycle directly enter and fuel the electron
transport system.
False. The products of the TCA cycle (reduced electron carriers) enter and drive
the production of ATP via the electron transport system
17. In the absence of glucose, which of the following can be used as alternative
energy sources? Select all that apply.
A. Lactose
B. Nucleic acids
C. Carbohydrates
D. Lipids
A, C, D can all be used as alternative energy sources.
18. For the catabolism of proteins and lipids, which of the following enzymes are
used? Select all that apply.
A. Ligases
B. Proteases
C. Transferases
D. Lipases
B and D. Proteases breakdown proteins while lipases breakdown lipids.
19. True or False. The β-oxidation pathway catabolizes the fatty acid chains of lipids.
True [Show Less]