PMHNP-Pharmacology (ANCC 3Ed, Chapter 6) 100% Verified Review Solution
Define pharmacokinetics - ANS-Study of what the BODY does to DRUGS: includes
... [Show More] absorption,
distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
KIN = BODY
Define pharmacodynamics - ANS-Study of what DRUGS do to the BODY: target sites for drug actions
including receptors, ion channels, enzymes, and carrier proteins.
DYNAMICS = DRUGS
What is absorption? - ANS-Pharmacokinetic term: how and how fast (method & rate) does the body
move the drug away from the site of administration.
Oral meds: absorption normally occurs in the small intestine and then the liver.
What is distribution? - ANS-Pharmacokinetic term: What the body does to the drug what occurs after
the drug leaves the systemic circulation and enters the interstitium and cells.
Drugs are redistributed in organs according to their fat and protein content.
How would malnutrition, wasting, or aging affect drug distribution in the body? - ANS-Most psychotropic
meds are lipophilic and highly protein-bound (only free portion of drug is active).
People with low protein (albumin) levels e.g. malnutrition, wasting, or aging = potential toxicity from
increased amount of free drug.
How is drug distribution in the body is changed in older adults? - ANS-Most psychotropic meds are
lipophilic and highly protein-bound (only free portion of drug is active).
People with high fat-to-lean body mass ratio (e.g. older adults) will have erratic amounts of active drug
in their system.
Define metabolism - ANS-The process by which the drug becomes chemically altered in the body.
What is first-pass metabolism? - ANS-The process by which a drug is metabolized by the P-450 enzymes
in the intestines and liver prior to going to the systemic circulation. Activity in young children varies by
drug substrate but may exceed rates over those os adolescents and adults.
What is half life (T 1/2)? - ANS-The time needed to clear 50% of the drug from the plasma. Determines
dosing interval and length of time to reach a steady state.
What is steady state? - ANS- [Show Less]