Originated by Sigmund Freud (1856-1939), who believed that behavior is determined by unconscious motivations and instinctual drives. Attends to past
... [Show More] developmental and psychodynamic factors, which shape present behaviors.
Psychoanalytical therapy
Originate by Aaron Beck (born 1921), states that a person's expectations, perceptions, and interpretations of events cause anxiety. Allow clients to view reality more clearly through an examination of their central distorted cognitions. Goal is to change clients' irrational beliefs, faulty conceptions, and negative cognitive distortions.
Cognitive Therapy
Originated by Arnold Lazarus (born 1932), focuses on changing maladaptive behaviors by participating in active behavioral techniques such as exposure, relaxation, problem-solving, and role-playing.
Behavioral therapy
Originated by Marsha Linehan (born 1943), focuses on emotional regulation, tolerance for distress, self-management skills, interpersonal effectiveness, and mindfulness, with an emphasis on treating therapy-interfering behaviors.
Dialectical behavior therapy
Originated by Viktor Frankl (1905-1997), a philosophical approach in which reflection on life and self-confrontation is encouraged, "why am I here? What is my purpose?." Goals are to live authentically and to focus on the present and on personal responsiblity.
Existential therapy
Originated by Carl Rogers (1902-1987), aka person-centered therapy, concepts include self-directed growth and self-actualization; people are born with the capacity to direct themselves toward self-actualization.
Humanistic theory
Originated by Gerald L. Klerman (1928-1992) and Myrna M. Weissman (born 1940), evidence-based therapy with focus on interpersonal issues that are creating distress, time-limited, active, focused on the present and on interpersonal distress.
Interpersonal therapy
What does EMDR stand for?
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing
Involves the use of bilateral stimulation—moving the eyes back and forth, alternating tapping on hand or knee, or sounds in ears, originated by Francine Shapiro (born 1948). Most commonly used for PTSD.
EMDR
The first person to put a theoretical perspective on group work and identified 10 therapeutic factors that differentiate group therapy from individual therapy.
Irvin Yalom
_________________ is based on the idea that one could not understand any family member (part) without understanding how all family members operate together (system).
Family systems theory
An ongoing feedback loop; a series of actions and reactions that maintain a problem. Individuals and emotional problems are best understood within the context of relationships and through assessing interactions within an entire family.
Circular causality
Originated by Salvador Minuchin (1913-1990), who placed emphasis on how, when, and to whom family members relate in order to understand and then change the family's structure.
Structural family therapy
Originated by Virginia Satir (1916-1988), behavior is determined by personal experience and not by external reality, focus is on being authentic, on freedom of choice, on human validation, and on experiencing the moment.
Experiential therapy
Originated by Jay Haley (1923-2007), symptoms are viewed as metaphors and reflect problems in the hierarchal structure. Symptoms are a way to communicate metaphorically within a family.
Strategic therapy
Originated by Steve deShazer (1940-2005), Bill O'Hanlon (born 1952), and Insoo Berg (1934-2007), focus is to rework for the present situation solutions that have worked previously. Techniques include the use of miracle questions, exception-finding questions, and scaling questions.
Solution-focused therapy
What does CAT stand for?
Complementary, alternative, and integrative therapies
Guided imagery, meditation, yoga, and biofeedback are all examples of?
Mind-body interventions
Herbal products, vitamins, supplements, and aromatherapy are all examples of?
Biologically based therapies
Acupressure and acupuncture, massage, and reflexology are all examples of?
Body-based therapies
Used for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, dyslexia, cognitive impairment, dementia, cardiovascular disease, asthma, lupus, and rheumatoid arthritis. Interacts with warfarin (Coumadin), increasing anticoagulant effect (people cautioned to stop using before surgery).
Omega-3 fatty acids
Used for depression, osteoarthritis, and liver disease. May cause hypomania, hyperactive muscle movements, and possible serotonin syndrome.
Sam-e
Used for depression, obesity, insomnia, headaches, and fibromyalgia. Increased risk of serotonin syndrome with use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), and St. John's wort.
Tryptophan
Used for enhancing the immune system and protecting cells against effects of free radicals. Used for neurological disorders, diabetes, and premenstrual syndrome. Interacts with warfarin, increasing anticoagulant effect; antiplatelet drugs; and statins, increasing additive effect and risk of rhabdomyolysis.
Vitamin E
Used for insomnia, jet lag, shift work, and cancer. Sets timing of circadian rhythms and regulates seasonal responses. Interacts with aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), beta blockers, corticosteroids, valerian, kava kava, and alcohol. Can inhibit ovulation.
Melatonin
Used for bipolar disorder, hypertension, lowering triglycerides, and decreasing blood clotting. Interacts with warfarin, aspirin, NSAIDs, garlic, and ginkgo. May alter glucose regulation.
Fish oil
Used for menopausal symptoms, premenstrual syndrome, dysmenorrhea.
Black cohosh
CAM used for anxiety.
Belladonna
CAMs used for sedation.
Valerian; catnip
CAM used for sedation and anxiety.
Chamomile
CAM used for delirium, dementia, sexual dysfunction caused by SSRIs.
Ginkgo
CAM used for depression and fatigue.
Ginseng [Show Less]