Philosophy Final Review Latest 2024
A sound argument is one where the premises are true and the argument is valid. - True
If I study for a test, I
... [Show More] do well on the test.
I studied for the philosophy test.
Therefore, I did well on the philosophy test. - Valid
According to Plato, reason is the highest faculty of the soul and wisdom is the highest virtue. - True
Aristotle taught that good actions become good habits and a good habit can be a virtue. These virtues help make us excellent and happy. Which of the following statements is true about Aristotle's Virtue Ethics? - All of the above
(In general, moral vices involve an excess or deficiency of something.
Virtue is a learned skill.
Virtue is found in balance or moderation.)
Valid deductive reasoning results in claims that are only probably true if the premises are true. - False
What does utilitarianism emphasize? - Consequences
What is the main question taken on by virtue ethics? - What traits are needed to live a full human life?
Which concept means good-in-itself? - Intrinsic good
Which is a the best example of the golden mean? - Courage rather than cowardice or foolhardiness.
Which is the best example of the golden mean? - Pride rather than vanity or humility.
Which statement is true about the basis for claims? - Science tends to base its claims on sensory experience.
A valid argument always draws a conclusion that is true. - False
According to the text, which statement describes something that philosophy does? - Clarifies concepts by creating definitions and making distinctions
Duty theory might be described as a deontological approach rather than consequential. Which claim best represents this theory? - I am willing that everyone would always tell the truth.
Fallacious arguments usually have some innate psychological or emotional appeal, but upon careful examination are found to be unwarranted. - True
For John Stuart Mill, sensual pleasures are better than intellectual pleasures. - False
For Kant, what is the only thing that is good without qualification? - Good Motive
For a utilitarian, moral judgments are based on personal intuitions. - False
For a utilitarian, the purpose of morality is maximizing happiness. - True
In Care Ethics, it might be argued that females focus on concrete personal relationships and males focus on the ethics of impersonal duty. - True
Is the following a valid argument?
No Republicans are Democrats.
Some Republicans are liberals.
Therefore: Some liberals are not Democrats. - Valid
Is the following a valid argument?
No conservatives are feminists.
All Catholics are conservatives.
Therefore: No Catholics are feminists. - Valid
Is the following a valid argument?
No Republicans are Democrats.
Some Democrats are not liberals.
Therefore: Some liberals are Republicans - Invalid
Is the following a valid argument?
All Christians believe in life after death.
Jack believes in life after death.
Therefore, Jack is a Christian. - Invalid
Justice, for Plato, means a person has an inner harmony of the soul where the rational part of the soul controls the appetitive and spirited parts. - True
Kant believed that there is a right and a wrong thing to do, whether or not we know it or agree about it. - True
1. His opposition to drug testing in sports means he has no problem with cheaters.
2. Do you want to go to school and get an education or end up working at McDonalds?
3. Most of the world believes in God so there must be something to it.
4. This health care reform is a bad idea. Obama may not even be a citizen. - 1. Straw Man
2. False Alternative
3. Argument ad populum
4. Red herring
1. What is virtue?
2. justice, punishment
3. civil rights
4. What should I do?
5. government, citizenship
6. values, morality
7. space and time, being
8. difference between knowledge & belief
9. What we know & how we know it
10. The existence of God - 1. Ethics
2. Political philosophy
3. Political philosophy
4. Ethics
5. Political philosophy
6. Ethics
7. Metaphysics
8. Epistemology
9. Epistemology
10. Metaphysics
1. mind and body
2. good taste
3. the tool of reason
4. scientific method
5. fallacies, arguments
6. beauty, art
7. observation and theory
8. consciousness
9. free will
10. inductive - 1. Philosophy of mind
2. Aesthetics
3. Logic
4. Philosophy of science
5. Logic
6. Aesthetics
7. Philosophy of science
8. Philosophy of mind
9. Philosophy of mind
10. Logic
1. Influenced by geometry
2. allegory of the cave
3. study of biology
4. Goldren mean - 1. Plato
2. Plato
3. Aristotle
4. Aristotle
1. Tell the truth no matter what the consequences because lying violates a universal law
2. Each person has innate knowledge of morality.
3. Deontological (duty) approach rather than teleological or consequential
4. The greatest happiness is intrinsically good.
5. Utilitarianism
6. Treat persons as ends, not means
7. Admired Newton and aimed at discovering laws of morality similar to laws of motion
8. Asked which maxims should be universal laws
9. Justice and other good things are used to achieve the greatest happiness
10. The categorical imperative
11. Used modern science to calculate the consequences of actions
12. The good is in the results - 1. Kant
2. Kant
3. Kant
4. Mill
5. Mill
6. Kant
7. Kant
8. Kant
9. Mill
10. Kant
11. Mill
12. Mill
Nietzsche argues for the development of individual potential rather than a herd mentality. - True
Philosophy requires thought on the micro level (analysis) and the macro level (synthesis). - True
Sartre argues that there is a fixed human essence that we are born with. - False
The goal of philosophy is to examine the underlying concepts, principles, or assumptions in the area it is examining. - True
The utilitarian doctrine is that happiness is a means to an end. - False
What is the relationship between philosophy and science? - Philosophy explains science and examines the scientific method.
What is a valid argument? - The conclusion follows from the premises.
What is the principle of utility.? - We should do what produces the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.
What is the second formulation of the categorical imperative? - Always treat humans as an end, not as a means to an end. [Show Less]