PEDS: Immune Exam Questions & Answers 2024.
An infant of a mother infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is seen in the clinic each month
... [Show More] and is being monitored for symptoms indicative of HIV infection. With knowledge of the most common opportunistic infection of children infected with HIV, the nurse assesses the infant for which sign?
1. Cough
2. Liver failure
3. Watery stool
4. Nuchal rigidity - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Cough
Rationale:
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disorder caused by HIV and characterized by generalized dysfunction of the immune system. The most common opportunistic infection of children infected with HIV is Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, which occurs most frequently between the ages of 3 and 6 months, when HIV status may be indeterminate. Cough is a common sign of this opportunistic infection. Cytomegalovirus infection is also characteristic of HIV infection; however, it is not the most common opportunistic infection. Liver failure is a common sign of this complication. Although gastrointestinal disturbances and neurological abnormalities may occur in a child with HIV infection, options 3 and 4 are not specific opportunistic infections noted in the HIV-infected child. Watery stool is noted with gastroenteritis and nuchal rigidity is seen in meningitis.
The nurse provides home care instructions to the parent of a child with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which statement by the parent indicates the need for further teaching?
1. "I will wash my hands frequently."
2. "I will keep my child's immunizations up to date."
3. "I will avoid direct unprotected contact with my child's body fluids."
4. "I can send my child to day care if he has a fever, as long as it is a low-grade fever." - CORRECT ANSWER 4. "I can send my child to day care if he has a fever, as long as it is a low-grade fever."
Rationale:
AIDS is a disorder caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and characterized by generalized dysfunction of the immune system. A child with AIDS who is sick or has a fever should be kept home and not brought to a day care center. Options 1, 2, and 3 are correct statements and would be actions a caregiver should take when the child has AIDS. [Show Less]