Clubfoot - ANSWER--Most common is Talipes Equinovarus (foot down and turned in)
-Unilateral or bilateral
Muscular Dystrophy - ANSWER--A group of
... [Show More] genetic, degenerative diseases primarily affecting voluntary muscles
-Causes progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass
-X linked recessive
-Onset 2-6 yo
Cerebral Palsy - ANSWER--Disorder of movement and posture causing activity limitation
-Disturbances of motor, sensation, perception, communication, cognition, and behavior
Osteomyelitis - ANSWER--Infection of the bone
Role of the Musculoskeletal System - ANSWER--Protects vital organs
-Supports weight
-Controls motion
-Stores minerals (Ca!!)
-Supplies RBC's (in bone marrow)
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis - ANSWER--Usual onset is birth to 3yo
Septic Arthritis - ANSWER-
Legg-Calve-Perth's Disease - ANSWER--Occurs when blood supply is temporarily interrupted to the femoral head of the hip joint
-Without sufficient blood flow, the bone begins to die so it breaks more easily and heals poorly
-Usual occurrence is 4-10yo
Osgood-Schlatters - ANSWER--A childhood repetitive use injury that causes a painful lump below the kneecap
-Usual occurrence is 11+yo
Up to what age should a neonatal history be taken? - ANSWER-<12 months
What immunizations are important for a musculoskeletal assessment? - ANSWER-HIB and Polio
For patients with musculoskeletal injuries, what diet should they be on? - ANSWER--High calcium, high protein
-Avoid fried foods, sodas, juices
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip - ANSWER--Abnormal development of the hip that causes joint instability
Causes of Developmental Hip Dysplasia - ANSWER--Maternal hormones
-Intrauterine positioning
-Breech presentation
-Family hx
Signs of Developmental Hip Dysplasia - ANSWER--Hip joint laxity
-Asymetrical gluteal and thigh folds
-Limb length difference
-Trendelenburg's sign (hip leans to one side when standing on one foot)
-Ortolani's Sign (femoral head is felt to slip forward in acetabulum)
-Barlow's Sign (femoral head slips over acetabulum and back into place)
-Galezzi's Sign (knees are uneven when the pt has hips and knees flexed)
When should developmental hip dysplasia be treated? - ANSWER-Before 2 months of age!
Treatment for Developmental Hip Dysplasia - ANSWER--0-6 mo: Pavlik Harness for 3-5 mo (resize every few weeks)
-6-18 mo: Traction or surgical reduction w/ 3-4 mo cast
- >18 mo-4 yrs: Invasive surgery
- >6 yrs: impossible to fix
Who should adjust a Pavlick Harness? - ANSWER--The doctor, not the parents!
-Harness should not touch skin
Diagnosing Club Foot - ANSWER--Physical exam
-Xray
Treatment for Club Foot - ANSWER--Begins in first week of life
-Serial casting for 8-12 weeks
-Corrective shoes
-Possibly surgery
**Parents should never adjust corrective apparatuses
Torticollis - ANSWER--Tightening of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
-Limited neck motion in which the neck is flexed and turned to the affected side
Causes of Torticollis - ANSWER--Breech delivery [Show Less]