Car seat requirements
<20 lbs rear facing seat
20-40 lbs front facing
40-60 lbs booster seat
>60 lbs lab belt
4' regular shoulder/lap belt
How
... [Show More] should a 2 wk old sleep?
back to sleep
Teething starts when?
usually 6 months
Temper tantrums start when?
12 months
When should you try to toilet train?
18 months
Signs and symptoms with teething
crying, drooling, gingivial swelling, eruption cysts, diarrhea, pull at ears
How much weight do babies lose in the first few days of life but regain in 7-10 days?
5-10% of birth weight
How long does it take a newborn to double their birth weight?
4-5 months
When does a newborn triple their birth weight?
1 year
Increasing weight in the face of falling height suggests what?
hypothyroidism
Kids with >/= 95th percentile BMI are considered what?
obese
What age do you start vision and hearing screens?
age 3
Moro Reflex
allows infant's head to come off take a few inches and gently move back suddenly. Results in startling the infant. Infant should abduction and have upward movement of arms followed by adduction and flexion.
-disappears at 3-4 months
Rooting Reflex
touching corner of infant's mouth should result in lowering of the lower lip on the same side with tongue movement toward the stimulus
Sucking Reflex
occurs with almost any object placed in the newborn's mouth, infant respond by sucking
Grasp Reflex
placing an object (such as a finger) on the infant's palm (palmar grasp) or infant's sole (plantar grasp) should cause a flexing of the fingers or a curling of the toes
Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex
place infant supine and turn head to the side, should result in ipsilateral extension of the arm and leg into a "fencing" position. The contralateral side flexes as well.
When does stranger anxiety develop?
Between 9 and 18 months
2 Month developmental milestones
coos, symmetric movements, tracks 180 degrees
4 Month developmental milestones
holds rattle, rolls front to back, passes objects across midline, bobble head, introduce cereal, babbling, pushes chest to elbows
6 Month developmental milestones
babbles, rolls over, sits w/ support, introduce solids with spoon, introduce cup, responds to name, hand to mouth, stands supported and bounces
9 Month developmental milestones
pincer grasp, mama/dada nonspecific, pulls up, reaches for objects, plays peek a boo, sits without support, points to objects, stranger anxiety, encourage self feeding
12 Month developmental milestones
talks 1-2 words, 3 meals, 2 snacks, whole milk, limit juice, iron rich foods, waves bye bye, mama/dada specific, stands alone may walk
12 Month Anticipatory Guidance
apply fluoride varnish, dentist referral, childproof home, rear facing car seat, read books, limit TV, store guns unloaded and in locked areas
15 Month developmental milestones
18 Month developmental milestones
2 Year developmental milestones
at least 50 words, throws ball overhand, jumps up
2 Year Old Anticipatory Guidance
discipline, read books, limit TV, encourage play with children, encourage exercise, care seat in back, bike helmet, fire plan
3 Year developmental milestones
potty training, speech 75% understandable, feeds & dresses self, gender identity, copies circle
3 Year Old Anticipatory Guidance
encourage interactive games, taking turns, family time, exercise
4 Year developmental milestones
fantasy play, knows full name, knows what to do if tired/cold/hungry, knows 4 colors, hops on 1 foot, copies cross, dresses self
4 Year Old Anticipatory Guidance
opportunities for play with other kids, read and talk with child, regular bedtime, no secrets from parents, review safety rules and private parts
5-6 Year developmental milestones
balances on 1 foot, hops and skips, able to tie knot, ready for school, grips pencil, draws person with 6 parts, copies square and triangle, good articulation, counts to 10
7-8 Year Developmental milestones
Ask how they are doing in school, do they understand rules and consequences
9-10 Year Developmental milestones
promote independence, assign chores, safety rules, safety equipment
Universal Screening: vision and hearing at 10 y/o
Vaccination
actual process of administering an agent; can be a toxoid, antitoxin or Ig. Results in active immunity and immunologic memory consistent with natural infection but without risk of disease. Usually contain preservatives or stabilizers (to inhibit microbial growth), and adjuvants (Al salts that enhance immune response)
Immunization
process of inducing immunity which is active or passive
Active Immunity
via vaccination or natural infection; permanent
Passive Immunity
via exogenously formed antibodies; temporary
Live attenuated vaccine
effectiveness depends on ability to replicate, response is similar to natural infection, usually effective with single dose
Types of live attenuated vaccines
MMR, varicella, rotavirus, Flu, yellow fever
Inactivated vaccine
cannot replicate in host
usually requires multiple doses
protected in vivo against circulating antibodies
Types of inactivated vaccines
Flu, polio, Hep A and B, diphtheria, tetanus, pneumococcal, meningococcal, HIB, HPV
Which vaccine is given PO?
rotavirus
When is Hep A vaccine given?
2 doses: 1st dose at 12-15 months, 2nd dose 6-12 months after first dose (usually 2 y/o)
-inactivated vaccine, given IM
When do you give Hep B vaccine?
3 doses: 1st dose before child leaves hospital after born, 2nd dose at 1 month, 3rd dose between 6-9 months [Show Less]