DOMAIN I:
Designing instruction and assessment to promote student learning.
Competency 1
Understands (human development) and applies knowledge to
... [Show More] instruction/assessment which motivates students.
4 Developmental Domains
Cognitive, Social, Physical, and Emotional
Cognitive Development
The growth of thinking skills and processes.
Normal in Cognitive Development
student plays with peers and use toys of opposite gender.
Red Flags in Cognitive Development
student does not speak or play and rejects peer interaction.
Jean Piaget's Stages
Sensorimotor, Pre-operational, Concrete, and Formal
Sensorimotor
Occurs at ages 0-2: are attached to caregiver and develop speech towards the end of first year.
Object Permanence
common trait in sensorimotor stage "out of sight, out of mind".
Pre-Operational
Occurs at ages 2-7: engages in imaginative play and does not grasp that others have different ideas (egocentric).
Conservation
quantity remains the same no matter the size or shape of an object. When a child has grasped this concept it means they have moved from pre-op to concrete.
Concrete
Occurs at ages 7-11: demonstrates logical thought and how knowledge is gained through cooperative learning such as group discussions.
Reversibility
things can be done, then undone.
Formal
Occurs at ages 11 and up: able to research, debate, justify and extend own learning, and student-centered.
Social Development
Children learn through culture and develop thoughts based on interactions with others.
Zone of Proximal Development
difference between what a learner can do without help and what he/she can do with help.
Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Reasoning
Obedience and Punishment, Self-Interest, Conformity, Social Order, Social Contract, and Ethical Principles.
Pre-Conventional Level
Moral decisions are made based on own interests to avoid punishments or gain rewards.
Conventional Level
Focus is on pleasing others and following rules.
Post-Convetional Level
Doing what's allowed vs. what's right and rules can be bent for the good of the group without being rewarded.
Physical Development
Environmental factors and prenatal development such as malnutrition, illness, and prenatal health care.
Emotional Development
Childs ability to control feelings and form secure relationships.
Attachment
bond between child and caregiver.
Separation Anxiety
distress occurs when child is separated from caregiver.
Parenting Styles
Authoritarian, Permissive, Authoritative, and Uninvolved
Authoritarian
strict without reasoning.
Permissive
minimal control.
Authoritative
has rules but reasons with child.
Uninvolved
little interest and neglectful.
Schemata
thoughts and experiences from the past that one can use to relate to new information.
Learning Styles
The most common learning styles are visual, auditory, and kinesthetic.
Visual
learn by being shown images and graphs.
Auditory
absorb information by listening to lectures and group discussion.
Kinesthetic
file information in their brain through hands-on activities and constant movement.
What factors affect domains?
Vision, Perception, Disorganization, and Health.
Play
child build language, solve problems, and social skills.
Solitary Play
alone and does not pay attention to anyone.
Parallel Play
next to each other with the same game but do not talk or do same activity. [Show Less]