Homeostasis
the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment regardless of external changes
Health
Physical, mental, and social
... [Show More] well-being
Disease
deviation from the normal state of homeostasis
Health indicators
age, gender, environment, genetics, activity level
Primary focus in health care
Prevention of disease
Research process stage 1
basic science. Identification of technology used, work done in labratory, may require tests on cell/tissue cultures (animal testing)
Research process stage 2
test on a small number of human subjects
Research process stage 3
Clinical trials. involves a large number of patients, double-blind studies
Gross level
organ or system level
Microscopic level
cellular level
Biopsy
excision of small amounts of living tissue
Autopsy
Examination of the body and organs after death
Diagnosis
identification of a disease; evaluation of signs and symptoms with laboratory testing
Etiology
causative factors of a particular disease: congenital defects, inherited or genetic disorders, microorganisms, immunologic dysfunctions, degenerative changes, malignancy, metabolic or nutritional problems, trauma, burns, environmental factors
Idiopathic
cause of disease is unknown "IDIOT doesnt KNOW"
Iatrogenic
Error/treatment/procedure caused the disease
Predisposing factors
age, gender, environment, inherited factors
Prophylaxis
Prevent the spread of disease, preserve health
Prevention
Vaccinations, dietary/lifestyle modifications, prevention of potentially harmful activities
Pathogenesis
development of disease
Onset of disease
sudden/acute; insidious: gradual, vague symptoms
Acute disease
short-term, develops quickly EX: high fever, severe pain
Chronic disease
Develops gradually; milder symptoms, often intermittent with acute episodes
Sub clinical state
Pathologic changes occur, no obvious manifestations
Latent state
no symptoms or clinical signs evident in infectious disease: incubation period
Prodromal period
early development of the disease; signs are nonspecific or absent
Manifestations
Clinical evidence with signs and symptoms; Local: at the site of the problem, Systemic: general indicators of illness EX: fever
Signs
objective indicators of disease
Symptoms
subjective feelings
Lesions
specific local change in tissue
Syndrome
collection of signs and symptoms
Diagnositc tests
various laboratory tests; appropriate to manifestations and medical history [Show Less]