Pathfinder HLZ Test - Questions with Verified Answers Reference for Pathfinder Operations FM 3-21.38 Reference for Airborne and Air Assault Operations
... [Show More] FM 3-99 HLZ Considerations Tactical and Technical Technical selection factors Landing formations, Surface conditions, Obstacles, Approach and departure routes, Atmospheric conditions, Type of Load Size of HLZ factors Size/type of A/C, Pilot/unit proficiency, Day/Night Ops, Atmospheric Conditions (Humidity, Altitude, Temperature) TDP Size 1 Diameter and Type of A/C 25 Meters, OH-6, OH-58, MH-6, AH-6, UH-72A TDP Size 2 Diameter and Type of A/C 35 meters, AH-1W/Z, UH-1N/Y TDP Size 3 Diameter and Type of A/C 50 meters, UH-60, AH-64, SH-60, MH-60 (All 60 series) TDP Size 4 Diameter and Type of A/C 80 meters, All Cargo A/C, MV/CV-22B TDP Size 5 Diameter and Type of A/C 100 meters, all daytime SL, A/C of unknown origin, A/C using Land-Safe Systems TDP Size 6 Diameter and Type of A/C 125 meters, all SL using long lines TDP size 7 Diameter and Type of A/C 150 meters, all night SL, SL A/C using Land-Safe Landing Formations Trail, Echelon Left, Echelon Right, Heavy Right, Heavy Left, Diamond, Vee, Staggered Trail Right, Staggered Trail Left What Surface conditions are required? Firm enough to support weight of A/C and free of loose sand, snow, debris (use Alabama Heel stomp. Max of 2 inches) Minimum characteristics of obstacle 18" high, wide or deep. Slope considered obstacle Four R's Remove, reduce, red (mark), Radio (advise pilot) Where should you attempt to land A/C on slope? Upslope Ground Slope Restrictions 0-7 degrees - no restrictions 7-15 degrees - skid A/C terminate at hover. wheeled A/C issued advisory and land upslope over 15 degrees - all a/c terminate at hover Slope formula (Difference in elevation/ horizontal distance) * 57.3 How should approaches be made? Long axis of HLZ and into the wind Obstacle Buffer Ratio 10:1 or 100 meters max 5:1 or 50 meters if you may reduce Wind max 0-9 knots cross wind 0-5 knots tail wind Departure heading varying maximum 45 degrees Atmospheric Conditions Humidity, Altitude above sea level, temperature Type of load Internal, External, Personnel, Equipment Types of markings of Night OPs Inverted Y and NATO T When is 5th light used on Inverted Y?
All Cargo A/C How many lights needed and when is NATO T used? 5 lights. When coordinated for or flying above 500 feet AGL How much total length is added when NATO T is used? 20 meters Distances of Inverted Y? 5th light distance? 14 meters horizontal, 14 meters vertical and then 7 meters vertical. 7 meters if on top and 10 meters if bottom right Distances of NATO T lights? 10 meters between all lights Additional Aircraft light distances and location. 5 meters for non-cargo. 10 meters for cargo. both are right of the A/C SL landing light distances and locations 5 meters between triangle, 25 meters to TDP with no SL. 10 meters to right are landing lights at 10 meters apart. 5 meters between triangle, 25 meters to SL TDP with SL. 10 meters to left are landing lights at 10 meters apart. Landing lights colors Yellow or Orange Obstacle Colors Steady Red Prohibited Landing light colors red, blue, green Marking HLS daytime rifle over head, VS-17, etc. Determine Land Heading Long Axis of HLS Wind speed and direction Slope at Site GTA Placement considerations good 360 degree observation, not placed inside cleared area, opposite CCP. Now can have one A/C at hover [Show Less]