What are three approaches to pest control? - correct answer 1. cultural control
2. chemical control
3. biological control
Why are cultural practices
... [Show More] key factors in pest management? - correct answer If cultural practices are done correctly, then turfgrasses are healthy so that weeds, diseases, and other pests have trouble gaining a foothold. Any pest activity that does occur is masked by vigorously growing turf.
What are proper cultural practices for healthy turfgrass? - correct answer It begins with a selection of high quality turfgrass seed or sod that is well suited for the site followed by sound planting practices. The other proper cultural practices are mowing, watering, and fertilizing.
Explain "Healthy turfgrass is tolerant turfgrass." - correct answer Healthy turfgrass can withstand some pest problems without losing its quality or attractiveness. It is almost more capable of recovering when problems do occur.
Define "Biological control" - correct answer Using living organisms or their products to reduce pest populations (example: mites, nematodes, bacteria, and fungi)
Define "Chemical control" - correct answer Include not only pesticides that kill pests, but also repellents, attractants or pheromones, and insect growth regulators
Define "cultural control" - correct answer Manipulating the planting, growth, and maintenance of turf or a landscape to make it less attractive to a pest and reduce pest activity.
Define "endophyte" - correct answer A turfgrass plant that has fungus within it that is toxic to some insects
Define "pest resistance" - correct answer A pest population that can survive or "resist" the chemical's effect. When this happens, the chemical fails to provide adequate control and is no longer useful.
Define "preventative application" - correct answer Prevent a pest outbreak by making an application before the problem appears
Define "reactive (curative) application" - correct answer "Cure" a pest problem after the problem is noticed. Most insects can be adequately controlled after they are discovered, but before they cause significant damage.
Fine (red) fescue turfgrass - correct answer Tolerates shady, cool areas and becomes rapidly stressed in hot, sunny areas and attached by chinch bugs
Ryegrasses and Kentucky Bluegrasses - correct answer These do best in full sun. They become susceptible to disease in heavily shaded areas.
Improved turf-type tall fescue - correct answer Grows well in sun and shade. Tolerates drought as well as wear and tear of human activity
Tasks to be completed before planting are... - correct answer 1. use a rotary tiller to cultivate the soil 2. add topsoil if needed 3. add organic matter
Define "thatch" - correct answer A layer of living and decomposing turfgrass roots, stems, and leaves on the soil surface. Excessive thatch can cause problems, such as an environment for for insects and interfere with pesticide applications.
Obstacles to Effective Chemical Control - correct answer 1. the presence of thatch in turfgrass
2. poor timing of chemical control
3. pest resistance to the chemical control
What does "IPM" stand for? - correct answer Integrated Pest Management
What kind of "control" does this scenario describe?
"You select a blend of three improved tall-fescue cultivars containing endophytes. These tall fescues are resistant to chinch bugs, billbugs, and turfgrass caterpillars. The three cultivars are chosen because they also have differing resistance to brown patch disease, which is a problem on tall-fescue turfgrass." - correct answer cultural control: You picked a blend of three improved tall-fescue cultivars that provided natural resistance. This is a preventative control that reduced your need to react with pest infestation with chemical or biological controls.
What kind of "control" does this scenario describe?
"As summer continues, you keep the young turfgrass mowed to a height of three inches by frequent mowing, never removing more than 1/3 of the blade at a time. Fertilizer is applied to improve the light color and density. No evidence of crabgrass yet but you see some dandelions and thistle." - correct answer cultural control. You used proper mowing height and fertilizer rates were used.
What kind of "control(s)" does this scenario describe?
"A walk across the lawn in the fall reveals less than a dozen broadleaf weeds. These are spot-treated with a selective herbicide spray. You apply a fall fertilizer." - correct answer Chemical and Cultural Control: You spot sprayed a selective herbicide to control the weeds, but your cultural practices prevented a weed infestation.
Define "amine" - correct answer A salt form that formulates into a liquid product (herbicide). Amines are more water soluble
Define "annual vs. biennial vs. perennial" - correct answer Annuals complete their life cyles in one year (grows from seed, flowers, produces new seeds, and dies within one year). Biennials need two years to complete their life cycle (the first year they grow leaves, roots, and store energy then in the second year the flowers and seeds produce as well as the plant dies). Perennials persist year after year (they reproduce and spread by a variety of ways, especially in the soil through roots and stems underground).
Define "chemical control strategies" - correct answer Two chemical control strategies to control grassy weeds: preemergence herbicides and postemergence herbicides [Show Less]