NYSTCE CST Multi Subject Part 1 (241) Complete Solution
Phonics - A method of teaching students to read by correlating sounds with letters or groups of
... [Show More] letters in an alphabetic writing system. Children are taught, for example, that the letter n represents the sound /n/, and that it is the first letter in words such as nose, nice and new.
Phonological Processing - The use of phonemes to process spoken and written language. The broad category of phonological processing includes phonological awareness, phonological working memory, and phonological retrieval.
Phonological Awareness - Awareness of the sound structure of a language and the ability to consciously analyze and manipulate this structure via a range of tasks, such as speech sound segmentation and blending at the word, onset-rime, syllable, and phonemic levels.
Development of Phonological Awareness - 1. Word awareness
2. Responsiveness to rhyme and alliteration during word play
3. Syllable awareness
4. Onset and rime manipulation
5. Phoneme awareness
1. Word awareness - Tracking the words in sentences. Knowledge that words have meaning. (less important to teach directly)
Strategy: read-aloud, alphabet chants, high-frequency word books
2. Responsiveness to rhyme and alliteration during word play - Enjoying and reciting learned rhyming words or alliterative phrases in familiar storybooks or nursery rhymes.
Strategy: poetry books, alphabet chants, picture flashcards w/ objects whose names rhyme.
(Flashcards can be used in sorting and classifying activities.)
3. Syllable awareness - Counting, tapping, blending, or segmenting a word into syllables.
Strategy: Flashcards w/ objects whose names contain different numbers of syllables.
(Flashcards can be used in sorting activity.)
4. Onset and rime manipulation - Onset is the initial consonant in a one-syllable word. Rime includes the remaining sounds, including the vowel and any sounds that follow. The ability to produce a rhyming word depends on understanding that rhyming words have the same rime. Recognizing a rhyme is much easier than producing a rhyme.
Strategy: Blending and substitution activities.
5. Phonemic awareness - This is the student's awareness of the smallest units of sound in a word. It also refers to a student's ability to segment, blend, and manipulate these units. [Show Less]