Nursing Galen Fundamentals 155 Practice Exam 1 Questions With A Graded Answers.
Communication Process
A referent initiates communication between a
... [Show More] sender and a receiver, during which a message is sent through a channel and followed by feedback to ensure accuracy.
Non Verbal Communication
Nonverbal communication is wordless transmission of information. According to seminal research by Mehrabian (1971), 93% of communication is nonverbal. Body language constitutes 55% of all nonverbal communication, and voice inflection accounts for 38%. Nonverbal communication is the more accurate mode of conveying information. Realizing the frequency and value of nonverbal communication helps the nurse observe and assess patients more accurately. Nurses who perceive the potential effect of their own nonverbal behavior will communicate more professionally and consistently when interacting with others.
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Body Language
Body language is conveyed in many ways. Posture, stance, gait, facial expressions, eye movements, touch, gestures, and symbolic expressions influencing personal appearance, such as jewelry and make-up, generally communicate a person's thoughts more accurately than simple verbal interactions.
Facial Expresion and Eye Movement
Grimacing or rolling the eyes communicates significant information. Some facial expressions may indicate fear or apprehension regarding impending diagnostic testing or surgery.
Touch Gestures and Symobolic Expressions
Making physical contact in patient care situations can communicate caring or can be perceived as restrictive, depending on the type of touch used. Gently touching a blind patient's arm before providing care helps alert the patient to the nurse's presence (Fig. 3.2). Therapeutic touch, such as holding the patient's hand or touching the patient's shoulder, can provide comfort and may alleviate pain. This is especially true when a patient is undergoing a painful or stressful procedure. In most cases, it is important for the nurse to be aware of or verify a patient's openness to touch before implementing it as a nursing intervention.
Proxemics
proxemics (i.e., study of the spatial requirements of humans and animals). He identified four specific distances in which people interact: intimate space (0-1.5 feet), personal space (1.5-4 feet), social space (4-12 feet), and public space (12 feet or more).
Setting, Context, Content for Communication
Setting, Context, and Content
Spoken words may be communicated face to face, in a group setting, or through devices such as phones or intercoms. The setting of communication greatly influences what is or what can be shared.
Written Communication
Written communication, although effective in providing details and legal documentation, lacks the nuances that voice inflection and interactive conversation can provide.
Electronic Communication
Special care must be taken to maintain confidentiality while communicating electronically. Electronic communication in the form of information referencing, e-mail, social networking, and blogging can quickly contribute to a person's knowledge, providing patients and health care professionals with vital information. However, the potential for miscommunication exists, in part because nonverbal cues are not apparent. When communicating verbally by electronic media, patients and nurses must take time to validate and verify shared information because misunderstandings can occur if feedback is inadequate. Chapter 10 provides additional information on the requirements of electronic documentation.
Intrapersonal Communication
Intrapersonal communication (i.e., occurring internally) focuses on personal needs and can influence a person's well-being. Positive self-talk is internal conversation that provides motivation and [Show Less]