What are the typical demographics of a patient with MS (what type of person does this disease normally effect) - correct answer Young, caucasion female of
... [Show More] eastern European desent
At the onset of alzheimers, what category of medications should be initiated - correct answer Cholinesterase inhibitors
What factors contribute to a patient being high risk for falls - correct answer History of falls, medications, vision impairment, heat rate/rhythm abnormalities, footwear issues, home environment, gait/mobility issues, poor reflexes.
What classes of antibiotics would need to be renally dosed with a patient with impaired renal function - correct answer Vanc, floroquinolones, and aminoglycosides
What does FAST mean when assessing for s/s of stroke - correct answer Face, Arms, Speech, Time
How does an absence seizure present (symptoms) - correct answer Sudden onset, blank stare (upward rotation of eye), activity stops and appears transfixed, few seconds to 1 min
What is the difference between delirium and dementia - correct answer First involves underlying acute cause, abrupt onset, hours to days, reversible, hallucination, incoherent speech, and confusion. The second can have various causes, gradual change with mental status, months to years, progressive to irreversible (speech, memory, mood, and judgment).
What are the risk factors for development of a pressure ulcer? - correct answer Elderly are most at risk population. Thin skin and less subcutaneous fat along with less movement create and environment for pressure ulcers.
What are the red flag signs of a patient with low back pain. - correct answer Hx trauma, fever, unexplained weight loss, hx cancer, incontinence, long term steroid use, parental drug abuse, intense localized pain, inability to find comfortable position, Cadua Equina Syndrome. Always assess radiation of pain, bowel, bladder.
What are the common bacterial organisms associated with bacterial meningitis. - correct answer Neisseria meningitides (high mortality), haemophilus influenza type B, streptococcus pneumoniae most common
What are the s/s of alzheimers? - correct answer Presence of dementia by clinical exam and MMSE (mini-mental state exam) deficit in 2 or more areas of cognition, progressive worsening of memory and cognitive function without disturbed consciousness and absence of systemic illness/other brain disease. Impaired ability to learn new info along with disturbance in language, function, or perception.
What are the s/s of Parkinsons? - correct answer Age >60, tremor at rest (pill rolling), rigidity, bradykinesia, masked face, stopped posture, shuffling gait, arching (limbs, neck, back), decrease facial dexterity, dysphagia, orthostatic hypotension, anosmia, depression, cognitive impairment, freezing phenomenon, cogwheeling, postural instability (advanced disease)
What are the s/s of GB? - correct answer Prickling, pins and needles sensations in your fingers, toes, ankles or wrists. Weakness in your legs that spreads to your upper body. Unsteady walking or inability to walk or climb stairs. Difficulty with eye or facial movements, including speaking, chewing or swallowing. Severe pain that may feel achy or cramplike and may be worse at night. Difficulty with bladder control or bowel function. Rapid heart rate. Low or high blood pressure. Difficulty breathing.
What are s/s of temporal arteritis? - correct answer Jaw claudication (pain with chewing that is relieved when stops chewing), unilateral pain, temporal area with scalp tenderness; skin over artery is indurated, tender, warm, and reddened. Amaurosis fugaz (temporary blindness), may occur. Low-grade fever and fatigue, occurs sometimes. ESR/sed rate (often reaches 100 mm/hr or more). CRP elevated >50. Medical Urgency: polymyalgia rheumatica common in these patients, older adults and elder are more common.
What are articular bone structures? - correct answer Includes structures like the synovium, synovial fluid, articular cartilage, joint capsules, and juxta-articular bone. Articular disorders may be characterized by deep or diffuse pain, pain or limited ROM on active and passive movement, swelling, crepitus.
What are non-articular bone structures? - correct answer Supportive structures such as tendons, bursae, muscles, fascia, bone, nerve, overlying skin. Tend to be painful on active but not passive (assisted) ROM. Seldom demonstrate swelling, crepitus, instability, or deformity by itself.
What dx test is most useful in patient who presents with lumbar radiculopathy? - correct answer The straight leg raise (assesses L5-S1). This is best initial diagnostic because the most common disc herniation is at L5-S1. Straight leg raise will cause sciatica and radicular pain.
In older adults, how can you increase physical activity-things you can encourage or are there certain underlying factors that would enable a patient to be more successful? - correct answer Ensure the patient is motivated
What are s/s of bells palsy? (cranial nerve VII) - correct answer Facial paralysis with normal ocular movement and sensation. Loss of taste (dysgeusia). Postauricular pain. Sound sensitivity (hyperacusis). Heavy feeling in face.
What are the demographics/people effected by bells palsy? - correct answer Anyone at any age. It occurs most often in pregnant women, and people who have diabetes, influenza, a cold, or another upper respiratory ailment. Bell's palsy affects men and women equally. It is less common before age 15 or after age 60.
What is the testing for bells palsy? - correct answer There's no specific test for it. Your doctor will look at your face and ask you to move your facial muscles by closing your eyes, lifting your brow showing your teeth and frowning, among other movements.
What is the treatment for Bells palsy? - correct answer Prevent eye injury, acyclovir, Prednisone, NSAIDs for pain, rest decreased auditory stimulation. Self limiting, recovery in a few weeks or months.
What are the s/s of Migraine? - correct answer Often but not always unilateral and tends to have a throbbing or pulsatile quality. Accompanying features may include nausea, vomiting, photophobia, or phonophobia during attacks. Can be precipitated by an aura. Triggered by things like stress, caffeine, weather changes, or food.
What are the s/s of cluster headaches? - correct answer Unilateral, often severe headache attacks and typical accompanying autonomic symptoms. Characterized by attacks of severe unilateral orbital, supraorbital, or temporal pain accompanied by autonomic phenomena. Unilateral autonomic symptoms are ipsilateral to the pain and may include ptosis, miosis, lacrimation, conjunctival injection, rhinorrhea, and nasal congestion. Attacks usually last 15 to 180 minutes. Can last 2-3 months.
What is a potential complication of steroid use in a patient with impaired integrity of bone structure? - correct answer Increased risk of fx
Where do the cervical nerves innervate? - correct answer C1-4: head, neck, diaphragm
C5-8: neck, shoulders, arms, wrists, hands
What are the s/s of carpal tunnel? - correct answer Related to compression of the median nerve, which results in pain, paresthesia, numbness and tingling, and associated weakness in the hand and wrist that radiate to the thumb, index finger, middle finger, and radial half of the ring finger.
What are the s/s of Gout? - correct answer Form of arthritis characterized by painful flare-ups in joints of distal extremities.
What are s/s of medial epicondylitis? - correct answer Pain on the inside of elbow. Elbow stiffness, hand and wrist weakness. Tingling sensation or numbness in the fingers, especially the ring and little fingers. Difficulty moving the elbow, will be pain with wrist flexion. [Show Less]