Accumulation of too much medication in the bloodstream
drug toxicity
Methods or procedures intended to prevent or avoid adverse
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precautions
Elimination of medications from the body primarily through the kidneys
excretion
Indicates the safety margin of medications.
therapeutic index
The undesired effect when a medication is administered
side/adverse effect
Same metabolic pathway metabolizes two medications, it can alter the metabolism of one or both of the medications
similar metabolic pathways
Medications that inhibit or block the responses of agonists
antagonist
Medications capable of binding with receptors and causing a cellular response
agonist
The transmission of medications from the location of administration to the bloodstream
absorption
Transportation of medications to sites of action by bodily fluids
distribution
Medication intake equals medication metabolism and excretion.
steady state
A hyper response of body tissues to a foreign substance
allergic reaction
How medications travel through the body. It includes the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
pharmacokinetics
Interactions between medications and target cells, body systems, and organs to produce an effect
pharmacodynamics
Measures levels of medications in the bloodstream before and after a medication is administered
peak and trough
A condition or factor that serves as a reason to withhold medications due to the harm that it would cause the patient
contraindications
The official or nonproprietary name that is given by the United States Adopted Names Council, it is never capitalized.
generic name
The medication metabolized by the increased enzyme will result in a more rapid metabolism, requiring an increase in dosage.
increase in medication-metabolizing enzymes
When a medication starts to have an effect
onset
Reduced responsiveness to a medication administered over time
drug tolerance
Medications compete for protein-binding sites within the bloodstream, primarily albumin
protein binding
Some oral medications are metabolized through the liver before reaching the bloodstream.
first pass effect
The preferred and expected effect for which a medication is administered
therapeutic effect
A medication produces effects that are more pronounced than those produced by the first dose
cumulative effect
Changes medications into less active or inactive forms by the action of enzymes primarily through the liver
metabolism
The highest concentration of a medication in the bloodstream
peak
The length of action of a medication
duration
An acute allergic response to an antigen that results in severe hypotension and may cause death if untreated
anaphylactic shock
The ability of a medication to reach its target cells and produce its effect
bioavailability
The period of time needed for the medication to be reduced by 50% in the body
half life
Proprietary name given by the company that manufactures the medication, it is always capitalized.
trade or brand name
What is nephrotoxicity
damage to the kidneys by a toxic substance
What is CNS toxicity
brain toxicity
What is cardiotoxicity
heart toxicity
What is hepatotoxicity
liver toxicity
What is pulmonary toxicity?
lung toxicity
What is ototoxicity?
ear toxicity
Lifespan effects of aging adult
decreased:
lean body mass
kidney function and glomerular filtration rate
body water
blood flow through cardiovascular system, liver and kidneys
hepatic enzyme function
GI motility
increased body fat
Lifespan effects of peds patients
immature:
kidney function
blood-brain barrier
liver function [Show Less]