NUR 410 NCLEX Final Comprehensive Exam Questions with Answers (With Explained Rationales)-The nurse who was responsible for organizing relief efforts for
... [Show More] soldiers during the U.S. Civil War and who was the founder of the American Red Cross was
A. Clara Barton.
B. Sojourner Truth.
C. Mary Breckenridge. - A. Clara Barton
Clara Barton was responsible for organizing relief efforts during the U.S. Civil War. In 1882, she successfully persuaded Congress to ratify the Treaty of Geneva, which allowed the Red Cross to perform humanitarian efforts in times of peace. Lavinia Dock was a writer and political activist. Sojourner Truth was an advocate for abolishing slavery and supporting women's rights. Mary Breckenridge developed nursing in rural Kentucky in the 1920s, establishing the Frontier Nursing Service.
Which act, established in the 1940s, provided grants to states for the purpose of new construction of health care institutions?
A. The Health Amendments Act
B. The Hill-Burton Act
C. The Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act
D. The McCarren-Ferguson Act - B. The Hill-Burton Act
The Hill-Burton Act of 1946 provided grants to states for the construction of new hospitals, targeting low income and rural areas. The McCarren-Ferguson Act gave states the right to regulate health insurance plans. The Health Amendments Act authorizes funds for registered nurse education in administration, supervision, or teaching. The Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act established the prospective payment system for
Which is the correct process a bill must take before final approval by the president?
a. A bill must go through discussion by the Supreme Court and then be submitted for final approval by the president.
b. A bill must succeed through the two legislative bodies, the House of Representatives and the Senate, and then be submitted for final approval by the president.
c. A bill must be approved by the House and Senate and then go before a committee before being submitted for final approval by the president.
d. A bill must succeed through one of the two legislative bodies, the House of Representatives and the Senate, and then be submitted for final approval by the president. - D. A bill must succeed through the two legislative bodies, the House of Representatives and the Senate, and then be submitted for final approval by the president.
a. A bill must go through discussion by the Supreme Court and then be submitted for final approval by the president.
b. A bill must succeed through the two legislative bodies, the House of Representatives and the Senate, and then be submitted for final approval by the president.
1. The bill must succeed through both legislative bodies, the House of Representatives and the Senate. The Supreme Court is not involved in creating legislation. A bill goes before a committee before going to either legislative body.
c. A bill must be approved by the House and Senate and then go before a committee before being submitted for final approval by the president.
d. A bill must succeed through one of the two legislative bodies, the House of Representatives and the Senate, and then be submitted for final approval by the president.
Decisions on public policy are made by which part of the federal government?
1. Legislative, executive, or judicial branches of the government
2. Only the executive branch (president, governor, mayor)
3. Supreme Court
4. House of Representatives and Senate - 1. Legislative, executive, or judicial branches of the government
Public policy refers to decisions made by legislative, executive, or judicial branches at the local, state, or federal levels of government.
A statement of a decision regarding a goal in health care and a plan for achieving that goal is called
A. nursing policy.
B. fiscal policy.
C. social policy.
D. health policy. - D. health policy
Health policy is a statement of a decision regarding a goal in health care and a plan for achieving that goal. Nursing policy specifies nursing leadership that influences and shapes health policy and nursing practice. Fiscal policy is related to finance. Social policy is policy associated with individuals and communities.
Groups such as professional organizations, nonprofit health care organizations, and corporations that sponsor health care are/is called
A. the public sector.
B. the private sector.
C. stakeholders.
D. field experts. - the private sector.
The private sector includes employers, professional organizations (e.g., American Hospital Association), nonprofit health care organizations (e.g., American Heart Association), and for-profit corporations that deliver, insure, or fund health care services outside government control. The public sector is concerned with providing government services. A stakeholder is one who can affect or be affected by the actions of an organization as a whole. An expert is one who has extensive knowledge or skill in a particular field.
The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) assists nursing workforce development by
A. establishing schools of nursing.
B. supporting organizations with a political agenda for health care.
C. providing federal funds to promote health care reform.
providing grants to provide for education and recruitment. - providing grants to provide for education and recruitment.
The nursing workforce development programs administered by the HRSA through Title VIII provide federal support for nurses' workforce development. The HRSA does not establish nursing schools but provides federal funding for nursing education at the undergraduate and graduate levels and favors institutions that educate nurses for practice in rural and medically underserved communities. The other options do not assist nursing workforce development.
A person who acts as a representative for another person or organization before the legislature is called a(n)
A. advocate.
B. policy maker.
C. lobbyist.
D. field expert. - C. lobbyist
A lobbyist is a person, who voluntarily or for a fee, represents him- or herself, or another individual, organization, or entity for the purpose of influencing policy or legislation. An advocate is a person who supports a cause or policy. A policy maker is one who creates policies. An expert is one who has extensive knowledge or skill in a particular field.
Political action committees (PAC) are formed by professional organizations, business, or labor groups for the purpose of
A. attracting candidates who are sympathetic to particular health care issues.
B. lobbying legislation about health policies.
C. being an advocate for health care reform.
D. providing financing to professional organizations. - attracting candidates who are sympathetic to particular health care issues.
PACs are nonpartisan entities that promote the election of candidates believed to be sympathetic to their interests. The purpose of specific PACs could be to promote certain health care issues or health care reform or to obtain financing for certain professional organizations.
Nurses' involvement in policy can be achieved by (Select all that apply.)
A. conducting and supporting health policy research.
B. avoiding discussions that involve health policy that may be controversial.
C. working with health care professionals to influence change in the quality of health care.
D. writing letters to educate legislators about health care issues.
E. monitoring the quality ratings of health care organizations and suggesting changes that would improve care. - A. conducting and supporting health policy research.
C. working with health care professionals to influence change in the quality of health care.
D. writing letters to educate legislators about health care issues.
E. monitoring the quality ratings of health care organizations and suggesting changes that would improve care.
Nurses can support and use nursing research that demonstrates positive clinical and economic outcomes. This would serve to validate the importance of nursing within the health system. External strategies that nurses can use to influence private health policy include participation in discussion regarding quality and managed care. Nurses should work cooperatively with other health professions to influence managed care organizations to improve quality of care. Nurses should monitor the quality ratings of health care organizations and suggest changes that would improve care. Writing letters to legislators is a direct way to communicate opinions and concerns. Avoiding controversial discussions on health policy, however, will not foster positive changes.
Which prospective payment method determined the amount of reimbursement that health care providers would receive for specific illnesses from Medicare?
A. Current procedural terminology codes
B. Actuarial classifications
C. Diagnosis-related groups
D. Medigap insurance - C. Diagnosis-related groups
For determination of the prospective amount, Medicare depended on the diagnosis-related groups to calculate the reimbursement. Physician services are coded according to current procedural terminology codes. Actuarial classifications ensured that adequate premiums were charged by private health insurers for the projected health care needs of those enrolled. Medigap insurance is a privately purchased individual or group health insurance plan designed to supplement Medicare coverage.
Access to health care is determined by the circumstances of the individual that obstruct the means to obtain desired health care. Which is not a barrier to health care access?
A. Preexisting conditions
B. Nonparticipating physician
C. Inability to communicate
D. Personal avoidance of a health problem - D. Personal avoidance of a health problem
Any condition that prevents an individual from seeking desired health care presents a barrier. Chosen avoidance is not a barrier.
In a managed care organization, physicians are responsible for the approval or referral of some services. In this position, they are referred to as
A. enforcers.
B. gatekeepers.
C. carriers.
D. distributors. - B. gatekeepers
Some services may only be accessed on approval or referral from physicians who are called gatekeepers (the primary care providers). The other options do not pertain to the referral or approval of services by a physician.
The early Blue Cross and Blue Shield plan was an example of a/an
A. health maintenance organization.
B. prospective payment plan.
C. indemnity plan.
D. cafeteria plan. - a demand for complex and advanced services
The early Blue Cross and Blue Shield plan was an example of an indemnity plan. This plan paid all of the costs of covered services provided to the enrollee. The enrollee enjoyed free choice of provider and services. Indemnity plans preserved the enrollee's right of choice and allowed the person to manage his or her own health care. A health maintenance organization is a managed care plan that acts as an insurer and sometimes a provider for a fixed prepaid premium. Prospective payment is payment for health care providers based on the disease or injury that is treated. Cafeteria plans are customizable health care plans.
A major cause for the rise in health care costs is
A. an increase in the specialization of physicians.
B. a decrease in nonprofit hospitals.
C. a shortage in the number of primary care physicians.
D. a demand for complex and advanced services. - D. a demand for complex and advanced services.
The spiraling health care costs, starting from the mid-1960s and persisting into the twenty-first century, were fueled by the presence of very rapid technological advances, society's sense of entitlement to these therapies, a guaranteed payer, and the prevailing medical orientation toward curative measures. The number of physicians or hospitals is not a primary contributor to rising health care costs. [Show Less]