drug response - correct answer the intensity of the drug response is directly related to the concentration of the drug at the SITE OF ACTION
Goal is
... [Show More] to:
- maximize the beneficial effects- concentration high enough for desired response
- minimize harm- avoid to high a concentration
Three phases of drug action - correct answer 1. pharmaceutic phase (dissolution)
2. pharmacokinetic phase (drug moving through the body)
3. pharmacodynamic phase (what the drug does to the body)
1. pharmaceutic phase - correct answer the drug goes into solution
- Dissolution: the process by which a drug goes into solution and becomes available for absorption
- must be dissolved before it can be absorbed
- most absorption takes place in the small intestine
2. pharmacokinetic phase: four processes - correct answer "what the BODY does to the drug"
- absorption
- distribution
- metabolism/ biotransformation
- exertion
pharmacokinetic phase: Absorption - correct answer (small intestine) the movement of a drug from its site of administration into the blood
pharmacokinetic phase: Distribution - correct answer drug moves from blood --> cell membrane
pharmacokinetic phase: Metabolism/biotransformation - correct answer lipid soluble metabolite (liver) --> a water soluble metabolite
pharmacokinetic phase: Excretion - correct answer water soluble metabolite (kidneys)
liver - correct answer breaks down the drug
kidneys - correct answer excretes the drug
Pharmacokinetic phase movement process - correct answer orally --> stomach --> SI --> bloodstream --> site of action --> liver (broken down) --> kidneys (excreted)
IV --> bloodstream --> cite of action --> liver --> kidneys
drugs crossing the cell membranes phospholipid cell layer - correct answer -drugs must be LIPID SOLUBLE in order to pass through the membrane
- WATER SOLUBLE drugs penetrate the cell membrane through channels and pores
Absorption
1. direct penetration of the membranes
2. channels and pores
3. transport systems - correct answer the movement of a drug from its site of administration to the blood [Show Less]