NUR 209 MIDTERM EXAM
NMT: Infants and Children - ans-- salivation starts at 3 mnth of age
- children have 20 temporary deciduous teeth
Throat -
... [Show More] ans-Tonsils: mass of lymphoid tissue, same color as surround muscus membrane, more glandular deep crypts on surface
- oral cavity and throat have rich vascular network
Mouth - ans-- Hard-palate: bone whitish color
- lips; transition zone
- soft palate: pinker mobile arch of muscle
- uvula: free projection hanging down middle soft plate
- cheeks: side wall of oral cavity
- tongue: mass of striated
- papillae: rough bumps elevations (dorsal)
- vallate papillae: inverted v-shape, posterior tongue
- Frenulum: connects tongue to mouth floor
- Parotid gland (stensens duct): submandibular gland (Wharton's duct), sublingual gland
- secretes saliva, moistens/libricates food, starts digestion, cleans + protects mucosa
Nose - ans-- first segment of respiratory system
- kisselbachs plexus- common site of nosebleeds
- nose moistens warms and filters inhaled air, sensory organ for smell
- superior part is bridge, tip, opening are nares, columella divides two nostrils, ala is lateral wing
- nasal cavity: anterior edge has coarse nasal hairs (vibrissae) rest lined with ciliated mucous membranes- dust + bacteria
- superior, middle, inferior turbinates (increased SA so more blood vessels + mucous membrane warm and filter air)
- sinuses drain into middle meatus
- olfactory receptors- smell receptors
- paranasal sinuses: air filled pockets, communicate w/ nasal community
- lined ciliated mucous membrane, resonates for sound production, provide mucous (drains into nasal cavity)
- Frontal sinus, maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid
NMT: Normal Findings - ans-- Nose is midline
- nasal cavity is red, and smooth
- turbinates same red as mucosa
- sinuses: patient should feel pressure/no pain
- Teeth are white, evenly spaced, straight, no debris
- normal occlusion back teeth rest directly on top, upper incisors slightly override lower
- gums are pink/coral with stippled surface, margins are tight
- tongue: pink/even
- thin white coating present
- saliva present
- buccal mucosa: pink, smooth, moist
- Stensens duct: small dimple opposite upper second molar
- Hard palate: white, rugae
- soft palate: pink, smooth, upwardly moveable
- torus palatines: modular bony ridge
- uvula: fleshy pendant hanging midline (Ahhh- rises)
-tonsils: same pink as oral mucosa, indentations , 1+, 2+
NMT: Subjective Data - ans-NOSE
- discharge
- frequent colds (upper respiratory system)
- sinus pain
- trauma
- epistaxis (nosebleeds)
- allergies
- altered sense of smell
MOUTH AND THROAT
- sores or lesions
- sore throat
- bleeding gums
- toothache
- hoarseness
- Dysphagia
- Altered taste
- smoking, alcohol consumption
- self-care behaviours
NMT: Social Determinants - ans--cleft palate
- oral hyperpigmentation: increases w age
- indigenous communities has worse oral health status
NMT: Older adults - ans-- sense of smell may diminish- decreased # of olfactory nerves fibers
- oral cavity: soft tissues, atrophy, epithelium thins (cheek, tongue), loss of taste buds, 80% reduction in taste
- atrophic tissue increase risk for oral yeast infections (throsh )
- tooth surfaces abraded, gums recede, teeth erode at gum lone, tooth loss
- malocclusion- teeth drift upper/lower incisors protrude
- Diminished taste/smell leads to malnutrition
NMT: Pregnant Women - ans-- Nasal surfaces of nosebleeds (epistaxis) may occur as a result of increased vascularity in upper respiratory tract
- gums may be hyperaemic and softened and may bleed with normal tooth brushing
HNV: Pregnant Woman - ans-- Blood volume increased 30-40% expansion most rapid @ 2nd semester
- Expansion causes an increase in SV and CO and an increase in pulse rate by 10-15 bpm
- growing unterus obstructs drainage of iliac vein and inferior vena cava; dependant edema [Show Less]