A 52-year-old male enters a sleep study to gather information about his sleep disturbances. He reports
that his wife will not let him sleep in the bed
... [Show More] with her until he stops snoring so loudly. He also reports
feeling tired a lot through the day. When the nurse checks the chart, what is the most likely diagnosis?
Insomnia - Not Selected
Correct answer: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS)
Somnambulism - Not Selected
Jet-lag syndrome - Not Selected
General Feedback
OSAS generally results from upper airway obstruction recurring during sleep with excessive snoring and
multiple apneic episodes that last 10 seconds or longer. Insomnia is the inability to fall or stay asleep and
may be mild, moderate, or severe. It does not involve snoring. Somnambulism is sleep-walking. Jet-lag
syndrome is a disorder of waking and sleeping and does not involve snoring.
2. For legal purposes, brain death is defined as:
Correct answer: cessation of entire brain function.
lack of cortical function - Not Selected
a consistent vegetative state (VS) - Not Selected
death of the brainstem - Not Selected
General Feedback
Brain death occurs when there is cessation of function of the entire brain, including the brainstem and
cerebellum. Lack of cortical function or brainstem death is not enough to define brain death. A VS is
complete unawareness of the self or surrounding environment and complete loss of cognitive function.
3. An infant is diagnosed with congenital hydrocephalus. Which of the following characteristics would
the nurse expect to find?
Correct answer: Enlarged ventricles
Decreased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production - Not Selected
Increased resorption of CSF - Not Selected
Smaller than average head circumference - Not Selected
General Feedback
Congenital hydrocephalus is characterized by enlargement of the cerebral ventricles. Increased, not
decreased, CSF production would lead to hydrocephalus. Decreased resorption of CSF would lead to
hydrocephalus, not increased CSF. An infant with congenital hydrocephalus would have increased head
circumference.
4. An 11-year-old is newly diagnosed with type 1 DM. Which classic symptoms should the nurse assess
the patient for?
Recurrent infections, visual changes, fatigue, and paresthesia - Not Selected
Correct answer: Polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, and weight loss
Vomiting, abdominal pain, sweet, fruity breath, dehydration, and Kussmaul breathing - Not
Selected
Weakness, vomiting, hypotension, and mental confusion - Not Selected
General Feedback
Classic symptoms of type 1 DM include polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, and weight loss. Recurrent
infections and visual changes are complications of diabetes. Vomiting, abdominal pain, and sweet breath
are signs of diabetic ketoacidosis. Weakness, hypotension, and mental confusion are signs of
hypoglycemia.
5. When should the nurse assess for the vomiting and headache that are the classic symptoms of
childhood brain tumors?
Correct answer: Morning
Early afternoon - Not Selected
As the sun goes down and darkness begins - Not Selected
During the middle of the night - Not Selected
General Feedback
Headache and vomiting occur more commonly in the morning.
6. A patient is admitted to the intensive care unit with a closed head injury sustained in a motorcycle
accident. The injury has caused severe damage to the posterior pituitary. Which of the following
complications should the nurse anticipate?
Incorrect answer: Dilutional hyponatremia
Correct Answer: Dehydration from polyuria
Cardiac arrest from hyperkalemia - Not Selected
Metabolic acidosis - Not Selected
General Feedback
Diabetes insipidus is a well-recognized complication of closed head injury and is manifested by polyuria
leading to dehydration. The patient will experience hypernatremia, not hyponatremia. Electrolytes other
than sodium are typically not affected with diabetes insipidus. Acidosis is not associated with diabetes
insipidus.
7. A patient diagnosed with Graves disease is admitted to a medical-surgical unit. Which of the following
symptoms would the nurse expect to find before treatment?
Weight gain, cold intolerance - Not Selected
Slow heart rate, rash - Not Selected
Correct answer: Skin hot and moist, rapid heart rate
Constipation, confusion - Not Selected
General Feedback
Symptoms of Graves disease include heat intolerance and increased tissue sensitivity to stimulation by
the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. Weight loss, rather than weight gain, and
heat intolerance would result. Tachycardia, not slow heart rate, would occur. Diarrhea would occur as
opposed to constipation.
8. Which finding indicates the patient is having complications from heat stroke?
Mild elevation of core body temperatures - Not Selected
Correct answer: Cerebral edema and degeneration of the CNS
Spasmodic cramping in the abdomen and extremities - Not Selected
Alterations in calcium uptake - Not Selected [Show Less]