Angioedema
A puffiness of face, lips, and neck due to swelling underneath the skin; common in allergic reactions
Aura
the state of mind just
... [Show More] before the onset of a seizure; strange feeling, some may experience visions
Diabetes type-I
Juvenile diabetes requires daily insulin injection
Diabetes type-II
Adult onset diabetes, can be controlled by diet, exercise, and weight loss
Dysarthria
Slurred speech
Expressive aphasia
Loss of speech
Hemorrhagic stroke
Rupture of a blood vessel in the brain
Hyperglycemia
high blood sugar
Hypoglycemia
low blood sugar
Insulin
Hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates glucose metabolism (blood sugar) by signaling the cells of the body to intake sugar from the blood
Ischemic Stroke
A blocking of an artery of the brain which prevents blood flow and oxygen brain tissue, usually caused by atherosclerosis. This is the most common type of stroke
Ketoacidosis
A lowering of blood pH due to the use of fatty acids for energy. This happens when insulin is not present to allow glucose to enter the cells. It is usually associated with hyperglycemia
Postictal
After a seizure state, brain is recovering. Patient is likely confused and exhausted
Receptive aphasia
Loss of understanding
Status epilepticus
When seizures come one on top of the other, so that there is more than 3 per hour or they last progressively longer. This is a medical emergency.
What is a behavioral emergency?
When a person acts in a way that is not considered normal or appropriate by their family or community
How many EMT's should be in charge of one situation?
1
Describe when someone can refuse care
18+, Can make informed decisions, not under the influence, understand the risks associated with refusing care, sign a release form
What are the five rights?
The right patient, the right time and frequency, right dose, right route of administration, right drug
What are opioid analgesics?
Painkillers, common cause of drug poisoning
What are sedative hypnotics?
Slow down body functions; cause decreased respirations
What are anticholinergics?
Antidepressants
What are cholinergics?
Causes excretion from orifices
What are inhalants?
Airplane glue, paint, nitrous oxide, decrease respirations
What are sympthomimetics?
Imitates adrenlaine- Meth, amphetamines, cocaine, epinephrine
What are hallucinogens?
Distorts thoughts, senses, and perception
What is treatment of hypogylcemia?
Insulin Shock
What is one way of treating hyperglycemia?
Oral Glucose
What is hyperglycemia?
When the body is not supplied with insulin
How can you detect ketone production?
Fruit Odor Breath
T/F Hyperglycemic patients needs to be hospitalized
True
What is a seizure?
Short circuit in the brain as a result of hyperactive firing of a neuron
What is a grand mal seizure?
Complete loss of consciousness followed by spasm of all the body's muscles
What are petit mal seizures?
Known as absence seizures; most common in children. lasting for seconds and is visible by twitching facial muscles/ hands
What are focal motor seizures?
Isolated muscular quivering or shaking
What are febrile seizures?
Occurs in seizures as a result of high fevers
If someone has a history of diabetes what can you do?
Administer oral glucose
What is Transient Ischemic attack (TIA)?
Passing of a blood clot through the brain that results in temporary stroke-like symptoms
How long is a TIA?
Few minutes to a few hours
What are symptoms of anaphylaxis?
Swelling of hands or feet, hives, angiodema, decreased blood pressure, coughing and difficulty breathing
What is the biggest concern of anaphylaxis?
Swelling of throat
How can poisons enter the body?
Injection, Ingestion, Inhalation, Absoprtion
If there is H2S or other gas what do you do?
Wait for the patient to be retrieved, ensure and maintain airway, administer high flow O2
If poison is through contact what do you do?
Flush thoroughly
What are the most common causes of food poisoning?
E. Coli and Salmonella
What is a major concern of food poisoning?
Dehydration
What are symptoms of food poisoning?
Cramps, nausea, diarrhea and vomiting
Review types of bites
...
What is hypothermia?
When the core body temp is below 94F
What are stages of hypothermia?
Shivering, coldness, torso feels cold, mental impairment, sleepiness, bradycardia, death
When do rewarm a patient?
When directed by a medical overseer
If someone is frostbitten and you are to rewarm them what do you do?
Immerse them in body temp water
What is hyperthermia?
When the core temp is above 99F
How do you treat someone with hyperthermia?
Take them out of heat and provide fluids
Heat exhaustion is common in....
Seniors
Symptoms of heat exhaustion...
Heavy perspiring, nausea, and light headiness
What are common risk factors for potential suicide?
Mental disorders, previous suicide attempts, alcohol or drug abuse
Suicide is most common with...
15-25, over 40
If you needed to restrain a patient what do you do?
At least 5 people
What is organic brain syndrome?
A condition of the elderly as it refers to mental dysfunction
What is peritonitis?
Digestive organ bleeding, inflammation, or blockage
When someone has acute abdomen pain, what do you do?
Limit the on-scene time
What do you not do if someone has acute abdomen pain?
Nothin by mouth
What is secondary survey?
Observing the 4 quadrants, listening to sounds
What is appendicitis?
A rupture of the appendix in the right lower quadrant
What is duodenal ulcer disease?
Ulcers of stomach in upper half of the quadrant
What are kidney stones?
A mineral blockage in the kidneys, pain in lower back, radiating down to genital area
What is cholecystitis?
Inflammation of the gall bladder in upper right quadrant
What is pancreatitis?
Inflammation of the pancreas associated with heavy drinking
What is referred pain?
When the pain is occurring in a different place than the cause of the pain
What is in the upper right?
Liver, gallbladder, top of pancreas, right kidney, part of the duodenum, part of colon
Upper left
Spleen, end of pancreas, stomach, left kidney, part of colon
Lower Right
Appendix, ascending colon, stomach, left kidney, part of colon
Lower Left
Small intestine, descending colon, left ovary
How do you treat genital injuries?
The same as abdominal or soft tissue injury [Show Less]