NR507 midterm Exam (Latest, Already Graded 118 out of 120 points)
Question 1
2 / 2 pts
The lung is innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system via
... [Show More] which nerve?
Correct!
Vagus
Phrenic
Brachial
Pectoral
Fibers of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) travel
only in the vagus nerve to the lung.
Question 2
2 / 2 pts
What is the action of urodilatin?
Urodilatin causes vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles.
It causes vasodilation of the efferent arterioles.
Urodilatin inhibits antidiuretic hormone secretion.
Correct!
It inhibits salt and water reabsorption.
Urodilatin (a natriuretic peptide) inhibits sodium and water reabsorption from the
medullary part of collecting duct, thereby producing diuresis. It is not involved in the
actions described by the other options.
Question 3
2 / 2 pts
What is the direct action of atrial natriuretic hormone?
Sodium retention
Correct!
Sodium excretion
Water retention
Water excretion
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) inhibit the secretion
of renin, inhibit angiotensin-induced secretion of aldosterone, vasodilate the afferent
and constrict the efferent glomerular arterioles, and inhibit sodium and water absorption
by kidney tubules. The other actions are not a result of the atrial natriuretic hormone.
Question 4
2 / 2 pts
Which statement best describes a Schilling test?
Correct!
Administration of radioactive cobalamin and the measurement of its excretion in the
urine to test for vitamin B12 deficiency
Measurement of antigen-antibody immune complexes in the blood to test for hemolytic
anemia
Measurement of serum ferritin and total iron-binding capacity in the blood to test for iron
deficiency anemia
Administration of folate and measurement in 2 hours of its level in a blood sample to
test for folic acid deficiency anemia.
The Schilling test indirectly evaluates vitamin B12 absorption by administering radioactive
B12 and measuring excretion in the urine. This selection is the only option that accurately
describes a Schilling test.
Question 5
2 / 2 pts
Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) can occur if the mother:
Is Rh-positive and the fetus is Rh-negative
Correct!
Is Rh-negative and the fetus is Rh-positive
Has type A blood and the fetus has type O
Has type AB blood and the fetus has type B
HDN can occur only if antigens on fetal erythrocytes differ from antigens on maternal
erythrocytes. Maternal-fetal incompatibility exists only if the mother and fetus differ in
ABO blood type or if the fetus is Rh-positive and the mother is Rh-negative. This
erythrocyte incompatibility does not exist in any of the other options.
Question 6
2 / 2 pts
Which T-lymphocyte phenotype is the key determinant of childhood asthma?
Cluster of differentiation (CD) 4 T-helper Th1 lymphocytes
Correct!
CD4 T-helper Th2 lymphocytes
CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes
Memory T lymphocytes
Asthma develops because the Th2 response (in which CD4 T-helper cells produce
specific cytokines, such as interleukin [IL]–4, IL-5, and IL-13) promotes an atopic and
allergic response in the airways. This selection is the only option that accurately
identifies the appropriate T-lymphocyte phenotype.
Question 7
2 / 2 pts
Perceived stress elicits an emotional, anticipatory response that begins where?
Prefrontal cortex
Anterior pituitary
Correct!
Limbic system
Hypothalamus
Perceived stressors elicit an anticipatory response that begins in the limbic system of
the brain, the only option responsible for emotions and cognition.
Question 8
2 / 2 pts
Hypersensitivity is best defined as a(an):
Disturbance in the immunologic tolerance of self-antigens
Immunologic reaction of one person to the tissue of another person
Correct!
Altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease
Undetectable immune response in the presence of antigens
Hypersensitivity is an altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in
disease or damage to the host. The other options are not accurate definitions of
hypersensitivity.
Question 9
2 / 2 pts
It has been determined that a tumor is in stage 2. What is the meaning of this finding?
Cancer is confined to the organ of origin.
Cancer has spread to regional structures.
Correct!
Cancer is locally invasive.
Cancer has spread to distant sites
Cancer confined to the organ of origin is stage 1; cancer that is locally invasive is stage
2; cancer that has spread to regional structures, such as the lymph nodes, is stage 3;
and cancer that has spread to distant sites, such as a liver cancer spreading to the lung
or a prostate cancer spreading to bone, is stage 4.
Question 10
2 / 2 pts
An infant has a loud, harsh, holosystolic murmur and systolic thrill that can be detected
at the left lower sternal border that radiates to the neck. These clinical findings are
consistent with which congenital heart defect? [Show Less]