NR 602 MIDTERM EXAM STUDY GUIDE- FOR REAL EXAM
1. Asthma – all levels of severity
What are s/s of asthma?
• Wheezing
Continuous/persistent
... [Show More] cough
Long expir. phase
Diminished breath sounds
Signs of resp. distress
Tachypnea
Retractions
Nasal flaring
Accessory muscles
Apprehension
Drowsiness
Tachycardia
Cyanosis of lips
How is asthma dx'd?
• O2 sat
PFT:
-Spirometry
-FEV1: normal >75%, mild 60-75%, mod 50-59%, severe <49%.
-FVC: normal 80-120%, mild 70-79%, mod 50-69%, severe <50%.
What are mild asthma s/s?
• Wheezing @ end of expiration or no wheezing
No/min intercostal retraction along post. axil. line
Slight prolongation of exp. phase
Normal aeration in all lung fields
Can talk in sentences
What are moderate asthma s/s?
• Wheezing throughout expiration
Intercostal retractions
Prolonged expiratory phase
Decreased breath sounds at base
What are severe asthma s/s?
• Use of accessory muscles plus lower rib/suprasternal retractions
Nasal flaring
Inspir/expir. wheezing or no wheezing heard w/poor air exchange
Blepharitis
What is blepharitis?
Inflammation/infection of the lid margins (chronic problem)
What are the two types of blepharitis?
• Seborrheic (non-ulcerative)
• Ulcerative
What can cause seborrheic blepharitis?
Irritants (smoke, makeup, chemicals)
What are s/s of seborrheic blepharitis?
• Chronic inflammation of eyelid
• Erythema
• Greasy scaling of anterior eyelid
• Loss of eyelashes
• Seborrheic dermatitis of eyebrows/scalp
What usually causes ulcerative blepharitis?
• Infection w/staph or strep
What are s/s of ulcerative blepharitis?
• Itching
• Tearing
• Recurrent styes
• Chalazia
• Photophobia
• Small ulceration at eyelid margin
• Broken/absent eyelashes
• Most frequent complaint: ongoing eye irritation, conjunctiva redness
What is the treatment for blepharitis?
• Clean w/baby shampoo 2-4 times/day
• Warm compresses
• Lid massage (right after warm massage)
How are infected eyelids with blepharitis treated?
• Antistaph abx: bacitracin, erythromycin 0.05% x1 wk and quinolone ointments
How is blepharitis infection resistant to topical abx treated?
• Tetracycline 250mg PO x4
• Doxy 100mg PO x2
Café au lait spot
What are cafe au lait spots?
• Smooth, regular borders of darkened patch
If a child has >5 cafe au lait spots that are >1.5cm, what should be suspected?
• Possible Von Recklinghausen's dz (90-100%)
LEOPARD syndrome:
-Lentigines
-Electrographic abnormalities
-Ocular hypertelorism
-Pulmonary stenosis [Show Less]