Know that in a 47-year-old man ED is usually ___________ rather than testosterone Correct Answerpsychologic
Erectile dysfunction may be from psychogenic
... [Show More] causes, especially if Correct Answer- early morning
erection is preserved.
it may also reflect decreased testosterone, decreased blood flow in the hypogastric arterial system,
impaired neural innervation, and diabetes
When performing a breast exam, know what abnormal masses should do when the arm Correct Answermay be fixed to skin or underlying tissues (may cause dimpling of skin or retraction when arms are lifted
over head or hands are pressed against hips)
Fibroadenoma and cysts mobility Correct Answer- very mobile/mobile
Know that a high proportion of breast masses are noted during ________ Correct Answer- BSE
Breast stage 1 Correct Answer- preadolescent- elevation of nipple only
Breast stage 2 Correct Answer- breast bud stage- elevation of breast and nipple as a small mound;
enlargement of areolar diameter
breast stage 3 Correct Answer- further enlargement of elevation of breast and areola, with no
separation of their contours
breast stage 4 Correct Answer- projection of areola and nipple to form a secondary mound above the
level of breast
breast stage 5 Correct Answer- mature stage- projection of nipple only; areola has receded to general
contour of the breast (although in some individuals the areola continues to form a secondary mound)
Know where pain is located with pancreatitis: acute Correct Answer- epigastric, may radiation straight to
the back of other areas of the abdomen; 20% with severe sequelae of organ failure
Know where pain is located with pancreatitis: chronic Correct Answer- epigastric, radiating to back
Know how hepatitis A is transmitted Correct Answer- Transmitted through fecal-oral route. Fecal
shedding followed by poor handwashing contaminates water and foods leading to infection of
household and sexual contacts
Stress incontinence Correct Answer- the urethral sphincter is weakened so that transient increases in
intra-abdominal pressure raise the bladder pressure to levels that exceed urethral resistance. Causes
include childbirth and surgery, postmenopausal atrophy of the mucosa, and urethral infection. May
follow prostate surgery in men.
urge incontinence Correct Answer- detrusor contractions are stronger than normal and overcome the
normal urethral resistance. The bladder is typically small. Mechanisms: Decreased cortical inhibition of
detrusor contractions from stroke, brain tumor, dementia, and lesions of the spinal cord above sacral
level. Also hyperexcitability of sensory pathways ie: bladder infections, tumors, and fecal impaction.
Deconditioning of voiding reflexes ie: frequent voluntary voiding at low bladder volumes [Show Less]