NR 507 Midterm: Chamberlin Uni exam
Glomerulonephritis -Correct ans--The glomerular-capillaries can trap blood-borne Ab &
Ag-Ab complexes
- Causes:
... [Show More] PRIMARY: infection, drugs, toxins, vascular disorders, ischemia, immunologic
responses, free radicals. SECONDARY: DM, CHF, HIV, Lupus
Triggering event (infection)- Ag-Ab complex formation & deposition in glomerulusActivation of complement system & WBC infiltration- Glomerular injury & leakageProteinuria/hematuria- edema, increase creat, azotemia, oliguria
OR
after glomerular injury & leakage- Coagulation cascade activation & FIbrin depositionDecreased capillary perfusion- decreased GFR- edema, increase creat, azotemia,
oliguria
S1 -Correct ans---Closing of mitral and tricuspid valve
- Beginning of systole
S2 -Correct ans--- Closure of the aortic and pulmonic valve
- End of systole
Valvular stenosis -Correct ans--the valve orifice is constricted and narrowed, impeding
the forward flow of blood and increasing the workload of the cardiac chamber proximal
to the diseased valve. Intraventricular or atrial pressure increases in the chamber to
overcome resistance to flow through the valve. Increased pressure causes the
myocardium to work harder, causing myocardial hypertrophy.
Aortic stenosis -Correct ans--- LV hypertrophy
- L heart failure
- Pulmonary edema
- Exertional dyspnea
-Syncope
-Angina pectoris
- Systolic murmur
Mitral Stenosis -Correct ans--- LA hypertrophy
-R ventricular failure
- Pulmonary edema
- Orthopnea
- Respiratory infections
- PH
-Edema
-Atypical chest pain
- Diastolic murmur
Stroke volume -Correct ans--The volume of blood ejected per bear during systole
Cor Pulmonale -Correct ans--right ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure due to
pulmonary hypertension
Cardiac output -Correct ans--HR x SV
-Normal= 5Lpm
-Preload, afterload, contractility, heart rate
Preload -Correct ans--The volume inside the ventricle at the end of diastole
Determined by:
- Amount of venous blood returning to the ventricle during diastole
- The amount of blood in the ventricle after systole
Afterload -Correct ans--The resistance to ejection of blood from the ventricle
total peripheral resistance (TPR)
Systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
Contractility -Correct ans--sympathetic nervous system, epi and norepi) + inotropes
Acetylcholine released from vagus nerve - inotrope
Cytokines released during sepsis impair contractility
O2 < 50% decreased contractility
Troponin -Correct ans--Relaxing protein
Troponin T- aids in binding the troponin complex to actin and tropomyosin
Troponin I- Inhibits the ATPhase of actomyosin [Show Less]