NR 449 Week 5 Discussion: Measurement Strategies: 49 Pages.
Give one example of a data collection method used in one of the studies identified in your
... [Show More] Unit 5 project. What variable was this method used to measure?
You may begin posting on Sunday, February 3rd, 2019 for credit.
The course outcomes for this week include the following:
2. Apply research principles to the interpretation of the content of published research studies.
4. Evaluate published nursing research for credibility & clinical significance related to evidence-based practice.
5. Recognize the role of research findings in evidence-based practice.
This week's discussion should help you to recognize how data are collected in research studies well as the variables being studied. Was the correct method utilized?
Please utilize the Threaded Discussion graded rubric as a guideline for posting to the discussions. These are the criteria you will be graded on which includes the use of citations & references according to current APA.
o
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For my research topic, I have chosen the utilization of CAHPS results. In the article titled Use of CAHPS patient experience survey data as part of a patient-centered medical home quality improvement initiative, researchers use what I believe is called an ordinal level of measurement. In their study, “there are three levels of NCQA PCMH recognition; each level reflects the degree to which a practice meets the requirements of the elements & factors that compose the st&ards” (Quigley, Mendel, Predmore, Chen & Hays, 2015). This would be considered an ordinal measurement because the researchers are using the data to do the following: comparing subjects & including percentiles in their observations (Chamberlain College of Nursing, 2018). The variables they look into including: race, adult versus pediatric, location (county), PCMH scores, extra services available & several others would be considered categorized data that may also be ordered or ranked (Chamberlain College of Nursing, 2018). This particular research study is utilizing information that was obtained from another source, therefore making the data that is presented considered secondary data.
References:
Chamberlain College of Nursing (2018, May 22). Week 5: Lesson – Data Collection Methods. Retrieved from https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/37412/pages/unit-5-lesson?module_item_id=4602989
Quigley, D., Mendel, P., Predmore, Z., Chen, A., & Hays, R. (2015). Use of CAHPS patient experience survey data as part of a patient-centered medical home quality improvement initiative. Journal of Healthcare Leadership, 2015, 41-54. (2015). Retrieved January 23, 2019.
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Hi Alex,
To clarify, the researchers from your study interviewed different employees at places where the PCMH scores are measured. So while you do see some numbers listed in the results, this is to provide some background info on the subjects.
The main part of your study was qualitative. As I mentioned in last week's webex, the researcher is the tool, & semi-structured interviews were conducted to obtain the data. Then they organized & coded the data, ultimately identifying seven different themes to show how "practice leaders used CG-CAHPS data for PCMH transformation" (Quigley, Mendel, Predmore, Chen & Hays, 2015).
Reference
Quigley, D., Mendel, P., Predmore, Z., Chen, A., & Hays, R. (2015). Use of CAHPS patient experience survey data as part of a patient-centered medical home quality improvement initiative. Journal of Healthcare Leadership, 2015, 41-54. (2015).
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Alex,
I forgot to mention that the Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, & Ratio apply to quantitative studies. I will be covering this in tomorrow's WebEx so be sure to view it for clarification on these concepts.
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Thank you for the clarification Professor Hobbs. I will definitely go back & watch & tune in tomorrow as well.
If I still have any questions is it okay to ask on this discussion?
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o
Karen Hobbs
Feb 7, 2019 Feb 7 at 3:30pm
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Sure thing! The idea is that we are all sharing & learning in this forum=) This is likely new information for everyone in the group & quite different from your typical nursing courses.
Ask away!
o
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Hello class,
This week I am focusing on the research article "Opioid Overdose Prevention in Family Medicine Clerkships." According to the abstract, the method used to obtain this data was a cross-sectional survey (Gano et al, 2019). Cross-sectional studies are considered to be observational & are not to be used to determine the cause of something (Cherry, 2018). The author of an article titled "What is a Cross-Sectional Study" explains that "this type of research can be used to describe characteristics that exist in a community, but do not determine cause-&-effect relationships between different variables" (Cherry, 2018). This study was focused on the perceived importance of opioid prevention education & the level of inclusion in the clerkship-level curriculum (Gano et al, 2019). Since all of the participants have something in common, as discussed in last week's lecture, the convenience sampling method was used. As we concluded last week, the convenience sampling method is the one that is the most common & most often used.
Since subjects are being compared, & analyzing the data can result in frequencies & percentiles, the level of measurement for this study is ordinal (Chamberlain College of Nursing, 2019). The data collected in the study can be categorized because the participants had to choose a response based on a scale ranging from not important, slightly important, important, to very important. When asked if opioid prevention education was included in their curriculum, participants had to choose either yes or no (Gano et al, 2019). Although this can compute percentiles, it also categorizes data into ranks, ranging the most selected responses to the least selected responses. The different variables that the researchers noted at the end of the study were: how many years the participants served as a clerkship director, the ethnicity of the participants, & gender of the participants.
References:
Chamberlain College of Nursing (2019). Week 5: Lesson - Data Collection Methods. Retrieved from https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/37412/pages/unit-5-lesson?module_item_id=4602989
Cherry, K. (2018, October 12). What Is a Cross-Sectional Study? Retrieved February 4, 2019, from https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-a-cross-sectional-study-2794978
Gano, L., Renshaw, S. E., Hern&ez, R. H., & Cronholm, P. F. (2018). Opioid Overdose Prevention in Family Medicine Clerkships: A CERA Study.Family Medicine, 50(9), 698–701. https://doi.org/10.22454/FamMed.2018.757385
Collapse SubdiscussionKaren Hobbs
Karen Hobbs
Feb 6, 2019 Feb 6 at 7:52pm
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Rachel,
To clarify, while the researchers did collect some demographic data in the study, these were not the variables being studied in the survey. Recall the purpose of the study was described as the following: "This study describes the presence of opioid overdose education at the national level & barriers to inclusion. It also discusses implementation strategies along with instructional methodology & learner evaluation. (Gano, Renshaw, Hern&ez, & Cronholm, 2018)".
Now, reflecting on the purpose of the research above, can you reflect back on previous lessons & WebEx where independent & dependent variables were covered & try to identify what they are for this study? I read the article & the authors actually identify them in the article=)
Reference
Gano, L., Renshaw, S. E., Hern&ez, R. H., & Cronholm, P. F. (2018). Opioid Overdose Prevention in Family Medicine Clerkships: A CERA Study.Family Medicine, 50(9), 698–701. https://doi.org/10.22454/FamMed.2018.757385 (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
Professor Hobbs
[email protected]
480.262.6748 MST
Edited by Karen Hobbs on Feb 6 at 7:53pm
Collapse SubdiscussionRachel Johnson
Rachel Johnson
Feb 7, 2019 Feb 7 at 4:27pm
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Hello professor,
Dependent variables are what the researchers are measuring. In this study, the researchers designed their survey questions around obtaining information about the following information: overdose prevention education & inclusion of overdose prevention education in medical school curriculum. Since this is exactly what the researchers are measuring, these are the dependent variables.
I think it was difficult for me to recognize the independent variables in this study because I was thinking that independent variables had to be something that the researchers altered in order to get a specific outcome. In experimental studies, there are usually more than one group, & the groups are manipulated & altered in order to note a change in the dependent variable, or outcome. Since this study is a non experimental study, the variables are not being manipulated in order to achieve a certain outcome (Chamberlain College of Nursing, 2019).
The study explains that "the independent variables were (1) instructional methods, (2) curricular content, (3) evaluation methodology, (4) barriers to overdose prevention curriculum implementation, & (5) barriers limiting naloxone education" (Gano et al, 2018). Although these independent variables are not being altered in order to achieve an outcome, the variables being measured still depend on their existence.
References:
Chamberlain College of Nursing (2019). Week 3: Lesson - Research Problems & Designs. Retrieved from https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/37412/pages/unit-3-lesson?module_item_id=4602935
Gano, L., Renshaw, S. E., Hern&ez, R. H., & Cronholm, P. F. (2018). Opioid Overdose Prevention in Family Medicine Clerkships: A CERA Study.Family Medicine, 50(9), 698–701. https://doi.org/10.22454/FamMed.2018.757385
Karen Hobbs
Karen Hobbs
Feb 8, 2019 Feb 8 at 6:03pm
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Rachel,
Beautiful! On your second look, you totally got it=) This was not an easy one, as you mentioned, things were not necessarily altered.
Nice job.
Professor Hobbs
Enajite Rowl& Mba
Enajite Rowl& Mba
Feb 11, 2019 Feb 11 at 12:16am
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Hello Rachel,
You have an interesting topic & research study. I just want to add that the level of measurement has variables that categorize data or may rank data collection while the level of measuring these variables are continuous data. (Chamberlain College of Nursing, 2018). The researcher can compare the subjects & analyze frequencies & percentiles of the data.
Chamberlain College of Nursing. (2018). Unit 5 lesson: Data collection methods. Retrieved from https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/31413/pages/unit-5-lesson?module_item_id=3806526
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Collapse SubdiscussionKristel Teotico
Kristel Teotico
Feb 5, 2019 Feb 5 at 8:42pm
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Hello everyone,
Multiple factors including the use of intuitive judgement & cognitive biases contribute to diagnostic errors. As I have mentioned from my previous posts, in order to improve diagnostic safety, it is imperative to recognize the factors that contribute to diagnostic errors. One of the ways the hospitals deal with these kind of problems is by conducting Mortality & morbidity rounds (MMR) conferences.The goal of these conferences is to provide an opportunity to carefully evaluate the errors that have occurred so that the careproviders can learn from it (Kravet, Howell, & Wright).
In this article, the participants who attended the MMR conferences were given in-person & online surveys to fill out. The surveys were just basically asking them if the conference was beneficial to them & if the topic selections were concise & suitable to their learning. The results of both surveys suggested that the MMR conferences adequately addressed relevant issues. In addition, the participants who elected to answer the surveys agreed that the MMR conferece is a helpful method for improving patient quality care. More importantly, it helped the participants determine which aspect of their care needs improvement (Kwok, Calder, Mackie, Seely, Adam, Worthington, Frank, & Jason, 2016).
This article used online & in-person surveys- a psychometric approach to collect & gather data. According to our book, the use of surveys is helpful in collecting information from the participants regarding their personal experiences, insights, & behaviors. Upon reading the book’s definitions for attribute variables, I would say that this article is more in line with the conceptual definition because it explains to the readers what MMR conference is for & the purpose of the surveys that were distributed (Houser, 2018).
References:
Houser, J. (2018). Nursing research: Reading, using & creating evidence (4th ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett.
Kravet, S. J., Howell, E., & Wright, S. M. (2006). Morbidity & mortality conference, gr& rounds, & the ACGME's core competencies. Journal of general internal medicine, 21(11), 1192-4.
Kwok, Edmund & Calder, Lisa & Barlow-Krelina, Emily & MacKie, Craig & Seely, &rew & Adam Cwinn, A & R Worthington, James & Frank, Jason. (2016). Implementation of a structured hospital-wide morbidity & mortality rounds model. BMJ Quality & Safety. 26. bmjqs-2016. 10.1136/bmjqs-2016-005459.
Collapse SubdiscussionKaren Hobbs
Karen Hobbs
Feb 6, 2019 Feb 6 at 8:44pm
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Kristel,
Regarding the variables with the study you discussed, the study utilized before & after measures so there are dependent & independent variables being studied. Based on prior lessons & WebEx recordings, can you identify what those are?
Professor Hobbs
[email protected]
480.262.6748 MST
Collapse SubdiscussionKristel Teotico
Kristel Teotico
Feb 9, 2019 Feb 9 at 7:29pm
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Hi professor,
The purpose of the study was to determine if the MMR conferences were beneficial to the participants with regards to their individual practices. Therefore, the MMR conference is the independent variable & the participants are the dependent variables. The researchers can directly alter the mmr conference & see how it affects or how it benefits the participants.
Christian Holman
Christian Holman
Feb 10, 2019 Feb 10 at 12:39am
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Hey Kristel!
Nursing research can have so many variables! Since we are depending on the participants in this study it is so important that we ensure high quality data collection is being done! The conclusion & the overall research read can be significantly different based from that data. Even if we try our best in gathering data there is always a chance too that it isn't trusted. According to our book enhancing the trustworthiness of qualitative studies can happen for example by an audit trail. This "suggests that decisions & design processes were systematically recorded & supports the confirmability of the study" (Houser, 2018). Great post on the variables in a study!
Houser, J. (2018). Nursing Research: Reading, using, & creating Evidence (4th ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
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Collapse SubdiscussionKaren Hobbs
Karen Hobbs
Feb 4, 2019 Feb 4 at 8:11pm
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Class,
Recall the example article I had shared with you previously. The researchers used a pre-post assessment design in their study to determine if the EBP course taught resulted in a change in the perceptions of & confidence in research & EBP as well as to see if the course increased students’ interest in EBP (Keib, Cailor, Kiersma, & Chen, 2017).
The data collection method used was a survey known as the Confidence in Research & EBP survey, which was created by the researchers since no other survey of its kind existed (Keib, Cailor, Kiersma, & Chen, 2017). The researchers had other faculty & students review the survey for content validity. Aside from the demographic items, the survey used a Likert-type scale with 1= not at all confident & 5= extremely confident (Keib, Cailor, Kiersma, & Chen, 2017). Thus, the variable being measured was the students’ level of confidence with research & EBP.
I am once again attaching the article, which I highlighted, so you can follow along & use this as an example for your discussion post.
Reference
Keib, C.N., Cailor, S.M, Kiersma, M.E., & Chen, A.M.H. (2017). Changes in nursing students’ perceptions of research & evidence-based practice after completing a research course. Nursing Education Today, 54, pp. 37-43. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S026069171730076X?via%3Dihub (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
Professor Hobbs
[email protected]
480.262.6748 MST
Nursing Education EBP Article Highlighted.pdf
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Collapse SubdiscussionOluwafunsho Agbi
Oluwafunsho Agbi
Feb 4, 2019 Feb 4 at 11:15pm
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Hello Professor, & the Class,
This week am concentrating on the research article "Impact of smoking on perioperative outcomes after major surgery." This database illustrate an efficient or recovery process that follows immediately after a patient is been discharged. If we look into the society today, we can relate that some patient tends not to follow instructions after surgery or tends not to be compliant to medications or abstinence from drug use or smoking. The ACS- NSQIP database contains risk adjusted surgical patient data from member hospitals to facilitate the assessment of perioperative outcome measures following surgery(Schmid et. al, 2015).
The ACS- NSQIP database serves as a guide to differentiate & compare nonsmokers, former smokers & current smokers. This database emphasized & gathered information that concludes the risk between the three groups. It elaborated that current smokers are more likely to experience complications with their cardiovascular system. In regards to former smokers, it stated that they are less likely to experience any issues that might be related to current smokers. Nonsmokers are generally considered the most healthiest among the three group. This group are encouraged to keep up their nonsmoking status. Smoking is a leading preventable cause of morbidity & mortality after surgery(Schmid et. al, 2015). With the collection of this data, it is easier for the health organization to utilize the ACS- NSQIP database to document patients charts & also attach vital informations of the patient. To have value, they must be clearly linked to the research question, appropriate to represent the variable of interest, & consistently accurate(Houser, 2018).
In conclusion, the only issue with former & current smokers is dependent. They tend to get addicted & might not be compliant to the instructions given to them after surgery. This might pose a health hazard on them & might have a negative impact on their cardiovascular system. Therefore, to regulate this dilemma, it is appropriate to enlighten them before & after surgery.
References
Houser, J.(2018).Nursing Research: Reading, Using & Creating Evidence. [VitalSource]. Retrieved from https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781284138887/.
Schmid, M., Sood, A., Campbell, L., Kapoor, V., Dalela, D., Klett, D. E., … Trinh, Q.-D. (2015). Impact of smoking on perioperative outcomes after major surgery. American Journal Of Surgery, 210(2), 221–229.e6. https://doi-org.chamberlainuniversity.idm.oclc.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2014.12.045.
Karen Hobbs
Karen Hobbs
Feb 7, 2019 Feb 7 at 3:50pm
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Oluwafunsho,
You are correct that the database was where the researchers got the information! I see that you also identified the dependent variable as the smoking status, which is also correct. Can you clarify what the independent variable was from the study you shared?
Professor Hobbs
[email protected]
480.262.6748 MST
Collapse SubdiscussionOluwafunsho Agbi
Oluwafunsho Agbi
Feb 7, 2019 Feb 7 at 11:18pm
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Hello Professor,
Thank you for your response, from my underst&ing, the independent variable here are the nonsmokers. They are not only considered healthy person but also do not need to depend on the reliance of smoking for their day to day activities.
Furthermore, smoking has a very dangerous effect of people after surgery therefore, nonsmokers tends to worry less about any cardiovascular diseases or pulmonary issues that might arise from smoking.
Collapse SubdiscussionKaren Hobbs
Karen Hobbs
Feb 8, 2019 Feb 8 at 6:10pm
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Actually, Oluwafunsho I misspoke on my previous post. What I meant to say, & to clarify for everyone, is that the independent variables are the smoking statuses of the participants, whether that status be current, former, or non-smoker. The dependent variable is the incidence of complications postoperatively. My apologies!
So once again to clarify & present this as a statement:
The incidence of post-operative complications is dependent upon the smoking status of the participants. In other words, there is a correlation between smoking & post-op outcomes. Hope that makes sense. Let me know if you have any questions about that.
Karen
Oluwafunsho Agbi
Oluwafunsho Agbi
Feb 9, 2019 Feb 9 at 11:40am
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Hello Professor,
Thank you so much for the explanation about the independent variable, I know have a concrete underst&ing about it.
o
Collapse SubdiscussionChona Balingit
Chona Balingit
Feb 6, 2019 Feb 6 at 10:49pm
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As mentioned in my previous posts, this study was to examine the patients' views of the dialysis initiation process & the relationship between patient engagement & treatment satisfaction.
The researchers used semi-structured in-depth interviews. A structured questionnaire was used in the interview that was developed by the researchers. The questionnaire was organized in an open-ended question. Trained interviewers conducted a private face-to-face interview [Show Less]