NR 222-Health and Wellness-Exam 1|58 Questions with Answers
Nursing process (ADPIE) - CORRECT ANSWER
... [Show More] assessment
diagnosis
planning
implementation
evaluation
A-assessment - CORRECT ANSWER -Collect data about patient's physical, psychological, social, cultural, developmental, and spiritual needs from patient, family, diagnostic tests, medical record, nursing history, and literature
D-diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER -Identify appropriate nursing diagnoses based on assessment findings
P-planning - CORRECT ANSWER -Develop an individualized care plan. Set diagnosis priorities based on patient's immediate needs, expected outcomes, and patient-centered goals. Collaborate with patient on care plan
I-implementation - CORRECT ANSWER -Perform nursing care therapies. Include patient as active participant in care. Involve family/significant other in care as appropriate
E-evaluation - CORRECT ANSWER -Identify success in meeting desired outcomes and goals of nursing care. Alter interventions as indicated when goals are not met
Evidence based practice - CORRECT ANSWER -when nurses or other clinicians use research findings and the best evidence possible to make decisions
-is defined as the conscientious ,explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual
-means integrating individual clinical expertise from systemic research
Health education components (3) - CORRECT ANSWER 1. involves the use of teaching-learning strategies
2.learners maintain voluntary control over the decision to make changes in their actions
3.focuses on behavior changes that have been found to improve health status
Level of prevention (3) - CORRECT ANSWER Primary
secondary
tertiary
Primary prevention - CORRECT ANSWER -precedes disease/dysfunction
*interventions
--health promotion(ex:health edu about risk factors for heart disease)
--health protection( ex:immunizations, reducing exposure to carcinogens,occupational hazards)
Purpose-to decrease vulnerability of the individual/pop to disease/dysfunction
focus-maintain/improve general/individual/family/community health
Passive-not personally involved (public health efforts-clean water/sewer)
Active-personally involved-lifestyle changes
Secondary prevention - CORRECT ANSWER -ranges from providing screening activities and treating early stages of disease to limiting disability by averting or delaying the consequences of advanced disease
Goal- identify individuals in early,detectable stages of disease
-treating early stages of disease
-limiting disability
-interventions similar to primary but applied to individuals / populations with disease
Tertiary prevention - CORRECT ANSWER -occurs when a defect or disability is permanent and irreversible
-involves minimizing the effects of disease and disability by surveillance and maintenance activities aimed at preventing complications and deterioration
-focuses on rehabilitation to help people attain and retain an optimal level of functioning regardless of their disabling condition
Objective- is to return the affected individual to a useful place in society , maximize remaing capacities or both
Transtheoretical model of change (TTM) - CORRECT ANSWER -is useful for determining where a person is in relation to making a behavior chanage;readiness for change
-is useful in determining the persons readiness for learning in relation to changing behavior so that health education or behavior change interventions can be matched to the stage
-self efficacy is a key construct in this model
6 stages
6 stages of TTM - CORRECT ANSWER 1.Pre contemplation
2.Contemplation
3.Planning/prep
4.Action
5.Maintenance
6.Relapse
Pre contemplation - CORRECT ANSWER -the person is NOT thinking about or considering quiting or adapting a behavior change within the next 6 months (not intending to make changes)
Contemplation - CORRECT ANSWER -the person is seriously considering making a specific behavior change within the next 6 months (considering change)
Planning/prep - CORRECT ANSWER -the person who has made a behavior change is seriously thinking about making a change within the next month (making small or sporadic changes)
Action - CORRECT ANSWER -the person has made a behavior change and it has persisted for a period of 6 months (actively engaged in behavior change)
Maintenance - CORRECT ANSWER -the period beginning 6 months after action has started and continuing indefinitely (sustaining the change over time)
Relapse - CORRECT ANSWER -going back to old habits
Models of health (4) - CORRECT ANSWER 1. clinical model
2. role performance model
3. adaptive model
4.eudaimonistic model
Clinical model - CORRECT ANSWER -health is defined by the absence and illness by conspicious presence of signs and symptoms of disease
-people may not seek preventative health services or they may wait until they are very ill to seek care
-absence of disease ,prevention not emphasized
role performance model - CORRECT ANSWER -defines health in terms of individuals ability to perform social roles
-role performance includes work,family , social roles with performance based on societal expectations
-model is basis for occupational health evaluations, school physicals, physician excused absences
adaptive model - CORRECT ANSWER -peoples ability to adjust (+) to social, mental and physiological change in the measure of their health
-illness occurs if person fails to adapt
eudaimonistic model - CORRECT ANSWER -exuberant well being indicates optimal health
-emphasizes the interactions b/w physical, social, psychological and spiritual aspects of life and the environment that contribute to goal attainment and create meaning
-illness reflected by lack of involvement in life
Definition of Health - CORRECT ANSWER -more than an absence of disease
-ability to fulfill roles
-adaption and rxn to environment
-is a state of being that people define in relation to their own values, personality and lifestyle
WHO definition of health - CORRECT ANSWER -state of complete, physical, metal, and social well being not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Definition of Illness - CORRECT ANSWER -is composed of the subjective experience of the individual and the physical manifestation of the disease
-can be described as a responsise characterized by a mismatch b/w a persons needs and the resources available to meet those needs
*subjective experience of individual and physical manifestation of disease
Healthy people 2020 - CORRECT ANSWER -was a call to action and an attempt to set health goal for US for the next 10 years
-national guidelines to promote health
-->define national emphasis for health promotion and disease prevention efforts
*4 overeaching goals
1. attain high quality,longer lives, free of preventable disease , disability ,injury and pre mature death
2.achieve healthy equity ,eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups
3. create social and physical environment that promotes good health for all
4. promote quality of life , healthy development and health behaviors across all life stages
Definition of health education - CORRECT ANSWER -is a vital component in promoting individual and community health
-involves not only providing relevant info but also facilitating health related behavior change
*is any combination of planned learning ,experiences based on sound theories that provide individuals, groups and communities with the opportunity to aquire the info and skills needed to make quality health decisions
Health care models - CORRECT ANSWER 1.health belief model
2.health promotion model
3.basic human needs model
4.holistic health model
health belief model - CORRECT ANSWER -addresses the relationship between the persons beliefs and behaviors
-helps understand factors influencing patients perceptions,beliefs and behavior to plan care that will be most effective
3 componenets
-perception of illness
-seriousness of illness
-likelyhood the person will take preventative actions
health promotion model - CORRECT ANSWER -directed at increasing a patients level of well being
-complimentary counterpart to models of health protection
Focuses on 3 areas
-individual characteristics and experiences
-behavior specific knowledge and effect
-behavioral outcomes
basic human needs model - CORRECT ANSWER -attempts to meet the patients basic needs
holistic health model - CORRECT ANSWER -attempts to create conditions that promote optimal health
-patients are involved in their healing process
Gordons functional health patterns - CORRECT ANSWER -provides a context for collecting data that provide info about the entire person and most life processes
-nurses can accurately determine and diagnose actual/potential problems ,intervene more effectively and facilitate movement towards outcomes to promote health and well being
-provides strong focus for more effective nursing interventions and outcomes
11 functional health patterns
Gordon's 11 functional health patterns - CORRECT ANSWER 1. health perception/health managment
2.nutritional/metabolic (food/fluid concumption/weight/condition of mouth)
3. elimination (extretory function- bowl /bladder/skin)
4.activities/exercise (ADL's,pulse,BP,lessiure,recreation)
5.sleep/rest (too much/too little)
6.cognitive perception (level of consciencous,alertness,orientation)
7. self perception (appearance, body language,eye contact)
8. role relationship (who you live with, support system,employment status)
9. sexual representation (prostate / pap)
10. coping stress (coping/effectness)
11. values/beliefs (religion)
Goal of educating others - CORRECT ANSWER -to achieve the optimal levels of health
Domains of learning (3) - CORRECT ANSWER -cognitive
-psychomotor
-affective
cognitive domain - CORRECT ANSWER -refers to the development of new facts and concepts and building on or applying knowledge to new situations
psychomotor domain - CORRECT ANSWER -envolves developing physical skills from simple to complex actions
affective domain - CORRECT ANSWER -alludes to the recognition of values ,religious and spiritual beliefs, family interation pattern and relationships and personal attitudes that affect decision and problem solving process
Social marketing - CORRECT ANSWER -defined as the application of commercial marketing technologies to the analysis, planning, execution and evaluation of programs designed to influence to volunatry behavior of target audiences in order to improve their personal welfare and that of their society
Primary objective- is to change behavior
*key attributes
1. offering of benefits
2. the reduction of barriers to influence target groups behavior
-consumer oriented
-culturally sensitive
-info about target pop can improve development of effective educational interventions
variables/risk factors - CORRECT ANSWER -variables influence how a person thinks and acts
-health beliefs and practices are influenced by internal and external variables and should be considered when planning care
internal/external variables - CORRECT ANSWER internal- includes a persons development stage, intelectual background, perception of functioning and emotional/spiritual factors
external- influencing a persons health beliefs and practices include family practices, socioeconomic factors and cultural background
risk factors include: (4) - CORRECT ANSWER genetic and physiological factors
age
environment
life style
genetic and physiological factors - CORRECT ANSWER -physical functioning of body
-pregnant/overweight/stress,heredity,age,physical env, and lifestyle
age - CORRECT ANSWER -effects persons suseptibility to certain illness
-infants more suseptible to infections
-older ppl,cancers and heart disease
-family history/personal habits
environment - CORRECT ANSWER -where we live/conditions
-air,water, soil
-what we eat, ability to adapt, physical environment (work place, where u live) polluted? by factories?
life style - CORRECT ANSWER -activites/habits/ practices
-lifestyle choices
ex: sunbathing, poor diet, smoking, overweight
Nursing roles (7) - CORRECT ANSWER advocate
care manager
consultant
deliverer of services
educator
healer
researcher
advocate - CORRECT ANSWER -nurse makes sure that all people receive high quality ,appropriate , safe ,cost effective care
-want the best for patient
care manager - CORRECT ANSWER -prevent duplication services ,maintain quality, safety, and reduce cost
-help individual avoid care that is ineffective ,unproven or unsafe
consultant - CORRECT ANSWER -provide knowledge about health promotion and disease prevention to individuals and groups
deliverer of services - CORRECT ANSWER -delivery of direct services such as health education ,flu shots, counceling and health promotion
-visible ,direct delivery=foundation of public image of nursing
educator - CORRECT ANSWER -primary prevention technique
-help with lack of application
healer - CORRECT ANSWER -helps individuals integrate and balance peoples lives
-helps person develop own capacity to heal
researcher - CORRECT ANSWER -researching to deliver best care
-evidence based practice [Show Less]