NCE/LPC Exam Study Guide
Ego's need for immediate gratification. Correct Answer: Pleasure Principle
The cause or ____________of abnormal behavior
... [Show More] is difficult to determine in most cases. Correct Answer: Etiology
An individual who is happy,autonomous, & creative has reached ______________. Correct Answer: Self-actualization
This is necessary from parents for children to develop healthy concepts. (Rogers) Correct Answer: Unconditional Positive Regard
Accomplished by rewarding success of desired behavior. Correct Answer: Shaping
Learning method involving the conditioning of new stimuli to existing responses. Correct Answer: Classical Conditioning
A behavior modification used to establish new behavior. Correct Answer: reinforcement
The designations "common," "personal," & "cardinal" refer to ______________. Correct Answer: Trait Theory
Individuals are in an interactional relationship with their environment. Correct Answer: contextual worldview
Freud believed human behavior is mainly motivated by the psychosexual energy called __________. Correct Answer: libido
Relearning by using a particular stimulus to establish a new, more adaptive response Correct Answer: counter conditioning
Idea that there are many different ways to interpret events, each one leading to different behaviors. Correct Answer: Kelly's concept of Constructive Alternativism
A severe psychological disorder involving loss of contact with reality. Correct Answer: Psychosis
Process of development and body change resulting from heredity rather than learning. Correct Answer: Maturation
Vicarious conditioning occurs through observed________. Correct Answer: modeling
The unpleasantness of _________motivates individuals to avoid or reduce inconsistencies in cognitive structure. Correct Answer: cognitive dissonance
Used by individuals to maintain feelings of adequacy and self-worth rather than coping directly with a stressful situation. Correct Answer: defense mechanisms
Used to help reduce anxiety experienced by an agoraphobic client. Correct Answer: systematic desensitization
Skinner believes the social environment provides a variety of __________to help shape human behavior. Correct Answer: consequences
Patterns of ____________that may be organic, psychological, or sociocultural in origin. Correct Answer: abnormal behavior
The tendency toward subjective functioning, with the self being of greatest importance. Correct Answer: Jung's theory of Introversion
Behavior modification programs in schools/group homes used to motivate participants. Correct Answer: token economy
This approach to human functioning stresses the importance of each individual's perception of reality. Correct Answer: Phenomenological
Emphasizes the importance of genetic and physical contributors to maladaptive behavior. Correct Answer: biological viewpoint
Use of family constellation Correct Answer: Adler
traits and values Correct Answer: Allport
vicarious conditioning Correct Answer: Bandura
16 Personality Factor Questionairre Correct Answer: Cattell
stage theory of development Correct Answer: Erikson
Cognitive dissonance Correct Answer: Festinger
id, ego, superego Correct Answer: Freud
introversion-extroversion Correct Answer: Jung
cognitive meaning making Correct Answer: Kegan
Role Construct Repertory Test Correct Answer: Kelly
Justice Reasoning & Moral development Correct Answer: Kohlberg
Life Space Correct Answer: Lewin
seven-stage ego development Correct Answer: Loevinger
Self-actualization Correct Answer: Maslow
Thematic apperception test Correct Answer: Murray
Russian Psychologist Correct Answer: Pavlov
dualism, relativism, & commitment Correct Answer: Perry
original child psychologist Correct Answer: Piaget
actualizing tendency Correct Answer: Rogers
principle of reinforcement Correct Answer: Skinner
interpersonal personality theory Correct Answer: Sullivan
stimulus-response-consequence Correct Answer: Thorndike
father of American behaviorism Correct Answer: Watson
systematic desensitization Correct Answer: Wolpe
The main factor in defining a minority. Correct Answer: Oppression
In order to better serve Hispanic American clients, counselors should be__________& _____________. Correct Answer: bilingual and bicultural
Counselors who do not resolve their own__________will undermine their own work with minority clients. Correct Answer: prejudice
The "Superwoman Syndrome" is an exampe of ______. Correct Answer: role strain
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