National USPAP Course Exam 172 Questions with Answers
The Appraisal Foundation has the authority to enforce the requirements of USPAP. - CORRECT ANSWER
... [Show More] False
Currently, the boards within the Appraisal Foundation include: - CORRECT ANSWER Appraisal Standards Board, Appraisal Qualifications Board, Board of Trustees
Which Foundation board is responsible for USPAP? - CORRECT ANSWER Appraisal Standards Board
Qualification criteria for appraiser certification and recertification are disseminated to state appraisal boards by the: - CORRECT ANSWER Appraisal Qualifications Board
Which entity is responsible for establishing education and experience requirements for licensing and certification of appraisers? - CORRECT ANSWER Appraisal Qualifications Board
Which entity appoints members of the AQB and ASB? - CORRECT ANSWER Board of Trustees
USPAP is written, amended, and interpreted by the: - CORRECT ANSWER Appraisal Standards Board
Advisory Opinions are best described as: - CORRECT ANSWER not part of USPAP, but included as reference material
Who is responsible for issuing credentials to individual appraisers? - CORRECT ANSWER State appraisal regulatory agencies
Which entity maintains the official National Registry of state-certified and licensed appraisers? - CORRECT ANSWER Appraisal Subcommittee (ASC)
Which is NOT a responsibility of the Appraisal Subcommittee (ASC)? - CORRECT ANSWER writing, interpreting and amending USPAP
USPAP is enforced by: - CORRECT ANSWER state appraiser licensing/certification agencies
Which part of USPAP establishes the requirements for workfile content for an appraisal or appraisal review assignment? - CORRECT ANSWER Record Keeping Rule
Why are USPAP Advisory Opinions issued? - CORRECT ANSWER to offer advice
Which of these is considered an integral part of USPAP and has the same weight as the components they address? - CORRECT ANSWER comments
The first step in the appraisal process is: - CORRECT ANSWER identify the problem
In USPAP, the appraisal process is divided into two distinct types of activity: _________ and __________. - CORRECT ANSWER development, reporting
Which step in the appraisal process involves communication of the appraiser's opinions and conclusions? - CORRECT ANSWER reporting
The PREAMBLE states that USPAP intended to benefit: - CORRECT ANSWER appraisers and users of appraisal services
When obligated by law or regulation, an appraiser _______ comply with USPAP. - CORRECT ANSWER must
What is the stated purpose of USPAP? - CORRECT ANSWER Promote and maintain a high level of public trust in appraisal practice
To which property types does USPAP apply? - CORRECT ANSWER Both tangible and intangible property
An appraiser has the professional responsibility to identify the capacity in which he or she is performing. - CORRECT ANSWER true
The requirement for USPAP compliance in an appraisal assignment could be the result of - CORRECT ANSWER law or regulation, voluntary choice by the appraiser, or agreement with the client
A valuation service that is premised upon advocacy: - CORRECT ANSWER cannot be performed by an individual acting as an appraiser
When performing valuation services outside of appraisal practice, an individual must be careful not to __________ the client and other intended users about his or her role. - CORRECT ANSWER mislead
USPAP states that in a situation when an individual is not required by law, regulation, or agreement to comply with USPAP: - CORRECT ANSWER the individual should still comply when he or she is acting as an appraiser
A preference or inclination that precludes an appraiser's impartiality, independence, or objectivity is: - CORRECT ANSWER bias
If an appraiser assumes a condition to be true, and evidence supports that belief, although that fact is not certain, this is an example of: - CORRECT ANSWER an extraordinary assumption
If an appraiser assumes a condition to be true that does not exist for the purposes of analysis, this is an example of: - CORRECT ANSWER hypothetical condition
By using a published cost manual, an appraiser determines that the construction cost of a 2,500 square foot dwelling is $400,000. This figure represents the dwelling's: - CORRECT ANSWER cost
"The monetary relationship between properties and those who buy, sell or use those properties" is the definition of: - CORRECT ANSWER value
An appraiser receives a copy of a signed sales agreement for an office building, which specifies the agreed-upon amount of $950,000. What does this figure represent? - CORRECT ANSWER price
An appraiser performs an appraisal assignment and develops an opinion of value. This value opinion is - CORRECT ANSWER an assignment result
It is permissible for an appraiser to be engaged in an assignment by an agent, who is acting on behalf of the client. - CORRECT ANSWER true
According to USPAP, the party or parties who engage an appraiser in a specific assignment defines the: - CORRECT ANSWER client
Who is responsible for making the identification of the intended use in an assignment? - CORRECT ANSWER the appraiser
An intended user is: - CORRECT ANSWER A party who is identified by the appraiser based on communication with the client at the time of the assignment
Which is the broader category of services? - CORRECT ANSWER valuation services
A workfile must be maintained for: - CORRECT ANSWER appraisal and appraisal review assignments only
Appraisal practice includes only: - CORRECT ANSWER valuation services provided by an individual acting as an appraiser
A real estate broker completes a Comparative Market Analysis (CMA) on a property that she wants to list for sale. What would this be considered? - CORRECT ANSWER a valuation service
An appraiser is permitted to be biased when performing an appraisal, as long as the bias is properly disclosed. - CORRECT ANSWER false
"The type and extent of research and analyses in an appraisal or appraisal review assignment" is the definition of ___________. - CORRECT ANSWER scope of work
In USPAP, each Standard is composed of: - CORRECT ANSWER standards rules
The ethical obligations of USPAP apply to: - CORRECT ANSWER Individual appraisers only
In appraisal practice, advocating the cause or interest of any party or issue is: - CORRECT ANSWER not permitted
An appraiser must disclose any service he or she provided regarding the subject property for a period of _________ prior to agreeing to perform the assignment. - CORRECT ANSWER 3 years
An appraiser is disclosing to a client the fact that she had previously appraised the subject property within the prior three years. When making this disclosure, the appraiser must be careful to: - CORRECT ANSWER not disclose confidential information from the previous assignment
An appraiser has been asked to complete an appraisal assignment. The fee is to be paid only if the loan closes. According to USPAP, may the appraiser accept the assignment under these conditions? - CORRECT ANSWER No, the fee arrangement is an unethical contingency arrangement and violates the Ethics Rule
In a real property appraisal assignment prepared for a mortgage lender, an appraiser is permitted by USPAP to base his compensation for an appraisal assignment on: - CORRECT ANSWER whether or not the report is transmitted to the client by the due date
In most cases, an appraiser may share __________ from an appraisal assignment with other appraisers without obtaining the client's consent. - CORRECT ANSWER physical characteristics
The Confidentiality section of the ETHICS RULE prohibits an appraiser from disclosing confidential information or _________ to unauthorized parties. - CORRECT ANSWER assignment results
An appraiser concludes that a subject property has functional inadequacies. This conclusion is: - CORRECT ANSWER an assignment result and must be treated as confidential
An appraiser prepared an appraisal report in April 2019. He testified in court regarding the value of the property in January 2020. The decision was rendered in February 2020 and was appealed in April 2020. The appellate court heard the case in January 2021 and remanded the case for reconsideration by the lower court. Final disposition of the case occurred in September 2021. At a minimum, how long must the appraiser retain his workfile? - CORRECT ANSWER April 2024
An appraiser completes an appraisal and transmits the report to the client. The report copy retained in the appraiser's workfile does not have a signature affixed to it. Is this permissible under USPAP? - CORRECT ANSWER No, a true copy must include a signature
Is an appraiser permitted by USPAP to create a workfile after transmitting the report to the client? - CORRECT ANSWER No
Which statement best describes the word "competency" as it relates to appraisal practice? - CORRECT ANSWER It is fundamental to the definition of "appraiser"
In order to perform an assignment for which an appraiser initially lacks the knowledge and experience to complete competently, the appraiser must: - CORRECT ANSWER disclose to the client, prior to agreeing to perform the assignment, the lack of knowledge or experience
Three appraisers work together on an appraisal assignment. What would NOT be an appropriate workfile arrangement under USPAP? - CORRECT ANSWER the workfile is posted on the internet, so that anyone who wants to see it will be able to access it
The requirement to create and maintain a workfile for an appraisal or appraisal review assignment applies to: - CORRECT ANSWER all appraisers, regardless of credential level
The credibility of assignment results is measured in the context of: - CORRECT ANSWER the intended use
In order to determine the appropriate scope of work, the appraiser must ________ the problem to be solved. - CORRECT ANSWER identify
Appraisers have broad _________ and significant _________ in determining the appropriate scope of work in an assignment. - CORRECT ANSWER flexibility, responsibilities
Examples of assignment conditions include: - CORRECT ANSWER hypothetical conditions, extraordinary assumptions, and laws and regulations
Intended use is: - CORRECT ANSWER Identified by the appraiser on the basis of communication with the client
Identification of the intended use of an appraiser's opinions and conclusions is: - CORRECT ANSWER necessary for determining the appropriate scope of work
In an appraisal or appraisal review assignment, the scope of work is an ___________ process. - CORRECT ANSWER ongoing
The responsibility for determining an appropriate scope of work rests with the: - CORRECT ANSWER appraiser
An appraiser's report must contain ____________ to allow intended users to understand the scope of work performed. - CORRECT ANSWER sufficient information
An appraiser must not allow client objectives to cause the assignment results to be _________. - CORRECT ANSWER biased
If a client's objectives result in an appraiser developing biased assignment results: - CORRECT ANSWER the appraiser is solely responsible
The SCOPE OF WORK RULE provides appraisers with significant flexibility. Along with that flexibility comes: - CORRECT ANSWER responsibility
An appraiser is engaged to appraise a single-unit dwelling. Upon inspection of the property, the appraiser realizes it is a three-unit dwelling. The appraiser's best course of action is: - CORRECT ANSWER reconsider the scope of work before proceeding
An appraiser's peers are defined as other appraisers who: - CORRECT ANSWER have expertise and competency in a similar type of assignment
In reporting the scope of work in an appraisal or appraisal review report: - CORRECT ANSWER the report must contain sufficient information so that intended users understand the scope of work
If an assignment involves a jurisdictional exception, what must an appraiser do? - CORRECT ANSWER Identify the law, comply with the law, disclose in the report the part of USPAP that is voided, and cite in the report the law that caused the jurisdictional exception
What is the purpose of the JURISDICTIONAL EXCEPTION RULE? - CORRECT ANSWER To provide a saving or severability clause to preserve the balance of USPAP
If USPAP compliance is mandated by federal law, no state or local law can create a jurisdictional exception. - CORRECT ANSWER true
When a law or regulation precludes compliance with any part of USPAP, appraisers must: - CORRECT ANSWER comply with that law or regulation
The use of the JURISDICTIONAL EXCEPTION RULE in an assignment is a matter of choice by an appraiser. - CORRECT ANSWER false
As used in the JURISDICTIONAL EXCEPTION RULE, the term "law" includes ____________. - CORRECT ANSWER legislative laws, administrative rules and ordinances, and court-made laws
Is it permissible to use instructions from an attorney as a basis for a jurisdictional exception? - CORRECT ANSWER no
When does a jurisdictional exception occur in an assignment? - CORRECT ANSWER it is automatic when a law precludes compliance with a part of USPAP
A state passes a law requiring appraisers to keep their workfiles for 10 years after preparation. Is this a jurisdictional exception under USPAP? - CORRECT ANSWER no
Which of these would be considered an example of a jurisdictional exception in an appraisal assignment? - CORRECT ANSWER A probate court paying appraisers based on the value of the subject property
The requirements of STANDARD 1 can be used as a checklist by an appraiser who is developing a real property appraisal. - CORRECT ANSWER true
What is false regarding Standard 1? - CORRECT ANSWER it covers real and personal property development
An appraiser's client wishes to remain anonymous, and asks the appraiser not to include client's identity in an appraisal report. What should the appraiser do? - CORRECT ANSWER Omit the client's identity from the report but document the client's identity in the workfile
If a mortgage borrower receives a copy of an appraisal report from a mortgage lender as a result of disclosure requirements: - CORRECT ANSWER this does not make the borrower an intended user
When does a series of minor errors potentially result in a USPAP violation? - CORRECT ANSWER When the series of errors affects the credibility of the results
Exposure time is: - CORRECT ANSWER an opinion developed by an appraiser
What is true regarding exposure time? - CORRECT ANSWER It is always assumed to precede the effective date of the appraisal.
When appraising a property with proposed improvements, what type of value opinion is permitted by USPAP? - CORRECT ANSWER both current and prospective values
An example of a relevant property characteristic that could affect a real property appraisal assignment would be: - CORRECT ANSWER The fact that the subject property is affected by an easement
What is the primary purpose of an appraiser making an inspection of the subject property? - CORRECT ANSWER To collect information about characteristics that are relevant to value
When an appraiser provides a current value opinion on a proposed new building, he or she is utilizing a(an) _____________ that the proposed improvements are completed as of the effective date of the appraisal. - CORRECT ANSWER hypothetical condition
An extraordinary assumption may be used in an assignment only if: - CORRECT ANSWER required to develop credible results
An unacceptable assignment condition would be a condition that: - CORRECT ANSWER Limits report content, resulting in a misleading report, Limits the scope of work to the extent that the value opinion is not credible, and precludes an appraiser's impartiality
When developing a sales comparison approach under USPAP: - CORRECT ANSWER the appraiser must analyze such data as are available to indicate a value conclusion
Which statement is TRUE regarding USPAP and the three approaches to value? - CORRECT ANSWER An assignment condition may require an appraiser to develop an approach that he or she would otherwise consider unnecessary.
When analyzing listings of the subject property in a real property appraisal assignment, USPAP requires an appraiser to analyze, at a minimum, ____________. - CORRECT ANSWER Current listings
When analyzing the subject property's sales history in a real property appraisal assignment, an appraiser is required by USPAP to analyze ______________. - CORRECT ANSWER All sales of the subject property that occurred within three years prior to the effective date of the appraisal
When is it necessary to analyze prior listings of the subject property in a real property appraisal assignment? - CORRECT ANSWER When such analysis is relevant to the current assignment
In the development of an appraisal, the appraiser is required to: - CORRECT ANSWER Not commit a substantial error that significantly affects the appraisal
The process of reconciliation entails ___________. - CORRECT ANSWER Careful consideration of the quality and quantity of data
STANDARD 2 sets forth requirements for - CORRECT ANSWER Appraisal report content
The use of standard appraisal reporting forms - CORRECT ANSWER is not required by Standard 2
What is the essential difference between the two reporting options? - CORRECT ANSWER the content and level of information
The two written report options stated in Standards Rule 2-2 are - CORRECT ANSWER Appraisal Report and Restricted Appraisal Report
An appraiser's client requests anonymity and asks that their identity not appear in the Appraisal Report that is prepared for the assignment. What must the appraiser do? - CORRECT ANSWER State in the report that the client's identity has been withheld at the client's request, document the identity of the client in the workfile, use care not to violate the Confidentiality section of the ETHICS RULE
When reporting the results of an appraisal, dates that must be included are - CORRECT ANSWER effective date and report date
An appraiser determines that the cost approach is not necessary in an appraisal assignment, and therefore does not develop the approach. In the Restricted Appraisal Report for the assignment, what must the appraiser do? - CORRECT ANSWER state the reason for the exclusion of the approach
In an Appraisal Report, the scope of work used to develop the appraisal must be - CORRECT ANSWER summarized
All written appraisal reports must contain - CORRECT ANSWER a signed certification
An appraiser is preparing a Restricted Appraisal Report in a situation where there are intended users in addition to the client. Which statement is true regarding this situation? - CORRECT ANSWER These additional intended users must be identified in the report by name.
When an extraordinary assumption is used in an appraisal, the report must state the extraordinary assumption and - CORRECT ANSWER state that its use may have affected the assignment results
What is the purpose of including a signed certification in an appraisal report? - CORRECT ANSWER For the appraiser to acknowledge his or her ethical obligations
According to USPAP, any appraiser who signs any part of an appraisal report is required to - CORRECT ANSWER sign a certification
To the extent possible and appropriate, oral appraisal reports for real property must address the substantive matters that apply to a(n) - CORRECT ANSWER Appraisal Report
An appraiser provides an oral report of a real property appraisal. Which statement is CORRECT? - CORRECT ANSWER The appraiser must add a signed and dated certification to her appraisal workfile.
If a client requests a more current valuation on a property that was the subject of a prior assignment, this is a(n) ____________. - CORRECT ANSWER new assignment
An appraiser completes an appraisal for Bank A. Two months later, he is contacted by Bank B, who asks him to "readdress" his prior report to them. Which statement is TRUE about the appraiser's USPAP obligations? - CORRECT ANSWER He is not permitted to "readdress" the report to Bank B.
USPAP requires an appraiser to obtain a release from a previous client before appraising the same property for a new client. - CORRECT ANSWER False
If a supervising appraiser makes changes to a trainee's appraisal report which the trainee does not agree with, the trainee should - CORRECT ANSWER not sign the certification
trainee assisted a senior appraiser in an appraisal assignment, but the trainee appraiser does not sign a certification. The trainee's name is stated in the certification as having provided significant appraisal assistance. Is a description of the trainee's assistance also required to be in the certification? - CORRECT ANSWER no
In STANDARD 3, the word "reviewer" means: - CORRECT ANSWER an appraiser who is performing an appraisal review
When developing an appraisal review, USPAP requires a reviewer to identify the appraiser who completed the work under review: - CORRECT ANSWER unless the identity has been withheld by the client
A reviewer is performing an appraisal review on an appraisal report prepared on a residential property. The reviewer is required by USPAP to: - CORRECT ANSWER Identify whether it is necessary to develop his or her own value opinion as part of the appraisal review assignment
In performing an appraisal review, a reviewer may use information that was not available to the original appraiser in the normal course of business, as long as the information: - CORRECT ANSWER is not used in the development of the reviewer's opinion of the quality of the work under review
When performing an appraisal review, a reviewer finds information that was available to the original appraiser, but the original appraiser did not consider it when developing the appraisal under review. Does USPAP permit the reviewer to use this information in developing an opinion of the quality of the work under review? - CORRECT ANSWER Yes
Which statement is TRUE regarding USPAP and the appraisal review process for real property? - CORRECT ANSWER If the reviewer develops his or her own opinion of value, it must be developed under the requirements of STANDARD 1.
An appraisal review can be a two-stage assignment, which includes both an appraisal review and a value opinion by the reviewer. - CORRECT ANSWER true
Is a reviewer permitted to file a complaint with a state appraisal regulatory agency without the client's consent? - CORRECT ANSWER yes
An appraisal review report - CORRECT ANSWER must be separate from the work under review
A reviewer is preparing an appraisal review report using a pre-printed form that was created by the client. The form does not have space for all of the minimum report content requirements of USPAP. What should the reviewer do? - CORRECT ANSWER Supplement the form with the required content items
A reviewer is responsible for ensuring that there is __________ in a review report so that it can be properly understood by __________. - CORRECT ANSWER Sufficient information; intended users
A reviewer is reviewing a real property appraisal and has developed her own value opinion that differed from the value opinion in the work under review. When reporting her value opinion in the appraisal review report, what must the reviewer do? - CORRECT ANSWER Provide data and analysis that matches the reporting requirements for an Appraisal Report
A reviewer is preparing an appraisal review report. The identity of the appraiser who completed the work under review was not provided by the reviewer's client. What should the reviewer do? - CORRECT ANSWER State, in the appraisal review report, that the appraiser's identity was withheld by the client
Is a reviewer permitted by USPAP to use information that was not available to the original appraiser to discredit the work under review? - CORRECT ANSWER no
As part of an appraisal review assignment, a reviewer develops his own opinion of value that differs from the original appraiser's value opinion. How many certifications does USPAP require in the appraisal review report for this assignment? - CORRECT ANSWER 1
If a reviewer provides an oral report of an appraisal review - CORRECT ANSWER a signed certification must be inserted into the workfile
A reviewer performing an appraisal review must not sign the work under review unless he or she intends to accept the responsibility as a co-signer of the work. - CORRECT ANSWER true
What indicates that a reviewer DID NOT develop his own opinion of value in an appraisal review assignment? - CORRECT ANSWER I reject the value conclusion as lacking credibility due to the errors and inconsistencies found.
If an appraiser is asked to develop an opinion of the quality of another appraiser's work and to agree or disagree with the value conclusion - CORRECT ANSWER this is a two-stage assignment
STANDARD 5 is most similar in structure to: - CORRECT ANSWER Standard 1
STANDARD 5, Mass Appraisal, Development, applies to: - CORRECT ANSWER Both real and personal property
Notifications sent to property owners of the results of a mass appraisal, which may be required by public policy, are considered: - CORRECT ANSWER Notifications, and not reports
An appraiser is engaged by her local county assessment board to complete an appraisal on an apartment building for ad valorem taxation purposes. Which USPAP STANDARD(S) apply to this assignment? - CORRECT ANSWER STANDARDS 1 and 2
In a personal property appraisal assignment that includes multiple objects as part of the same assignment: - CORRECT ANSWER The objects that are more significant to the assignment results should be the focus of the analysis
An appraiser must recognize that there are distinct levels of trade in personal property, and each may have different comparable data. - CORRECT ANSWER True
When appraising personal property, the appraiser must analyze prior sales of the subject over what time period? - CORRECT ANSWER A reasonable and applicable time
An appraiser is developing an appraisal and will be reporting it in a Restricted Appraisal Report. Because this less detailed reporting option is being used, is the appraiser permitted to use an abbreviated appraisal development process? - CORRECT ANSWER no
Under STANDARD 8, a personal property appraiser has ____ written report options. - CORRECT ANSWER 2
An appraiser's certification in a business or intangible asset appraisal report does not: - CORRECT ANSWER Contain a reference to the inspection of the subject property*
A written business appraisal report must be prepared in accordance with: - CORRECT ANSWER Appraisal Report or Restricted Appraisal Report
An appraisal that takes into consideration the full effect of known environmental contamination would be considered: - CORRECT ANSWER "As-is"
In an appraisal report, the use of terms that reflect a scale such as "good" or "average": - CORRECT ANSWER Should include explanation that provides context
The competency required to appraise subsidized housing extends beyond typical residential appraisal competency. - CORRECT ANSWER true
An appraiser agrees to provide a market value appraisal for a client. What is true about this situation? - CORRECT ANSWER It is essential that the appraiser identify the source of the definition of value to be used.
An appraiser provides raw AVM output to a client. This is: - CORRECT ANSWER Not an appraisal, and no workfile is required
If a borrower attempts to engage an appraiser to complete an appraisal for a federally-regulated lending transaction, the appraiser should disclose: - CORRECT ANSWER That the lender must engage the appraiser, and that the appraiser cannot later "readdress" the report
Regulations and guidelines that apply to an appraisal for a federally-regulated lending transaction are: - CORRECT ANSWER Assignment conditions
What does the effective date of an appraisal establish? - CORRECT ANSWER The context of the value opinion
What type of appraisal would be indicated by the phrase, "On September 10, 2012, the market value of the subject property was $200,000"? - CORRECT ANSWER Retrospective
Developing an opinion of value of a property as of a specified future date is: - CORRECT ANSWER A prospective appraisal
According to AO-33, the results of discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis should: - CORRECT ANSWER Be tested and checked for errors and reasonableness
A mortgage client suggested to an appraiser that if he would increase the value conclusion from $520,000 to $525,000 on an appraisal there would be more assignments coming his way. Should the appraiser change his opinion of value since it is less than a 1% difference? - CORRECT ANSWER No. An appraiser must perform assignments without accommodation of personal interests (promise of additional work). Additionally, an appraiser must not advocate the cause or interest of any party (either the mortgage broker or the homeowner).
A client wants to know the current value, as though repaired, of a property that has been damaged due to flooding from a severe storm. What type of assignment condition should the appraiser use? - CORRECT ANSWER The appraiser should use a hypothetical condition because the property as if repaired does not currently exist as of the effective date.
A client has repaired a property that was damaged due to flooding. Several neighboring properties that were similarly flooded and later repaired soon developed mold problems. The client's property shows no evidence of mold as of the effective date. What type of assignment condition should the appraiser use if the client wants a current value opinion of the property? - CORRECT ANSWER The appraiser should use an extraordinary assumption, because as of the date of value, the fact of the potential condition (i.e., mold) is unknown, and it is reasonable to believe the current condition is true.
An appraiser performed the cost approach in an appraisal of a new warehouse. The buyer paid $1.9 million for the building and site. The property's market value was $2 million. Identify each of the three components: the reproduction cost developed by the appraiser, the $1.9 million figure, and the $2 million figure as (a) fact, (b) an estimate of fact, or (c) an opinion in relation to the appraisal of this property. - CORRECT ANSWER The reproduction cost developed by the appraiser is an estimate of fact (b).
The $1.9 million sale is the price as a stated fact (a).
The $2 million value of the property is the appraiser's opinion (c).
A client requests "a number" over the phone in advance of the written appraisal report. How should an appraiser handle this type of request? - CORRECT ANSWER This is an additional report - an oral report. A summary of the oral report and a signed and dated certification must be included in the workfile. Additionally, the workfile must contain a true copy of the written report that is delivered to the client. [Show Less]