Obesity
BMI of 30 or higher
Overweight
BMI over 25
OPT Model
stabilization-strength endurance-muscular development-max
... [Show More] strength-power
Acute Disease
symptoms develop rapidly
Chronic Disease
persists for long duration, cannot be cured altogether
LDL cholesterol
Bad- Should be less than 100
HDL cholesterol
Good- Should be kept around 60
Type 1 Diabetes
Genetic- cannot prevented
Type 2 Diabetes
obesity is a primary indicator, insulin resistant
COPD
Chronic respiratory dysfunctions. Brisk walk can be one of the best forms of exercise for them.
LPHC
lumbo-pelvic-hip complex
4 P's of Marketing
Product, Price, Place, Promotion
SWOT Analysis
strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats
Extrinsic Motivation
External- for others or reward
Intrinsic Motivation
Internal-- comes from within
BCT
Behavior Change Techniques- client interventions that are used to change some determinant of behavior
Stages of Change Model
precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance
SMART goals
Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Timely
Troponin
protein structure that is important for muscular contractions by providing a binding state
Neurotransmitters
chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons
motor function
The neuromuscular response to the sensory information (like when a person walks differently from sidewalk to sand)
somatic nervous system
largely responsible for voluntary control of movement
autonomic nervous system
the part of the PNS that supplies input to organs (involuntary processes).
sympathetic nervous system
"fight or flight"- more excited state
parasympathetic nervous system
"rest & digest"- more relaxed state
3 primary nervous system functions
sensory, integrative, motor functions
sensory nervous system function
ability to sense changes
integrative nervous system function
interprets sensory info
Proprioception
our internal sense of body position or orientation
axial skeleton
skull, rib cage, and vertebral column- aprox 80 bones
appendicular skeleton
arms, legs, pelvic girdle- aprox 126 bones
Skeletal Depressions
flattened or indented portions of bone
Skeletal Processes
Projections from bone where tendons & ligaments can attach
Neuron
specialized cell; the functional unit of the nervous system
Nucleus
Control center of the cell- contains majority of genetic material
Organelles
A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell
Mitochondria
Powerhouse of the cell- uses nutrients to create energy
Electrolytes
minerals that have an electrical charge (sodium potassium, magnesium, water)
CNS
central nervous system
PNS
peripheral nervous system
Afferent Pathway
pathway that relays information to the CNS from the PNS
muscle spindles
receptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the rate of that change
Golgi tendon organs
Receptors sensitive to change in tension of the muscle and the rate of that change
Neuroplasticity
the ability within the brain to constantly change or grow
Neurocircuitry
Interconnection of neurons in brain & spinal cord
Levers
Rigid rods where muscles attach
Remodeling
process that bone is constantly renewed
Osteoclasts
cells that break down & remove bone tissue
Osteoblasts
form & lay down new bone tissue
vertebral column
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx
Cervical Spine
c1-c7 (7)
Thoracic Spine
t1-t12 (12)
Lumbar Spine
l1-l5 (5)
Sacrum
5 fused vertebrae
Coccyx
3-5 small fused bones (tailbone)
Osteokinematics
bone movement (movement of limb)
Athrokinematics
joint movement (roll, slide, spin)
synovial joints
joints with fluid filled capsule
nonaxial joints
only one movement- either back & forth or side to side
uniaxial joint
hinge joint (elbow, toe, ankle)
saddle joint
thumb joint- only carpometacarpal
pivot joint
base of skull, elbow
ball & socket joints
most mobile, movement in all three directions (hip, shoulder)
Nonsynovial joints
little to no movement (sutures of skull)
Ligaments
Connect bone to bone (torn or stretched =sprain)
Tendons
Connect muscle to bone (torn or stretched = strain)
3 types of muscles
skeletal, cardiac, smooth
skeletal muscle
connects bones, produces movement
cardiac muscle
makes up the heart
smooth muscle
makes up tissue of internal organs
fascia
surrounds muscles, connects them to other muscles
Epimysium
"deep fascia"
Type 1 muscle fibers
"slow twitch" resistant to fatigue
Type 2 muscle fibers
"fast twitch" faster to fatigue
Myofibrils
contractile components of a muscle cell
Perimysium
connective tissue that surrounds a fascicle [Show Less]