What do autonomic agents do? - ✔✔ Influence and regulate vital functions c/in the nervous system
What is another name for parasympathetic? -
... [Show More] ✔✔ Cholinergic/muscarinic
What is another name for sympathetic? - ✔✔ Adrenergic
What is cholinergic activity? - ✔✔ Vasodilation, increased secretions, and decreased HR
What are 2 acetylcholine (ACh) receptors? - ✔✔ Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors
What are some universal prescribing alerts for muscarinic antagonists? - ✔✔ Decreased secretions, increased HR, and decreased GI motility
Where are muscarinic ACh receptors found the most? - ✔✔ CNS, hippocampus, cortex and thalamus
What enzyme breaks down ACh? - ✔✔ Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase
T/F: Endogenous and exogenous ACh has a limited ability to cross the BBB? - ✔✔ True
Muscarinic agonists that are formulated to enter the CNS play an important role in ___________? - ✔✔ Cognitive function, motor control, appetite regulation, nociception, seizure threshold
How to cholinesterase inhibitors affect the heart? - ✔✔ Vasogenic effect on the SA and AV node leading to bradycardia and AV block - which can result in syncope and hypotensive effects
What is the caution with acetylcholinerstase inhibitors during anesthesia? - ✔✔ Can exaggerate the effects of neuromuscular blocking agents, potentially extending respiratory depression
What type of surgery patient should you caution using acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on? - ✔✔ GI surgery pts
What is the most common side effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors? - ✔✔ Diarrhea
How do muscarinic antagonists inhibit ACh? - ✔✔ They prevent binding to parasympathetic and sympathetic cholinergic receptors?
What are some side effects of anticholingeric medications? - ✔✔ Decreased salivary secretions, sweating, pupillary dilation, visual changes, increased HR, bronchodilation, inhibited urination and decreased intestinal tone
Autonmoic-anticholinergic agents have been used to reduce what? - ✔✔ GI hypermotility
What patients should you caution use of anticholinergic agents on? - ✔✔ Pts c GERD or hiatal hernia r/t reflux esophagitis
What drug class should you caution with pts with open-angle glaucoma? - ✔✔ Autonomic anticholinergic agents - increased intraocular pressure
antiparkisonian agents - ✔✔ Benztropine, diphenhydramine, trihexyphenidyl
Anitmuscarinic, anticholinergic agents should caution in patients with _____________ and _____________ diease - ✔✔ Cardiac and renal
What is use as the backbone of therapy for COPD? - ✔✔ Short-acting antimuscarinic antagonists (SAMAs) with short acting B2 agonists (SABAs)
How does Ephedrine work? - ✔✔ Adrenergic receptor agonist that directly activate the release of NE
What type of glaucoma can you use autonomic sympathomimetic agents with? - ✔✔ Open-angle glaucoma
What type of glaucoma is contraindicated with the use of autonomic sympathomimetic agents? - ✔✔ Closed-angle glaucoma [Show Less]