Brompheniramine meleate (Bromax) - ✔✔ First-generation (H1 antagonist)
Carbinozamine meleate (Arbinoza) - ✔✔ First-generation (H1
... [Show More] antagonist)
Chlorapheniramine meleate (Chloraphen) - ✔✔ First-generation (H1 antagonist)
Clemastine (Dayhist) - ✔✔ First-generation (H1 antagonist)
Cyroheptadine (Periactin) - ✔✔ First-generation (H1 antagonist)
Diphenydramine (Benadryl) - ✔✔ First-generation (H1 antagonist)
Doxylamine (Unisom) - ✔✔ First-generation (H1 antagonist)
Promethazine (Phenergan) - ✔✔ First-generation (H1 antagonist)
Triprolidine (Histex) - ✔✔ First-generation (H1 antagonist)
First agent released to market as a second-generation agent - ✔✔ Terfenadine (seldane) - QTc prolongation & tosades de pointe
Acrivastine (Semprex) - ✔✔ Second-generation -
Cetirizine (Zyrtec) - ✔✔ Second-generation
Desloratadine (Clarinex) - ✔✔ Second-generation
Fexofenadine (Allegra) - ✔✔ second generation antihistamine
Levocetrizine (Xyzal) - ✔✔ Second-generation
Loratadine (Claritin) - ✔✔ Second-generation
Nasal products require...? - ✔✔ Priming after first use
Common class considerations - ✔✔ Anaphylaxis, excitation, sedation, toxicity
Why are 1st generation anti-histamines sedatives? - ✔✔ Penetrates the CNS
What side effects can 1st generation anti-histamines have? - ✔✔ Anticholinergic - dry mouth, dry eyes, urinary retention, constipation and cognitive disturbances
What other medication group should you stop 2w before taking 1st generation anti-histamines? - ✔✔ MAIOs
What can exacerbate anticholinergic side effects in 1st generation anti-histamines? - ✔✔ TCAs (tricyclic antidepressants)
1st generation anti-histamines - ✔✔ - Brompheniramine -Doxylamine
-Carbinoxamine -Promethazine
-Chlorpheniramine -Triprolidine
-Clemastine -Dimenhydrinate
-Cyproheptadine -Hydroxyzine
-Diphenhydramine -Meclizine
When generation of anti-histamines is preferred in peds and geriatrics? - ✔✔ 2nd generation
2nd generation anti-histamines - ✔✔ -Acrivastine -Fexofenadine
-Azelastine -Levocetrizine
-Cetirizine -Loratadine
-Desloratadine
What 2nd generation anti-histamine should you take renal and liver precautions in? - ✔✔ Desloratadine
What 2nd generation anti-histamines should you take renal precautions in? - ✔✔ Cetirizine, levocetirizine, loratadine
What second generation anti-histamine should be cautioned in pt's with severe HTN and CAD? - ✔✔ Acrivastine
Empiric - ✔✔ before causative agent has been identified
What anti-infectives require serum concentration monitoring? - ✔✔ Aminoglycosides, vancomycin, flucytosine, -azole antifungals
Ascariasis - ✔✔ - round worm
s/s of ascariasis - ✔✔ abd discomfort, obstruction, vomiting and appendicitis
treatment for ascariasis - ✔✔ Albendazole 400mg x1 or pyrantel pamoate
Enterobiasis - ✔✔ Pinworm
s/s of enterobiasis - ✔✔ perianal irritation, trouble sleeping
Diagnosis of enterobiasis - ✔✔ scotch tape test
Treatment of enterobiasis - ✔✔ 2 doses of pyrantel pamoate or Albendazole (2nd dose 2w after the first dose)
Trichuriasis - ✔✔ Whipworm infection
s/s of a heavy trichuriasis infection - ✔✔ GI symptoms, malnourishment, rectal prolapse
Tx for Trichuriasis - ✔✔ Albendazole (400mg/d for 3 doses)
or Ivermectin (200ug/kg per day for 3 days) - less effective
Antihelminitic drugs - ✔✔ Albendazole, ivermectin, praziquantel, pyrantel
Albendazole: side effects - ✔✔ abd pain, nausea, elevated liver enzymes (d/c if LFTs are 2x normal range), hepatotoxicity
What kind of meal should you eat with Albendazole? - ✔✔ High fat meal
Aminoglycosides - ✔✔ (-mycin, -cin)
Amikacin, gentamycin, neomycin, streptomycin, tobramycin, paromomycin
-inhibit 30S subunit of bacterial ribosome
-active against gram negative rods
-can cause c.diff
-Side effects: nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity
Cephalosporins - ✔✔ (cef-), ceftriaxone, cefepime
-use c caution if pt has a penicillin allergy
-associated c seizures in renal impairment pts
-more broad spectrum than penicillins
-cover gram + and -
Beta-lactams - ✔✔ (-enem)
-cell wall inhibitors [Show Less]